语文教学行为的课堂观察与数据评析——以《圆明园的毁灭》一课教学为例

课堂教学行为的数据分析,能够帮助教师发现和解决课堂教学问题,为教师课堂教学行为改进提供有效依据。本文以《圆明园的毁灭》一课为例,借助课堂观察数据,全面评析及反思课堂中教师教学行为,丰富课堂教学评析的手段,提高反思的质量。

裹浆粗集料对沥青混凝土路面的质量危害

本文从工程实例中的沥青路面病害分析,集料除尘效果,拌制沥青混合料性能等各方面分析阐述了裹浆粗集料对沥青混凝土路面结构的危害,进行了数据比对评析,提出具体的防控措施,对沥青混合料用粗集料质量控制作出很好的警示。

Big data assessment on the operating characteristics of on-line taxis and thoughts on relevant policies

A double-dimensional big data assessment method on the characteristics of on-line taxi traffic operation is proposed to provide a scientific basis for carrying out the taxi industry reform and standardizing the on-line taxi hailing management work. Taking Shenzhen as an example, multi- source data such as on-line taxi license plate data, plate identification data and taxi （including on-line taxis） operation data are combined with the results of the stated preference （SP） survey on taxi operating characteristics to assess the overall operation characteristics of on-line taxis. The results show that the current on-line taxis in Shenzhen can be divided into three categories, that is, full-time on-line taxis, non- active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis, accounting for 4%, 55%, and 41%, respectively, of the total quantity. In terms of the characteristics of space-time operations, full-time on-line taxis have similar operating characteristics as those of traditional taxis; the operation of non-active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis coincides with commuting requirements during morning and evening peak hours. However, part-time on-line taxis operate for a much longer time period at night. Due to the convenient hailing and favorable price, on-line taxis have a significant impact on trip modes of citizens; and the substitution eflbct of on-line taxis on traditional buses and cruising taxis is obvious. It is beneficial for helping the government departments to objectively understand the development law of the on-line taxi industry and providing decision reference for the formulation of relevant management policies during the critical development stage of on-line taxi industry.

Evaluation of wind vectors observed by HY-2A scatterometer using ocean buoy observations,ASCAT measurements,and numerical model data

The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A was launched successfully in August, 201 I. This study presents a quality assessment of HY-2A scatterometer （HYSCAT） data based on comparison with ocean buoy data, the Advanced Scatterometer （ASCAT） data, and numerical model data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. The in-situ observations include those from buoy arrays operated by the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） and Tropical Atmosphere Ocean （TAO） project. Only buoys located offshore and in deep water were analyzed. The temporal and spatial collocation windows between HYSCAT data and buoy observations were 30 min and 25 km, respectively. The comparisons showed that the wind speeds and directions observed by HYSCAT agree well with the buoy data. The root-mean-squared errors （RMSEs） of wind speed and direction for the HYSCAT standard wind products are 1.90 m/s and 22.80°, respectively. For the HYSCAT-ASCAT comparison, the temporal and spatial differences were limited to 1 h and 25 km, respectively. This comparison yielded RMSEs of 1.68 m/s for wind speed and 19.1° for wind direction. We also compared HYSCAT winds with reanalysis data from NCEP. The results show that the RMSEs of wind speed and direction are 2.6 m/s and 26°, respectively. The global distribution of wind speed residuals （HYSCAT-NCEP） is also presented here for evaluation of the HYSCAT-retrieved wind field globally. Considering the large temporal and spatial differences of the collocated data, it is concluded that the HYSCAT-retrieved wind speed and direction met the mission requirements, which were 2 rn/s and 20° for wind speeds in the range 2-24 m/s. These encouraging assessment results show that the wind data obtained from HYSCAT will be useful for the scientific community.

Climate Precipitation Prediction by Neural Network

In this work a neural network model for climate forecasting is presented. The model is built by training a neural network with available reanalysis data. In order to assess the model, the development methodology considers the use of data reduction strategies that eliminate data redundancy thus reducing the complexity of the models. The results presented in this paper considered the use of Rough Sets Theory principles in extracting relevant information from the available data to achieve the reduction of redundancy among the variables used for forecasting purposes. The paper presents results of climate prediction made with the use of the neural network based model. The results obtained in the conducted experiments show the effectiveness of the methodology, presenting estimates similar to observations.

Fast Evaluation of Degradation Degree of Organic Coatings by Analyzing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Data

The degradation coefficient is proposed to evaluate the degradation degree of organic coatings by directly anaIyzing the Bode plots of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） data. This paper investigated the degradation of phenolic epoxy coating/tinplate system by EIS and the degradation coefficient value, which correlates well with the results of breakpoint frequency and variation of phase angle at 10 Hz. Furthermore, the degradation process was confirmed by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and scanning probe microscopy （SPM）. It is concluded that degradation coefficient can be used for the fast evaluation of degradation degree of organic coatings in practical appli- cations.

Evaluation of Atmospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere in 20CRv2

Evaluation of the mean climate and climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere （SH） in the Twentieth Century Reanalysis data version 2 （20CRv2） is conducted and the results are compared with the NCEP/NCAR version 2 Reanalysis data （NCEPv2） and the Hadley Center sea-level pressure data （HadSLPv2）.The results show that SH polar High,SH subtropical High,upper level split jet,cross-equatorial flow,Antarctic Oscillation （AAO）,and the pattem of Pacific-South-America （PSA） has been effectively captured by 20CRv2 during 1979-2010,with an apparent zonal asymmetry of AAO in the austral winter （June-July-August,JJA）.The notable upward linear trend of AAO in the entire period of 1871-2010 is represented in both 20CRv2 and HadS1Pv2.The most remarkable discrepancy of the SH climate variability between 20CRv2 and HadSLPv2 occurred in 1897-1920 and was partly caused by such factors as the paucity of meteorological and oceanographic data in the SH to be assimilated,the handling of the specified sea-ice concentration in South Pole,and imperfect climate models.The consistency of these reanalysis data is increased with the use of a large amount of satellite observation and radiosonde data,particularly after 1979.

An Inhomogeneous Distribution Model of Strong Earthquakes along Strike-Slip Act ive Fault Segments on the Chinese Continent and Its Implication in Engineering Seismology

Through the statistical analysis of earthquake distribution along 51 strike-sli p active fault segments on the Chinese continent, we found that strong earthquak e distribution along the seismogenic fault segments is inhomogeneous and the dis tribution probability density p(K) can be stated as p(K)=1.1206e -3.947K in which K=S/(L/2), S refers to the distance from earthquake epicenter to the center of a fault segment, L is the length of the fault segment. The above model can be utilized to modify the probability density of earthquake occurrence of t he maximum magnitude interval in a potential earthquake source. Nevertheless, it is only suitable for those potential earthquake sources delineated along a sing le seismogenic fault. This inhomogeneous model has certain effects on seismic risk assessment, especia ll y for those potential earthquake sources with higher earthquake reoccurrence rat es of the maximum magnitude interval. In general, higher reoccurrence rate of th e maximum magnitude interval and lower exceeding probability level may bring lar ger difference of the results in seismic risk analysis by adopting the inhomogen eous model, the PGA values increase inner the potential earthquake source, but r educe near the vicinity and out of the potential earthquake source. Taking the T angyin potential earthquake source as an example, with exceeding probability of 10% and 2% in 50 years, the difference of the PGA values between inhomogeneous m odel and homogenous models can reach 12%.

Empirical Study on the Measurement of the High-Tech Industry Efficiency in China--Based on the Data of China＇s 31 Provinces （Including Municipalities and Autonomous Regions）

To evaluate the relative effectiveness of the input and output of the high-tech industry in China＇s 31 provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）, DEA evaluation model was constructed using data envelopment analysis （DEA）, and DEA evaluation model was solved using Deap2.1 software, for the purpose of obtaining the DEA efficiency and the non-DEA efficiency in all the provinces （including municipalities and autonomous regions）. Then, the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, scale return, and projection analysis were analyzed. Finally, the provinces of the non-DEA efficiency are sorted according to three efficiencies, and also a goal of improvement is proposed for the purpose of expanding technology investment in the provinces of the DEA efficiency.

Making Outcomes Assessment （Relatively） Painless, One Approach to Address the Issue

Given the pressures and constraints of assessment of learning in today＇s environment consistent with accreditation requirements, this paper presents the utilization of a course embedded assessment. That is, instead of creating an extra assessment outside the normal activities of the course, this paper examines an assessment that is part of the course. Additionally, not only is the course embedded assessment part of the course, it measures 100% of assessments employed in the course, instead of only a sample of the assessments. This paper presents background information regarding the utilization of a course embedded assessment, including The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International [AACSB] requirements for fulfilling assessment of learning outcomes. Discussion of course embedded assessments takes place. The dialogue then illustrates an approach that can be used for the data organization and analysis stages of assessment. It is hoped that the use of such an approach may save instructors time and effort in their assessment endeavors, while providing a superior quality assessment encompassing the entire course instead of merely a sample. This occurs by transferring the objective nature of the assessments into a computerized format.

Bridging the Achievement Gap for Students： A Blueprint for Success

The purpose of this research is to identify and examine the achievement gaps between students. Over the past thirty years, emphasis has been placed on achievement levels of students in this country. State test results, SAT Scores, ACT scores and other assessment instruments have been used to determine performance standards and test results for students. Data analyzed for White students compared to African American and Hispanic students have provided critical information in identifying academic progress and skill deficits for all students. This article will highlight some of the achievement gaps which exit among White, African American and Hispanic Students. Recommendations will also be emphasized to help improve student achievement levels in an effort to close the achievement gap.

Comparative Analysis of Energy Efficiency in Wheat Production in Different Climate Conditions of Europe

This paper presents results concerning energy efficiency of wheat production considered in the context of specific energy input variation in different climatic conditions of Europe as well as case studies on implementation of selected energy saving measures in practice. The source data collected from the six european union （EU） countries represent five agricultural regions of continental Europe and three climates： continental, temperate and Mediterranean. The life cycle assessment （LCA） methodology was applied to analyze the data excluding of pre-farm gate activities. The total primary energy consumption was decomposed into main energy input streams and it was regressed to yield. In order to compare energy efficiency of wheat production across the geographical areas, the data envelopment analysis （DEA） was applied. It was shown that the highest wheat yield （6.7 t/ha to 8.7 t/ha） at the lowest specific energy input （2.08 GJ/t to 2.56 G J/t） is unique for temperate climate conditions. The yield in continental and Mediterranean climatic conditions is on average lower by 1.3 t/ha and 2.7 t/ha and energy efficiency lower by 14% and 38%, respectively. The case studies have shown that the energy saving activities in wheat production may be universal for the climatic zones or specific for a given geographical location. It was stated that trade-offs between energy, economic, and environmental effects, which are associated with implementation of a given energy saving measure or a set of measures to a great extent depend on the current energy efficiency status of the farm and opportunity for investment, which varies substantially across Europe.

Evaluation and Forecasting of Elapsed Fatigue Life of Ship Structures by Analyzing Data from Full Scale Ship Structural Monitoring

This paper describes the activities carried out by CETENA in collaboration with the Italian Navy to assess the behavior of new FREMM frigates by means of an automatic hull monitoring system and to predict the expected fatigue life of ship structure by analyzing recorded data through a specifically developed post-processing tool.

Research on the performance management of the special funds in provincial colleges and universities

This paper is a comprehensive data collection and analysis of the special performance of the managed fund in provincial universities, which has very important academic value and theoretical and practical significance for the effective and rational improvement of the utilization ratio of the special funds, the specification of the management the university capitals and the ceaseless development of the education reform. It also has very important academic value and theoretical practical significance for the improvement of the financial management levels, the introduction of the evaluation results of the special funds into the budget appropriation mechanism, the refinement of the budget planning of the special funds, the improvement of the scientificalness and accuracy of the budget planning oft he special fimds, and the further strengthening of the management of the expenditure and balance of the special funds of universities, and the formulation of the scientific and effective performance evaluation methods, and the formation of the theoretical platform of the performance management evaluation.

An evaluation equation of TG experiment data based on iso-conversion method for activation energy

The iso-conversion method to could calculate the kinetics parameters effectively, the present paper built an evaluation equation for iso-conversion methods according to the thermo kinetics integral equation and analyses the temperatures of the same degree of conversion for different heating rates by ideal TG （thermo-gravity） curve data. It is obtained that the temperatures of the same degree of conversion for different heating rates＇ TG curve have good linearity connection validating the correction of the evaluation equation for iso-conversion methods and the scope of linear slope for theratio between heating rates being 2 is 1.05 to 1.09.

Reconstructing provincial cropland area in eastern China during the early Yuan Dynasty(AD1271–1294)

Reconstructing historical land use and land cover change(LUCC) at the regional scale is an important component of global environmental change studies and of improving global historical land use datasets. By analyzing data in historical documents, including military-oriented cropland(hereafter M-cropland) area, the number of households engaged in M-cropland(hereafter M-household) reclamation, cropland area, and the number of households, we propose a conversion relationship between M-cropland area and cropland area reclaimed by each household. A provincial cropland area estimation method for the Yuan Dynasty is described and used to reconstruct the provincial cropland area for AD1290. Major findings are as follows.(1) Both the M-cropland and cropland areas of each household were high in the north and low in the south during the Yuan Dynasty, which resulted from different natural conditions and planting practices. Based on this observation, the government-allocated M-cropland reclamation area to each household was based on the cropland area reclaimed by each household.(2) The conversion relationship between M-cropland and cropland areas per household showed conversion coefficients of 1.23 and 0.65 for the south and north, respectively.(3) The cropland area in the entire study area in AD1290 was 535.4×106 mu(Chinese area unit, 1 mu=666.7 m^2), 57.8% in the north and 42.2% in the south. The fractional cropland areas for the entire study area, north, and south were 6.8%, 6.6%, and 7.1%, respectively and the per capita cropland areas for the whole study area, north, and south were 6.7, 15.6, and 4.1 mu, respectively.(4) Cropland was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River(including the Fuli area), Huaihe River Basin(including Henan Province), and middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(including Jiangzhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang provinces).

Minimum Data Set for Assessing Soil Quality in Farmland of Northeast China

Soil quality assessment provides a tool for agriculture managers and policy makers to gain a better understanding of how various agricultural systems affect soil resources. Soil quality of Hailun County, a typical soybean （Glycine max L. Merill） growing area located in Northeast China, was evaluated using soil quality index （SQI） methods. Each SQI was computed using a minimum data set （MDS） selected using principal components analysis （PCA） as a data reduction technique. Eight MDS indicators were selected from 20 physical and chemical soil measurements. The MDS accounted for 74.9% of the total variance in the total data set （TDS）. The SQI values for 88 soil samples were evaluated with linear scoring techniques and various weight methods. The results showed that SQI values correlated well with soybean yield （r = 0.658＊＊） when indicators in MDS were weighted by the regression coefficient computed for each yield and index. Stepwise regression between yield and principal components （PCs） indicated that available boron （AvB）, available phosphorus （AvP）, available potassium （AvK）, available iron （AvFe） and texture were the main factors limiting soybean yield. The method used to select an MDS could not only appropriately assess soil quality but also be used as a powerful tool for soil nutrient diagnosis at the regional level.

Power Network Parameter Estimation Method Based on Data Mining Technology

The parameter values which actually change with the circumstances, weather and load level etc. produce great effect to the result of state estimation. A new parameter estimation method based on data mining technology was proposed. The clustering method was used to classify the historical data in supervisory control and data acquisition （SCADA） database as several types. The data processing technology was implied to treat the isolated point, missing data and yawp data in samples for classified groups. The measurement data which belong to each classification were introduced to the linear regression equation in order to gain the regression coefficient and actual parameters by the least square method. A practical system demonstrates the high correctness, reliability and strong practicability of the proposed method.

Study on a Evaluation Method of Vendorst

Based on the background of vendors＇ selection in supply chain management, the theory of entropy is adopted to filter the criteria. With the combination of data envelopment analysis（DEA） model, it can not only to eliminate the exclusive information of criteria, but it can keep the advantages of DEA model as well, which can conveniently conduct to automatic data collection and going on an objective evaluation of the priority of vendors.