The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivisio...The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.展开更多
For studying the carbon thermal reduction rules of titanium in hot metal and providing a theoretical basis for the blast furnace（BF） hearth protection, the distribution behavior of titanium between low-titanium slag...For studying the carbon thermal reduction rules of titanium in hot metal and providing a theoretical basis for the blast furnace（BF） hearth protection, the distribution behavior of titanium between low-titanium slag system of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 and hot metal was studied using analytical reagents in a temperature range from 1350 °C to 1600 °C. Through high temperature melting, rapid quenching, chemical analysis and thermodynamic model calculating, the results showed that the increase of reaction temperature, which improved the titanium distribution L（Ti） and lowered the system activity coefficient γsys, leads to the rise of equilibrium constant. Combined with Wagner and congregated electron phase models, the data obtained in distribution experiments were used to fit out the Gibbs free energy formula of titanium carbothermic reduction. Finally, the relations between the contents of Si and Ti in hot metal and the titanium load to reach the minimum w（Ti） for the formation of Ti C were given.展开更多
Distortion analysis of SOI MOS transistor is presented.By the power series method,the distortion behaviors of FD (fully depleted) and RC (recessed channel) SOI MOS transistor configurations are investigated.It is show...Distortion analysis of SOI MOS transistor is presented.By the power series method,the distortion behaviors of FD (fully depleted) and RC (recessed channel) SOI MOS transistor configurations are investigated.It is shown that the distortion figures deteriorate with the scaling down of channel length,and the RC SOI device shows better distortion performance than the FD SOI device.At the same time,the experimental data show that the ineffective body contact can lead to an increase of the harmonic amplitude due to the bulk resistance.The presented results give an intuitive knowledge for the design of low distortion mixed signal integrated system.展开更多
The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,with its population in Xinjiang largely found in the Kunlun and Altun mountain regions.A survey of the distribution,popula...The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,with its population in Xinjiang largely found in the Kunlun and Altun mountain regions.A survey of the distribution,population dynamics,flock size and behavior was conducted in Altun Mountain National Natural Reserve from September to November 2011.We investigated the size and distribution of its population in this area with a sample spot survey and by direct counting.We found Black-necked Cranes on the wetlands of Wuzunxiaoer,Yusup Aleksei,Yaziquan,Qimantag,Tula Ranch and elsewhere,where we recorded 126 individual birds of the species in Yixiekepati (37° 15′-37°23′N,90°11′-90°20′E,elevation 3903 m),the largest population we have observed in this area.In the reserve,the population consists of about 180-200 birds.Combined with previous records,we conclude that more than 260 Black-necked Cranes live in Xinjiang.Cranes gathered conspicuously in the middle of October where the highest number of birds appeared on 29 October.All of the cranes had migrated out of this area by 6 November.Time budgets and diurnal behavior rhythms of Blacknecked Cranes were observed in the Yixiekepati wetland at daylight (from 06:00 to 18:00).Foraging was the most prevalent type of behavior during the autumn period,accounting for 58.9％ of the diurnal time budget,followed by preening (13.2％),vigilance (9.5％),walking (8.2％),flying (3.5％),resting (3.4％),chirping (2.7％) and other types of behavior (0.6％).展开更多
A DC DC buck converter c on trolled by naturally sampled, constant frequency PWM is considered. The existe nce of chaotic solutions and the output performance of the system under differen t circuit parameters are s...A DC DC buck converter c on trolled by naturally sampled, constant frequency PWM is considered. The existe nce of chaotic solutions and the output performance of the system under differen t circuit parameters are studied. The transforming pattern of system behavior fr om steady state to chaotic is discovered by the cascades of period doubling bi furcation and the cascades of periodic orbit in V I phase space. Accordingl y, it is validated that change of values of the circuit parameters may lead DC DC converter to chaotic motion. Performances of the output ripples fro m steady state to chaotic are analyzed in time and frequency domains respective ly. Some important conclusions are helpful for opt imization design of DC DC converter.展开更多
In order to evaluate the accumulative of tensile strain in the process of fatigue failure, the digital image correlation（DIC） method was utilized to characterize the tensile strain development of asphalt mixtures in...In order to evaluate the accumulative of tensile strain in the process of fatigue failure, the digital image correlation（DIC） method was utilized to characterize the tensile strain development of asphalt mixtures in the indirect tensile（IDT）fatigue test. Three typical hot mix asphalt（HMA） mixtures with varying nominal maximum aggregate sizes were tested at four stress levels. During the tests, a digital camera was mounted to capture the displacement/strain fields on the surface of the specimen by recording the real-time change of speckle position. The results indicate that the vertical deformation curve can barely evaluate the fatigue performance accurately due to the non-negligible local deflection near the loading point. However, based on the analysis of strain fields,the optimal fatigue cracking zone is determined as a 40mm×40mm rectangle in the middle of the specimens. Also, a reasonable fatigue model based on the tensile strain curves calculated by DIC is proposed to predict the fatigue lives of asphalt mixtures.展开更多
To improve the understanding of coupling effect between dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behaviors and flow behaviors of as-cast AlCu4 SiMg, a finite element(FE) simulation equipped with the models of DRX evolution was i...To improve the understanding of coupling effect between dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behaviors and flow behaviors of as-cast AlCu4 SiMg, a finite element(FE) simulation equipped with the models of DRX evolution was implemented. A series of isothermal compression tests were performed primarily on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator in a temperature range of 648-748 K and a strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1.According to the measured true stress-strain data,the strain hardening rate curves(dσ/dε versus σ) were plotted to identify the critical strains for DRX initiation(εc). By further derivation of the related material constants, the DRX volume fraction equation and the strain for 50% DRX(ε0.5) equation were solved. Accordingly, the aforementioned DRX equations were implanted into the FE model to conduct a series of simulations for the isothermal compression tests. The results show that during the evolution of DRX volume fraction at a fixed strain rate, the strain required for the same amount of DRX volume fraction increases with decreasing temperature. In contrast, at a fixed temperature, it increases with increasing strain rate. Ultimately, the DRX kinetics model of AlCu4 SiMg alloy and the consequence of the FE analysis were validated by microstructure observations.展开更多
The paper reports the effects of surface fractal structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of raw brown coal and three modified coal water slurries （CWSs）. The results show that the fractal stru...The paper reports the effects of surface fractal structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of raw brown coal and three modified coal water slurries （CWSs）. The results show that the fractal structures and physicochemical properties of samples are dependent on various modification processes. The apparent viscosities of the coal water slurries increase with increasing surface fractal dimensions （D）, especially with decreasing shear rates. Fur- thermore, it has been proved that the ignition temperatures and apparent activation energies of modified CWSs are lower than that of raw coal water slurry. Compared with the traditional qualitative analysis of the effect of pore structures on CWSs properties, D can more efficiently indicate the quantificational effect of pore structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of CWSs.展开更多
Behaviour detection models based on automata have been studied widely. By add- ing edge ε, the local automata are combined into global automata to describe and detect soft- ware behaviour. However, these methods in- ...Behaviour detection models based on automata have been studied widely. By add- ing edge ε, the local automata are combined into global automata to describe and detect soft- ware behaviour. However, these methods in- troduce nondeterminacy, leading to models that are imprecise or inefficient. We present a model of software Behaviour Detection based on Process Algebra and system call （BDPA）. In this model, a system call is mapped into an action, and a function is mapped into a process We construct a process expression for each function to describe its behaviour. Without con- strutting automata or introducing nondeter- minacy, we use algebraic properties and algo- rithms to obtain a global process expression by combining the process expressions derived from each function. Behaviour detection rules and methods based on BDPA are determined by equivalence theory. Experiments demon- strate that the BDPA model has better preci- sion and efficiency than traditional methods.展开更多
Background Little is known about the association between type D personality and self-care behaviors in heart failure （HF） patients. We examined the effect of type D personality on self-care behaviors and self-effica...Background Little is known about the association between type D personality and self-care behaviors in heart failure （HF） patients. We examined the effect of type D personality on self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among Chinese HF patients. Methods A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted. All participants completed the questionnaires of the self-care of HF index （V6） and type D personality scale. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from medical records and patient interviews. The me- thods used for data analysis included descriptive analysis, independent-sample t-test, Z2 test, and multiple linear regression. Results A total of 127 HF patients were included and 61.4% of them were male. The average age for this study sample was 64.9± 12.34 years. The majority of the participants were in a New York Heart Association class III or IV （87%）, and the average length of living with HF was 38.24 ± 41.1 months. A total of 33.1% of the participants were identified as having type D personality. No significant differences were determined in the demographic and clinical variables between type D and non-type D patients, except for the mean age and the length of living with HF. Type D patients were younger and had a shorter time of living with HF than their non-type D counterparts. Multiple regression demonstrated significant associations between type D personality and self-care maintenance and self-efficacy after adjusting the demographic and clinical factors. However, type D personality was not significantly associated with self-care management behaviors. Conclusions Type D personality was negatively related to self-care maintenance and self-efficacy in Chinese HF patients. Future study is warranted to develop a tailored intervention to improve engagement in self-care behaviors in HF patients with type D personality.展开更多
We investigate the heat generation induced by electrical current in a normal-metal-molecular quantum dot-superconductor （NDS） system. By using nonequilibrium Green＇s function method, the heat generation Q is derive...We investigate the heat generation induced by electrical current in a normal-metal-molecular quantum dot-superconductor （NDS） system. By using nonequilibrium Green＇s function method, the heat generation Q is derived and studied in detail. The superconducting lead influences the heat generation significantly. An obvious step appears in Q - eV characteristics and the iocation of this step is related with the phonon frequency ωo. The heat generations exhibit very different behaviour in the condition eV 〈 △ and eV 〉 △ due to different tunneling mechanism. From the study of Q - eVg curves, there is an extra peak as eV 〉 △. The difference in this two cases is also shown in Q - ωo curve, an extra peak emerges as eV 〉 △.展开更多
文摘The behavior of wheat-rye translocation chromosome and alien chromosome including Thinopyrum and Haynaldia chromosome at meiosis was investigated in two hybrids by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Misdivision of translocation chromosome at anaphase I and rye chromatin micronucleus at tetrad stage were observed, A plant with one normal 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and one 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome deleted about 1/3 of rye chromosome arm in length was identified. One plant with wheat-Thinopyrum non-Robertson translocation chromosome was also detected in the F-2 population of Yi4212 x Yi4095. That could be the results of unequal misdivision of wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum chromosome during meiosis. No interaction between translocation chromosome and alien chromosome at meiosis was supported by the data of the distribution frequencies of translocation chromosome and Thinopyrum or Haynaldia chromosome in the progeny of two hybrids. The results may be useful to cultivate new germplasms with different length of rye 1R short arm and wheat-alien non-Robertson translocation tines under wheat background.
基金Project(2012CB720401)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2011BAC01B02)supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China
文摘For studying the carbon thermal reduction rules of titanium in hot metal and providing a theoretical basis for the blast furnace（BF） hearth protection, the distribution behavior of titanium between low-titanium slag system of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 and hot metal was studied using analytical reagents in a temperature range from 1350 °C to 1600 °C. Through high temperature melting, rapid quenching, chemical analysis and thermodynamic model calculating, the results showed that the increase of reaction temperature, which improved the titanium distribution L（Ti） and lowered the system activity coefficient γsys, leads to the rise of equilibrium constant. Combined with Wagner and congregated electron phase models, the data obtained in distribution experiments were used to fit out the Gibbs free energy formula of titanium carbothermic reduction. Finally, the relations between the contents of Si and Ti in hot metal and the titanium load to reach the minimum w（Ti） for the formation of Ti C were given.
文摘Distortion analysis of SOI MOS transistor is presented.By the power series method,the distortion behaviors of FD (fully depleted) and RC (recessed channel) SOI MOS transistor configurations are investigated.It is shown that the distortion figures deteriorate with the scaling down of channel length,and the RC SOI device shows better distortion performance than the FD SOI device.At the same time,the experimental data show that the ineffective body contact can lead to an increase of the harmonic amplitude due to the bulk resistance.The presented results give an intuitive knowledge for the design of low distortion mixed signal integrated system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31272291,30970340)the Hong Kong Bird Watching Society China Conservation Fund and the Management Bureau of Altun Mountain Natural Reserve
文摘The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,with its population in Xinjiang largely found in the Kunlun and Altun mountain regions.A survey of the distribution,population dynamics,flock size and behavior was conducted in Altun Mountain National Natural Reserve from September to November 2011.We investigated the size and distribution of its population in this area with a sample spot survey and by direct counting.We found Black-necked Cranes on the wetlands of Wuzunxiaoer,Yusup Aleksei,Yaziquan,Qimantag,Tula Ranch and elsewhere,where we recorded 126 individual birds of the species in Yixiekepati (37° 15′-37°23′N,90°11′-90°20′E,elevation 3903 m),the largest population we have observed in this area.In the reserve,the population consists of about 180-200 birds.Combined with previous records,we conclude that more than 260 Black-necked Cranes live in Xinjiang.Cranes gathered conspicuously in the middle of October where the highest number of birds appeared on 29 October.All of the cranes had migrated out of this area by 6 November.Time budgets and diurnal behavior rhythms of Blacknecked Cranes were observed in the Yixiekepati wetland at daylight (from 06:00 to 18:00).Foraging was the most prevalent type of behavior during the autumn period,accounting for 58.9％ of the diurnal time budget,followed by preening (13.2％),vigilance (9.5％),walking (8.2％),flying (3.5％),resting (3.4％),chirping (2.7％) and other types of behavior (0.6％).
文摘A DC DC buck converter c on trolled by naturally sampled, constant frequency PWM is considered. The existe nce of chaotic solutions and the output performance of the system under differen t circuit parameters are studied. The transforming pattern of system behavior fr om steady state to chaotic is discovered by the cascades of period doubling bi furcation and the cascades of periodic orbit in V I phase space. Accordingl y, it is validated that change of values of the circuit parameters may lead DC DC converter to chaotic motion. Performances of the output ripples fro m steady state to chaotic are analyzed in time and frequency domains respective ly. Some important conclusions are helpful for opt imization design of DC DC converter.
文摘In order to evaluate the accumulative of tensile strain in the process of fatigue failure, the digital image correlation（DIC） method was utilized to characterize the tensile strain development of asphalt mixtures in the indirect tensile（IDT）fatigue test. Three typical hot mix asphalt（HMA） mixtures with varying nominal maximum aggregate sizes were tested at four stress levels. During the tests, a digital camera was mounted to capture the displacement/strain fields on the surface of the specimen by recording the real-time change of speckle position. The results indicate that the vertical deformation curve can barely evaluate the fatigue performance accurately due to the non-negligible local deflection near the loading point. However, based on the analysis of strain fields,the optimal fatigue cracking zone is determined as a 40mm×40mm rectangle in the middle of the specimens. Also, a reasonable fatigue model based on the tensile strain curves calculated by DIC is proposed to predict the fatigue lives of asphalt mixtures.
基金Project(cstc2016jcyjA0335)supported by Chongqing Foundation and Frontier Research,ChinaProject(P2017-020)supported by Open Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,China
文摘To improve the understanding of coupling effect between dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behaviors and flow behaviors of as-cast AlCu4 SiMg, a finite element(FE) simulation equipped with the models of DRX evolution was implemented. A series of isothermal compression tests were performed primarily on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator in a temperature range of 648-748 K and a strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1.According to the measured true stress-strain data,the strain hardening rate curves(dσ/dε versus σ) were plotted to identify the critical strains for DRX initiation(εc). By further derivation of the related material constants, the DRX volume fraction equation and the strain for 50% DRX(ε0.5) equation were solved. Accordingly, the aforementioned DRX equations were implanted into the FE model to conduct a series of simulations for the isothermal compression tests. The results show that during the evolution of DRX volume fraction at a fixed strain rate, the strain required for the same amount of DRX volume fraction increases with decreasing temperature. In contrast, at a fixed temperature, it increases with increasing strain rate. Ultimately, the DRX kinetics model of AlCu4 SiMg alloy and the consequence of the FE analysis were validated by microstructure observations.
文摘The paper reports the effects of surface fractal structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of raw brown coal and three modified coal water slurries （CWSs）. The results show that the fractal structures and physicochemical properties of samples are dependent on various modification processes. The apparent viscosities of the coal water slurries increase with increasing surface fractal dimensions （D）, especially with decreasing shear rates. Fur- thermore, it has been proved that the ignition temperatures and apparent activation energies of modified CWSs are lower than that of raw coal water slurry. Compared with the traditional qualitative analysis of the effect of pore structures on CWSs properties, D can more efficiently indicate the quantificational effect of pore structures on the rheological behavior and combustion kinetics of CWSs.
基金supported by the Fund of National Natural Science Project under Grant No.61272125the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.20121333110014the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.F2011203234
文摘Behaviour detection models based on automata have been studied widely. By add- ing edge ε, the local automata are combined into global automata to describe and detect soft- ware behaviour. However, these methods in- troduce nondeterminacy, leading to models that are imprecise or inefficient. We present a model of software Behaviour Detection based on Process Algebra and system call （BDPA）. In this model, a system call is mapped into an action, and a function is mapped into a process We construct a process expression for each function to describe its behaviour. Without con- strutting automata or introducing nondeter- minacy, we use algebraic properties and algo- rithms to obtain a global process expression by combining the process expressions derived from each function. Behaviour detection rules and methods based on BDPA are determined by equivalence theory. Experiments demon- strate that the BDPA model has better preci- sion and efficiency than traditional methods.
文摘Background Little is known about the association between type D personality and self-care behaviors in heart failure （HF） patients. We examined the effect of type D personality on self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among Chinese HF patients. Methods A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted. All participants completed the questionnaires of the self-care of HF index （V6） and type D personality scale. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from medical records and patient interviews. The me- thods used for data analysis included descriptive analysis, independent-sample t-test, Z2 test, and multiple linear regression. Results A total of 127 HF patients were included and 61.4% of them were male. The average age for this study sample was 64.9± 12.34 years. The majority of the participants were in a New York Heart Association class III or IV （87%）, and the average length of living with HF was 38.24 ± 41.1 months. A total of 33.1% of the participants were identified as having type D personality. No significant differences were determined in the demographic and clinical variables between type D and non-type D patients, except for the mean age and the length of living with HF. Type D patients were younger and had a shorter time of living with HF than their non-type D counterparts. Multiple regression demonstrated significant associations between type D personality and self-care maintenance and self-efficacy after adjusting the demographic and clinical factors. However, type D personality was not significantly associated with self-care management behaviors. Conclusions Type D personality was negatively related to self-care maintenance and self-efficacy in Chinese HF patients. Future study is warranted to develop a tailored intervention to improve engagement in self-care behaviors in HF patients with type D personality.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant No. 10B022Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11JJ4005
文摘We investigate the heat generation induced by electrical current in a normal-metal-molecular quantum dot-superconductor （NDS） system. By using nonequilibrium Green＇s function method, the heat generation Q is derived and studied in detail. The superconducting lead influences the heat generation significantly. An obvious step appears in Q - eV characteristics and the iocation of this step is related with the phonon frequency ωo. The heat generations exhibit very different behaviour in the condition eV 〈 △ and eV 〉 △ due to different tunneling mechanism. From the study of Q - eVg curves, there is an extra peak as eV 〉 △. The difference in this two cases is also shown in Q - ωo curve, an extra peak emerges as eV 〉 △.
