四数花九里香精油化学成分研究

本文报道了采用GC-MS方法对广西德保产的四数花九里香(Murraya tetramera Huang)精油进行了定性、定量分析,共鉴定出12个化学成分,占精油总量的97.62％。主要成分为薄荷酮和异薄荷酮,含量高达71.06％,是一种新发现的富含薄荷酮的香料植物资源。

生命的咏叹调:宁夏回族民歌数花的演唱风格及艺术特色

对于当下多元的文化,民歌虽然面临了一些发展形式,但是也面临着消亡的危险,这些冲击来自于主流文化对传统文化的冲击,特别是一些流行歌曲的冲击,使得许多传统的民族音乐消亡。通过对宁夏回族民歌数花的研究,既能够了解到其独特的演唱风格,也能够了解其独特的艺术特色,并且通过这种音乐形式,还能够对传统的演唱风格产生一定程度的影响,对传统的音乐教育也能够带来一定的启发,特别是在演唱风格方面。据此,在传承与保护民族音乐的继承之上,也能够对主流的音乐带来技术上的进步,使得民族的文化能够发扬光大。

番茄SSR遗传连锁图谱的构建及每序花数性状的QTL定位

以每序花数性状差异显著的栽培番茄与野生醋栗番茄杂交产生的F2为作图群体,应用SSR标记构建了番茄的遗传连锁图谱。图谱共包含120个标记,总长度为879.1 cM,标记平均间距7.33 cM。利用区间作图法在第2和第5染色体上检测到2个与每序花数有关的QTLs,其贡献值分别为5.22%和8.39%。

土家数纱花纹样特征及造物美学新探

土家数纱花是土家族古朴艺术的表现形式之一,其造物艺术形式却独具土家特色。文章以土家族现存的挑绣作品为研究对象,通过文献研究、实物分析及复原设计对土家族数纱花纹样特点及构图规律进行总结,同时通过实地调研、对比分析土家苗瑶族数纱花在艺术表现上的差异,从而深入探究表象艺术下折射出的土家文化内涵。研究表明:土家数纱花与苗、瑶族数纱花有相似之处,但也存在一定视觉差异。土家数纱花纹样题材丰富多样,构图、色彩与整体布局都充分展现出土家挑绣文化的造物美学思想。土家数纱花以小众艺术形式添补了土家文化的诠释。

玉米花丝数与雌穗小花数及穗粒数的关系研究

对8个玉米自交系及其组配的10个杂交种的花丝吐丝动态、花丝数与雌穗小花数以及穗粒数进行统计分析,研究花丝数与雌穗小花数以及穗粒数的关系。结果表明,玉米杂交种与自交系花丝吐丝动态相似,但杂交种更集中,平均花丝数杂交种明显多于自交系,且变异幅度小。杂交种和自交系的花丝数与穗粒数均呈显著正相关,而杂交种的结实率明显高于自交系,且对环境有较高的适应性,稳产性也较好。

不同熟期大豆品种花荚形成和时空分布

以不同熟期大豆品种早(垦18)、中(黑农41)、晚(吉育60)熟3个亚有限型品种为试材,对其开花和成荚进程以及在主茎上的垂直分布等进行了比较。结果表明:不同品种的始花期、单节花数、单节成荚数、结荚期差异不大;花期、总花荚期、开花和结荚节数、花荚重叠期、单株花数和成荚数差异大;吉育60结荚期后移18～20d,各节成荚期变化平稳,垦18和黑农41主茎各节的成荚期自下而上明显缩短;吉育60中、上部节花多,成荚数多,荚同时伸长节数多;吉育60中、上部节荚伸长的同步性较差。吉育60花期长,开花节数多,单株总花数多;总花荚期长,花荚重叠期短;结荚期后移,成荚节数多,成荚速度快是其单株成荚数多于垦18和黑农41的主要原因。

受钙影响的花生生殖生长及种子素质研究

采用砂培试验结合电子探针等分析方法研究受钙影响的花生生殖生长及种子素质。结果表明 ,低钙导致花生花粉外观变形 ,花粉壁松弛 ,淀粉粒小而稀少 ;电子探针下花生壁K峰升高 ,Ca、P、S和Si峰降低 ,从而影响花粉活力。在一定供钙范围 ,花生总花数、可育花数及产量随供钙增加而增加 ,影响总花数临界供钙水平为 0 6cmol(+ ) /kg ;影响可育花数及产量的临界供钙水平平均为 1 2 (+ ) /kg。花生种子钙含量与供钙水平呈显著直线相关 ,其直接影响种子发芽率和出苗率。 95%以上的花生发芽率和出苗率分别要求种子钙含量不低于 2 35和 2

生长调节剂对五味子成花及产量的影响

室温条件下,叶面喷施5种不同生长调节剂研究其对五味子成花和产量的影响。结果表明:油菜素中低浓度处理均显著提高五味子总花数、雌花数和单株产量,以质量浓度为0.4 mg/L为最佳,总花数、雌花数及单株产量分别较对照提高了71.40%1、33.88%和79.01%,差异极显著;多效唑能显著提高五味子总花数,3个浓度处理均高于对照50%以上,差异显著。低浓度处理可促进雌花分化,提高雌花数和单株产量,而中、高浓度处理则抑制雌花的分化。

不同水分状况下化控对棉株蕾铃数和产量品质的影响

采用桶栽试验,研究不同水分状况下喷施2种植物生长调节剂——艾氟迪(AFD)和缩节胺(DPC)对棉花蕾铃数量、叶片叶绿素相对含量、籽棉产量、纤维品质的影响。结果表明,在本试验条件下,土壤含水量的高低是决定籽棉产量的重要因素,水分高则产量高。喷施调节剂后棉株叶绿素含量明显高于未喷施处理。喷施DPC对棉株蕾铃生长影响较小,土壤含水量较高时喷施DPC可使棉花增产,但纤维品质下降。喷施AFD对棉株蕾铃生长影响较大,使棉蕾铃数在生育期内的变化从大幅升降趋势变为先升后降的平缓趋势或缓慢上升趋势,对棉蕾开花成铃有显著促进作用,但抑制了新蕾生成,使得伏前桃产量明显增加,秋桃产量大幅下降,导致籽棉产量减少,棉花纤维品质略微改善。

棉花花铃期阶段结铃性的调查与分析

对聊城市棉花花铃期阶段结铃性进行调查与分析,可知:7月25日及其之前的单株铃数与上阶段单株蕾花数﹑总果节数均呈线性正相关显著或极显著,而8月5日及其之后的单株铃数与上阶段的单株蕾花数﹑总果节数呈正相关不显著﹑负相关不显著或基本无相关关系。

黄淮麦区小麦品种耐倒春寒相关性状的评价及关联分析

为对黄淮地区小麦耐倒春寒的相关性状进行评价和检测其优异等位变异,以107份黄淮麦区近十年来的主栽品种或正在参加区试的品系为研究对象,通过人工气候室对其耐倒春寒性状进行鉴定,并通过660KSNP芯片检测对其进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明,经过雌雄蕊分化期低温处理后,小麦的结实率显著降低,不育小花数显著增多,但低温处理的结实率和不育小花数均与对照差异不大;根据结实率耐受力(TSR)分布,耐倒春寒(TSR≥0.90)、中耐倒春寒(0.9>TSR≥0.70)和不耐倒春寒(TSR<0.70)的材料分别有44个、53个和10个,平均结实率耐受力分别为0.94、0.81和0.59。经关联分析共得到80个与耐倒春寒相关性状关联的位点,在小麦21条染色体上均有分布,单个位点的表型变异贡献率(R2)为16.61%～36.15%,其中6个位点在两个以上性状中被重复关联到。从这些位点中,得到多个与耐倒春寒相关性状相关的优异等位变异。如1B上AX-110630731的碱基G变异类型在低温处理下能使结实率提高7.00%,使不育小花数减少2.91个·穗-1,使结实率耐受力增加6.23%,但对照条件下并不影响这两个性状;3A上AX-110064042的T变异类型在低温处理下使不育小花数平均减少2.72个·穗-1,使结实率及其耐受力分别增加6.02%和5.60%。

Characterization and Identification of a Novel Mutant fon(t) on Floral Organ Number and Floral Organ Identity in Rice

The floral-organ-number mutant fon（t） was firstly discovered in the progeny of a cross between a diploid （Chunjiang 683） and a haploid （SARⅣ/-620-A） rice cultivar. The fon（t） mutant showed normal vegetative development and produced normal inflorescence structures. Difference between the mutant and the wild type was observed when the stamen primordia began to form. The mature flowers offon（t） mutant showed open-hull phenotypes, which resulted in the exposure of stamens and stigmas. Normally, a single fon（t） floret consisted of six to nine stamens and one or two pistils. In addition, stamen/pistil-like structures and bulged tissues near ovaries were also observed in a few fon（t） florets. But homeotic transformation of lodicules into palea/lemma-like organs was observed almost in all the open-hull florets. The phenotypes offon（t） flowers also suggested thatfon（t） gene might affect flower organ identity in the inner whorls. Genetic analysis showed that thefon（t） mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.

关于培育大穗型羊草品种提高种子产量的商榷

羊草Leymus chinensis结实粒数的多少是评价羊草有性繁殖的一个重要指标。根据羊草单穗结实数与小花数间极显著正相关的研究结果,提出了以选育单穗小花数多的大穗型羊草品种增加种子产量的思路。大穗型羊草品种具有枝繁叶茂的形态特征。

普通番茄与樱桃番茄杂交一代优势表现

对普通番茄与樱桃番茄杂交一代的单果重(X1),单株结果数(X2),单株花数(X3),座果率(X4),可溶性固形物(X5)和单株产量(X6)进行了杂种优势研究,结果表明:普通番茄与樱桃番茄杂种一代X6优势明显;X4和X5存在一定的杂种优势,但优势指数不大,X1、X2和X3多表现为负向优势。除X5外,其余5个性状的变异系数和变幅都较大,说明不同组合间优势表现差异大。显性度分析表明,6个性状显性度群体效应的大小顺序为X6>X4>X5>X2>X1>X3,X6和X4以正向显性效应为主,X1、X2、X3和X5主要以负向部分显性为主。

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Anthesis-Silking Interval and Yield Components Under Drought Stress in Maize

A genetic linkage map with 89 SSR marker loci was constructed based on a maize (Zea mays L.) population consisting of 184 F-2 individuals from the cross, Huangzao 4 X Ye 107. The 184 F-3 families were evaluated in the field under well-watered and drought-stressed regimes in Shanxi Province of China. The objectives of the study were to identify genetic segments responsible for the expression of anthesis-silking interval (ASI), ear setting and grain yield, and to examine if the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ASI or yield components can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve grain yield under drought conditions. Results showed that under well-watered and drought-stressed regimes, three and two QTLs involved in the expression of ASI were detected on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3, and 2 and 5, respectively. Under well-watered regime, two QTLs for ear setting were detected on chromosomes 3 and 6, explaining about 19.9% of the phenotypic variance, and displayed additive and partial dominant effects, respectively. Under drought-stressed condition, four QTLs for ear setting were detected on chromosomes 3, 7 and 10, which were responsible for interpreting 60.4% of the phenotypic variance, and showed dominant or partial dominant effects. Under well-watered condition, four QTLs controlling grain yield were identified on chromosomes 3, 6 and 7, while five QTLs were identified under drought stress on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 8. The gene action was of additive or partial dominant effects, and each QTL could explain 7.3% to 22.0% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Under drought conditions, ASI and ear setting percentage were highly correlated with grain yield, which can be used as secondary traits for grain yield selection. Based on linked markers detected and gene action analyzed, an MAS strategy for yield improvement under drought condition could be established, which consists of QTLs contributing to decreased ASI and to increased ear setting and grain yield, respectively.

A Method to Improve Photographing Function of Common Digital Camera to Small Flowers and Fruits

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to solve the problem of photographing small flowers and fruits with a common digital camera in field. [Method] Firstly, the photographic mode of a common digital camera was set as ＂macro＂ （or ＂soft snap＂ ） and ＂flash off＂. Secondly, the small flower or fruit was magnified with a magnifying glass, and then the magnified flower or fruit was automatically focused with the digital camera lens. After automatic focusing, the shutter button was pressed and the photograph finished. [Result] With this method, the clear inflo- rescence or floral photographs of Eragrostis pilosa （ Gramineae ） , Bidens biternata （Compositae） and Tribulus terrester （Zygophllaceae） were obtained in field. [ Conclusion] The optical system of a digital camera has been changed by the magnifying glass, which improves the photographic function of a common digital camera to small flowers and fruits, and also easily gets their clear photographs.

不同品种类型芝麻品质性状的比较分析

为全面分析不同品种类型芝麻的品质性状及其与重要农艺性状间的关系,筛选294个代表性芝麻品种资源,通过多点种植和测定籽粒脂肪、蛋白质、芝麻素和芝麻林素含量,对不同品种类型芝麻的品质性状进行了差异比较,并对品质性状之间和品质性状与农艺性状的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,294个芝麻品种脂肪、蛋白质、芝麻素和芝麻林素平均含量分别为52.77%、20.41%、3.10 mg/g和1.92 mg/g。不同株型芝麻,单秆型品种脂肪、芝麻素含量极显著高于分枝型品种,蛋白质含量显著低于分枝型品种,芝麻林素含量差异不显著;不同叶腋花数芝麻,单花型品种脂肪、芝麻素含量极显著低于三花型品种,蛋白质含量极显著高于三花型品种,芝麻林素含量显著低于三花型品种。不同品种芝麻脂肪含量与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,与芝麻素、芝麻林素含量呈极显著正相关;蛋白质含量与芝麻素、芝麻林素含量呈极显著负相关;芝麻素与芝麻林素含量呈极显著正相关;脂肪含量与生育期、籽粒颜色L*值、b*值呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒长度、宽度、长宽比和籽粒颜色a*值呈极显著负相关;蛋白质含量与千粒重、籽粒长度、籽粒宽度、籽粒长宽比呈极显著正相关,与生育期、籽粒颜色L*值及b*值呈极显著负相关,与籽粒颜色a*值相关性不显著;芝麻素含量与生育期呈显著正相关,与籽粒长宽比、籽粒颜色L*值及b*值呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒长度呈极显著负相关,与籽粒宽度、颜色a*值相关性不显著;芝麻林素含量与生育期、籽粒颜色a*值及b*值呈极显著正相关,与千粒重、籽粒长度、籽粒宽度呈极显著负相关,与籽粒长宽比、籽粒颜色L*值相关性不显著。

Pollen Mother Cell Miosis and Male Gametophyte Development of Pumpkin

[Objective] Pollen mother cell miosis and male gametophyte development of pumpkin were observed in this study, to provide some cytological basis for pumpkin anther or microspore culture. [Method] Ehrlich＇s hematoxylin staining-methyl salicylate clearing technique was used for observation and research of the variation of cell structure and chromosomal behavior during pollen mother cell miosis and male gametophyte development of ‘Tianhong＇ pumpkin. [Result] The meiosis in pollen moth- er cells of pumpkin was simultaneous cytokinesis. In the process of nuclear division, nuclear membrane and nucleolus of pumpkin pollen mother cells gradually disappeared in the metaphase I and reappeared in telophase I , phragmoplast formed between the two generated crescent-shaped nuclei without cell wall, the phragmoplast gradually disappeared in the metaphase II and reappeared in telophase II. Phragmoplast spread outward from the center of spindle during the second division was connected with that formed on the central interface of two nuclei during the first division, cell wall of microspores generated from periphery to center. Most of the tetrads contained four sub-cells while a few contained extra small cells. During the period of uniuclete microspore at periphery, the single nucleolus split into 2-3 or more small nucleoli, mature pollen grain was two-celled. Mononucleate pollen cells were mostly appeared in the flower buds with length of 1.0-2.0 cm, which could be used as an important indicator to collect materials for anther or microspore culture. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for research of the cytogenetics of pumpkin.

Numerical modeling of seabed morphological effects from the construction of artificial islands in Danzhou, Hainan

Haihua Islands is a large artificial island in Danzhou, Hainan. The construction of Haihua Islands changes the hYdrodynamic environment of Yangpu waters, and further affects its morphological change. Delft3D is used to set up a two dimensional nested hydrodynamic and sediment model for Yangpu waters in this paper, and this paper focuses on simulating the velocity and morphological change due to the construction of Haihua Islands after the verification of the model. The seabed deposition is small because of low suspended sediment concentration and less sand source near Yangpu waters. The bed level erodes in the south area of Xiaochan Reef and the Yangpu channel due to the velocity increase in the area.

In vitro Rapid Propagation of Ficus carica L.‘Masui Dauphine’

In this study, Ficus carica L. ‘Masui Dauphine＇ was used as the experi- mental material to investigate the effects of explant type, basal medium, hormone types and concentrations on in vitro rapid propagation of‘Masui Dauphine＇. Accord- ing to the results, the most suitable explants for in vitro rapid propagation of ‘Masui Dauphine＇ were axillary buds and the best medium was modified MS ＋ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0. 05 mg/L NAA ＋ 1.0 mg/L GA3 ＋ 20 mg/L sucrose ＋ 7 mg/L agar, pH 5.8. This study provided scientific basis for barge-scale cultivation of‘Masui Dauphine ＇.