基于多源数据集估算缺资料地区地表净辐射及其时空变化特征

本文以黄河源区为例,利用ITPCAS气象要素驱动数据集和GLASS地表反照率数据集,基于Penman-Monteith公式估算缺资料地区1979-2015年逐日地表净辐射(Rn),用GIS空间分析技术与Mann-Kendall趋势分析方法揭示其时间动态特征与空间演变规律。结果表明:1)对比ITPCAS气象要素驱动数据集和气象站数据估算的Rn,其相关系数均在0.98以上,均方根误差处于1.29～1.77之间;2)黄河源区年和四季Rn均呈下降趋势,每10年均降幅为-0.067MJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1),秋季降幅最小,春、冬降幅最大;黄河源区Rn年内呈单峰型,最大值出现在5月(14.31MJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)),最小值出现在12月(3.34MJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1));3)年和各季节Rn值及变化趋势的空间分布相似;年平均Rn的大部分地区(91.6%)呈下降趋势,其中冬季Rn下降最明显,秋季Rn下降最不明显;4)黄河源区Rn在4 000～4 500m的区域内最大,而在4 500m以上最小;除了秋季Rn在3 500～4 000m区域外,其余季节在所有DEM分区中皆呈现下降趋势。

编制公开版地\市\县地图数据源编绘及更新方法探讨

随着我国城市化进程的加快,各种地图和数据资源的需求也越来越大。下文中笔者将结合自己的工经验,对编制公开地图的相关问题进行探讨,文中笔者将从资料的选取、成果规格及主要技术指标、编绘技术方法及要求等几个方面,对公开地图的数据源编绘以及更新方法进行探讨。

基于地理本体推理的多源数据一致性判别方法

针对早期图幅在绘制及存储时没有统一的标准,导致得到的图幅数据具有多种来源,在对不同时期的空间数据进行检测时,会由于表达方式及内容的不同导致判断错误。本文提出通过构建本体模型及将本体规则引入到对多源空间数据的一致性判别中,该方法以最新的国家标准对空间数据进行描述,使得对空间数据的定义及描述具有统一的标准,并针对不同标准构建的本体间的映射关系进行定义,降低了对同一空间数据的误判率。实验表明,将该方法应用到对图幅空间数据一致性判别中具有良好的效果。

基于数据分组匹配的相似重复记录检测

针对数据集成中相似重复记录的识别问题,提出一种数据特征属性优选分组的算法。通过计算特征属性的方差来确定某维属性的权值,基于数据分组思想选择权值大的属性,将数据集分割成不相交的小数据集,并在各小数据集中用模糊匹配算法进行相似重复记录的识别。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法识别效率和检测精度较高。

基于特征聚类和等距映射的无监督特征选择算法

为了提高无标签场景下特征选择的准确率和稳定性,提出一种基于特征聚类和等距映射的无监督特征选择算法。特征聚类将相似性较高的特征聚成一类,然后结合等距映射和稀疏系数矩阵定义新的特征得分计量函数。该函数对各特征簇中的特征进行打分,选择出每个类簇中得分最高的代表特征,构成特征子集。在14个广泛应用的数据集上的实验结果表明:本文所提算法能够选择出具有强分类能力的特征,且算法具有很强的泛化性。

中国式现代化背景下湖南省共同富裕水平测度

中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化,如何有效促进人的全面自由发展,实现全体人民的共同富裕是时代发展的新要求。本文以湖南地区14个市州为样本,利用夜间灯光数据、POI兴趣点数据、网格化人口数据、土地利用数据等构建多源大数据集,利用共同富裕测度指标体系作为标签,对建立的多源大数据集采用LightGBM、XGBoost、Random Forest、BP神经网络、SVM进行训练建立模型,测算2012-2020年湖南地区14个市州共同富裕水平。结果显示,多种机器学习方法中除支持向量机以外的模型与熵权TOPSIS法结果拟合优度较好,建立的共同富裕水平测度指标体系在统计系统公布的官方数据与多源大数据下都能成立,同时机器学习模型可以对共同富裕水平测度独立实时监测。实证结果表明,湖南省各市州共同富裕水平整体呈上升趋势,但共同富裕发展程度存在差异,在地理上形成以长沙市为核心的共同富裕不均等圈。

面向煤矸分拣机器人的煤矸识别定位系统研究

随着煤炭分选行业对智能化干分选煤技术需求和煤矸图像识别方法需求的增长,研究煤矿复杂分选条件下煤矸混合特征图像的识别方法显得愈发重要。依据深度学习、图像识别和无线通信等理论,设计基于卷积神经网络的煤矸识别定位系统。根据煤矿分选过程的复杂条件,分析煤矸表面特征的5种状态类别,构建煤矸数据集。基于迁移学习的改进AlexNet网络和RPN网络获取煤矸混合特征图像样本的分类信息和像素坐标,通过相机标定方法获得像素坐标在相机坐标系中的位置坐标。构建煤矸分拣机器人分布式控制系统的局域网络,实现识别定位系统与主控系统的实时煤矸检测信息交互。基于煤矸识别定位系统对煤矸图像的检测模型进行测试,试验结果表明,煤矸识别定位系统的识别模型检测准确率可达90.17%,煤矸目标最大定位误差9.45 mm,系统响应测试时间低于350 ms,满足煤矿复杂分选的基本要求。该煤矸识别模型对煤矸混合特征图像具有较好的检测结果,为煤矸图像识别方法应用于煤矿智能化分选发展提供了研究基础。

Energy Efficient Data Collection in Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

The majority of the energy consumption by the sensors is the energy requirement for data transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs）. Therefore, introducing mobile collectors to collect data instead of nmlti-hop data relay is essential. However, for rmny proposed data gathering ap-proaches, long data deNNy is the train problenm. Hence, the problem of how to decrease the energy consumption and the data deNNy needs to be solved. In this paper, a low deNNy data collection mechanism using multiple mobile collectors is pro- posed. First, a self-organization clustering algorithm is designed. Second, sensor nodes are organized into three-level clusters. Then a collection strategy based on the hierarchical structure is proposed, which includes two rules to dispatch mobile collec- tors rationally. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is superior to other existing approaches in terms of the reduction in energy ex-penditure and the decrease in data deNNy.

Multiple k-hop clusters based routing scheme to preserve source-location privacy in WSNs

Privacy is becoming one of the most notable challenges threatening wireless sensor networks(WSNs).Adversaries may use RF(radio frequency) localization techniques to perform hop-by-hop trace back to the source sensor's location.A multiple k-hop clusters based routing strategy(MHCR) is proposed to preserve source-location privacy as well as enhance energy efficiency for WSNs.Owing to the inherent characteristics of intra-cluster data aggregation,each sensor of the interference clusters is able to act as a fake source to confuse the adversary.Moreover,dummy traffic could be filtered efficiently by the cluster heads during the data aggregation,ensuring no energy consumption be burdened in the hotspot of the network.Through careful analysis and calculation on the distribution and the number of interference clusters,energy efficiency is significantly enhanced without reducing the network lifetime.Finally,the security and delay performance of MHCR scheme are theoretically analyzed.Extensive analysis and simulation results demonstrate that MHCR scheme can improve both the location privacy security and energy efficiency markedly,especially in large-scale WSNs.

Poorly expandable common bile duct with stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

AIM： To describe characteristics of a poorly expandable （PE） common bile duct （CBD） with stones on en- doscopic retrograde cholangiography.METHODS： APE bile duct was characterized by a rigid and relatively narrowed distal CBD with retro- grade dilatation of the non-PE segment. Between 2003 and 2006, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography （ERC） images and chart reviews of 1213 patients with newly diagnosed CBD stones were obtained from the computer database of Therapeutic Endoscopic Centerin Chang Gung Memoria acteristic PE bile duct on Hospital. Patients with char ERC were identified from the database. Data of the patients as well as the safety and technical success of therapeutic ERC were collected and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS： A total of 30 patients with CBD stones and characteristic PE segments were enrolled in this study. The median patient age was 45 years （range, 20 to 92 years）; 66.7% of the patients were men. The di ameters of the widest non-PE CBD segment, the PE segment, and the largest stone were 14.3 ± 4.9 mm, 5.8±1.6 mm, and 11.2±4.7 mm, respectively. The length of the PE segment was 39.7±15.4 mm （range, 12.3 mm to 70.9 mm）. To remove the CBD stone（s） completely, mechanical lithotripsy was required in 25 （83.3%） patients even though the stone size was not as large as were the difficult stones that have been described in the literature. The stone size and stone/ PE segment diameter ratio were associated with the need for lithotripsy. Post-ERC complications occurred in 4 cases： pancreatitis in 1, cholangitis in 2, and an im- pacted Dormia basket with cholangitis in 1. Two （6.7%） of the 28 patients developed recurrent CBD stones at follow-up （50±14 mo） and were successfully managed with therapeutic ERC.CONCLUSION： Patients with a PE duct frequently require mechanical lithotripsy for stones extraction, To retrieve stones successfully and avoid complications, these patients should be identified during ERC,

Rough Sets and Nuclear Safety

It is well-known that rough set theory can be applied successfully to rough classification and knowledge discovery. Our work is concerned with finding methods for using rough sets to identify classes in datasets, finding dependencies in relations and discovering rules which are hidden in databases by means of decision tables and algorithm D. We use these methods to analyze and control aspects of nuclear energy generation.

Establishment of water source discrimination model in coal mine by using hydrogeochemistry and statistical analysis： a case study from Renlou Coal Mine in northern Anhui Province, China

The demand for energy consumption promotes to find more coal in deep underground up to 1 000 m and brings more serious situation of water disaster. As one of the major methods for water disaster control, hydrogeochemistry attracts a series of studies related to water source discrimination. In this paper, a simple method for constructing the water source discrimination model based on major ions and multivariate statistical analysis was reported using the following procedures： （1） collection of data and interpretation, （2） analysis of controlling factors based on the chemical composition of groundwater, （3） ＂pure＂ sample chosen, and （4） discrimination model establishment. After the processes, two functions and a diagram were established for three aquifers （the Quaternary, Coal bearing, and Taiyuan Fm.） from the Renlou Coal Mine in northern Anhui Province, China. The method can be applied in almost all coal mines and can be used for evaluating the contribution ratios if the water is collected from a mixing source.

Multisource least-squares reverse-time migration with structure-oriented filtering

The technology of simultaneous-source acquisition of seismic data excited by several sources can significantly improve the data collection efficiency. However, direct imaging of simultaneous-source data or blended data may introduce crosstalk noise and affect the imaging quality. To address this problem, we introduce a structure-oriented filtering operator as preconditioner into the multisource least-squares reverse-time migration （LSRTM）. The structure-oriented filtering operator is a nonstationary filter along structural trends that suppresses crosstalk noise while maintaining structural information. The proposed method uses the conjugate-gradient method to minimize the mismatch between predicted and observed data, while effectively attenuating the interference noise caused by exciting several sources simultaneously. Numerical experiments using synthetic data suggest that the proposed method can suppress the crosstalk noise and produce highly accurate images.

Spatial Data Mining to Support Environmental Management and Decision Making--A Case Study in Brazil

The growth of geo-technologies and the development of methods for spatial data collection have resulted in large spatial data repositories that require techniques for spatial information extraction, in order to transform raw data into useful previously unknown information. However, due to the high complexity of spatial data mining, the need for spatial relationship comprehension and its characteristics, efforts have been directed towards improving algorithms in order to provide an increase of performance and quality of results. Likewise, several issues have been addressed to spatial data mining, including environmental management, which is the focus of this paper. The main original contribution of this work is the demonstration of spatial data mining using a novel algorithm with a multi-relational approach that was applied to a database related to water resource from a certain region of S^o Paulo State, Brazil, and the discussion about obtained results. Some characteristics involving the location of water resources and the profile of who is administering the water exploration were discovered and discussed.

基于分布式系统的关联规则挖掘算法

分布式算法具有高度的适应性、可伸缩性、低性能损耗和容易连接等特性,可以作为挖掘关联规则的理想平台。分布式系统环境下实现高效分布式算法的方法。数据挖掘同关系数据库的关系,实现算法对数据库结构的要求,明确在实现中需要解决的几个核心问题。

Agricultural water-saving potential and feasibility of developing semi-dryland farming in Henan Province

Based on the collected data in the current status of developing and utilizing water resources and imple- menting water-saving agriculture in Henan Province, and taking into account the influence of engineering, agro- nomic and management measures, the water-saving potential in past years and the feasibility of implementing semi-dryland farming were analyzed in Henan Province. Finally, specific technical measures of developing semi- drvland farming in different areas of Henan Province were orooosed.

Monitoring Local Impervious Surface Trends Using Indices Derived from Property Tax and Several Landsat Datasets

Human economic and social needs can be in conflict with ecosystem needs. Land development increases impervious surfaces causing significant negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems. Many impervious surface estimates are derived from remote sensing data, developed by using different methods and often out of date. Remote sensing data is often at scales applicable to regional management, but not local planning decisions. To date, no standardized annual dataset of percent impervious surface exists for use at both local and watershed scales. Effective communication between natural resource managers and local planners has been lacking. One solution is to monitor percent impervious surface with a relative index rather than direct measure. A relative index model can use a currency, like foundation square feet per hectare, which is useful for all decision makers. One data source for developing a relative index of impervious surface is property tax data. These data document annual land development at local scale. Here, the author presents the use of Maryland property tax data to index land development and percent impervious surface.

Adaptive Soft Frequency Reuse Scheme for In-building Dense Femtocell Networks

Femtocell networks have emerged as a key technology in residential, office building or hotspot deployments that can sig- nificantly fulfill high data demands in order to offioad indoor traffic from outdoor macro cells. However, as one of the major challenges, inter-femtocell interference gets worse in 3D in-building scenarios because of the presence of numerous interfering sources and then needs to be considered in the early network planning phase. The indoor network planning and optimization tool suite, Ranplan Small- cell~, makes accurate prediction of indoor wireless RF signal propagation possible to guide actual indoor femtocell deployments. In this paper, a new adaptive soft frequency reuse scheme in the dense femtocell networks is proposed, where multiple dense femtocells are classified into a number of groups according to the dominant interference strength to others, then the minimum subchannels with different frequency reuse factors for these groups are determined and transmit powers of the group- ing sub-channels are adaptively adjusted based on the strength to mitigate the mutual inter- ference. Simulation results show the proposed scheme yields great performance gains in terms of the spectrum efficiency relative to the legacy soft frequency reuse and universal fre- quency reuse.

Forest Conflict on the Forest Resources Management between Indigenous People and the Logging Company in Small Island

Many conflicts are reported in small islands mainly in Eastern region of Indonesia and it is needed to conflict resolution in the forest sector. The research has been conducted on forest conflict in the small island of Yamdena. The aims of the research were： （1） to determine the customary rights of indigenous peoples to the forest area that was claimed as theirs according to the applicable rules and regulations; （2） to study the causes of conflict between indigenous peoples and the logging company; （3） to analyze the policy in the forest resources management on the customary land. This research is qualitative and uses a case study methodology. Data collection methods used include semi-structured interviews, participant observation and focus group discussion （FGD）. The results showed that indigenous peoples whose livelihood is highly dependent on the forest were most threatened because of forest exploitation of their traditional land by the logging company. Handling of the conflict potential in the forest resources management in Yamdena island was approached through use of traditional laws, involving all the relevant parties to the conflict. The forest management either by indigenous peoples or the logging company is no longer focused on the timber harvesting but more on conservation aspects.

Rural Impact Assessment of Agriculture Water Systems in a Climate Change Context

This study is a rapid appraisal procedure （RAP） of two forms of agriculture water delivery systems comprising two canal irrigation schemes and 26 Zimbabwean bush pumps in the Midlands and Masvingo Provinces. A longitudinal multiple data collection technique employed involved various primary and secondary sources including site visits, literature review, observation, interviews with key personnel and group discussions. General findings of this study indicate： （1） the available coping mechanisms in smallholder farming in a climate change context and （2） the challenges faced in the actual delivery of water in terms of design, management, physical and institutional factors. The study provides pragmatic recommendations for overall improvement and performance in a local, technical and socio-economic context through evaluation of the current situation, practices and processes. An integrated approach to addressing climate change impacts should include water management, rehabilitation, complete overhaul and introduction of other relevant water systems and water saving farming techniques. Yet, ownership of these technologies by communities remains instrumental. Rural development and agricultural policies that ensure maximum and full capacity utilisation of water systems to improve rural livelihoods, mitigation and adaptation to climate change are recommended.