In this paper, we give the most general duality gates, or generalized quantum gates in duality quantum computers. Here we show by explicit construction that a n-bit duality quantum computer with d slits can be simulat...In this paper, we give the most general duality gates, or generalized quantum gates in duality quantum computers. Here we show by explicit construction that a n-bit duality quantum computer with d slits can be simulated perfectly with an ordinary quantum computer with n qubits and one auxiliary qudit. Using this model, we give the most general form of duality gates which is of the form ∑i=0^d-1piUi,and the pi ＇s are complex numbers with module less or equal to 1 and constrained by｜∑iPi｜≤1.展开更多
在Web服务器市场,尽管Apache Web Server和Microsoft IIS占据了全球绝大部分互联网网站,但是仍然有很多颇受欢迎的轻量级Web Server,例如lighttpd,litespeed,nginx,thttpd,boa,TUX等等,它们向你展示了一个多姿多彩的Web服务器世界,能够...在Web服务器市场,尽管Apache Web Server和Microsoft IIS占据了全球绝大部分互联网网站,但是仍然有很多颇受欢迎的轻量级Web Server,例如lighttpd,litespeed,nginx,thttpd,boa,TUX等等,它们向你展示了一个多姿多彩的Web服务器世界,能够给你带来Apache/IIS所无法带来的功能和魅力。本期"工具"栏目将为您介绍几种常用轻量级Web服务器,并对它们的性能及使用范围进行横向比较与分析,希望能够帮助读者朋友在众多的轻量级Web服务器中,挑选出最适合的。展开更多
During the last decade, a great deal of activity has been devoted to the calculation of the HilbertPoincar′e series of unitary highest weight representations and related modules in algebraic geometry. However,uniform...During the last decade, a great deal of activity has been devoted to the calculation of the HilbertPoincar′e series of unitary highest weight representations and related modules in algebraic geometry. However,uniform formulas remain elusive—even for more basic invariants such as the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension or the Bernstein degree, and are usually limited to families of representations in a dual pair setting. We use earlier work by Joseph to provide an elementary and intrinsic proof of a uniform formula for the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of an arbitrary unitary highest weight module in terms of its highest weight. The formula generalizes a result of Enright and Willenbring(in the dual pair setting) and is inspired by Wang's formula for the dimension of a minimal nilpotent orbit.展开更多
We show that two module homomorphisms for groups and Lie algebras established by Xi(2012)can be generalized to the setting of quasi-triangular Hopf algebras.These module homomorphisms played a key role in his proof of...We show that two module homomorphisms for groups and Lie algebras established by Xi(2012)can be generalized to the setting of quasi-triangular Hopf algebras.These module homomorphisms played a key role in his proof of a conjecture of Yau(1998).They will also be useful in the problem of decomposition of tensor products of modules.Additionally,we give another generalization of result of Xi(2012)in terms of Chevalley-Eilenberg complex.展开更多
For any complex parameters a and b,W(a,b)is the Lie algebra with basis{Li,Wi|i∈Z}and relations[Li,Lj]=(j i)Li+j,[Li,Wj]=(a+j+bi)Wi+j,[Wi,Wj]=0.In this paper,indecomposable modules of the intermediate series over W(a,...For any complex parameters a and b,W(a,b)is the Lie algebra with basis{Li,Wi|i∈Z}and relations[Li,Lj]=(j i)Li+j,[Li,Wj]=(a+j+bi)Wi+j,[Wi,Wj]=0.In this paper,indecomposable modules of the intermediate series over W(a,b)are classified.It is also proved that an irreducible Harish-Chandra W(a,b)-module is either a highest/lowest weight module or a uniformly bounded module.Furthermore,if a∈/Q,an irreducible weight W(a,b)-module is simply a Vir-module with trivial actions of Wk’s.展开更多
Given a suitable ordering of the positive root system associated with a semisimple Lie algebra,there exists a natural correspondence between Verma modules and related polynomial algebras. With this, the Lie algebra ac...Given a suitable ordering of the positive root system associated with a semisimple Lie algebra,there exists a natural correspondence between Verma modules and related polynomial algebras. With this, the Lie algebra action on a Verma module can be interpreted as a differential operator action on polynomials, and thus on the corresponding truncated formal power series. We prove that the space of truncated formal power series gives a differential-operator representation of the Weyl group W. We also introduce a system of partial differential equations to investigate singular vectors in the Verma module. It is shown that the solution space of the system in the space of truncated formal power series is the span of {w(1) | w ∈ W }. Those w(1) that are polynomials correspond to singular vectors in the Verma module. This elementary approach by partial differential equations also gives a new proof of the well-known BGG-Verma theorem.展开更多
基金supported by the National Fundamental Research Program Grant Nos.2006CB921106, 2009CB929042National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10874098, 10775076, and 60433050
文摘In this paper, we give the most general duality gates, or generalized quantum gates in duality quantum computers. Here we show by explicit construction that a n-bit duality quantum computer with d slits can be simulated perfectly with an ordinary quantum computer with n qubits and one auxiliary qudit. Using this model, we give the most general form of duality gates which is of the form ∑i=0^d-1piUi,and the pi ＇s are complex numbers with module less or equal to 1 and constrained by｜∑iPi｜≤1.
文摘在Web服务器市场,尽管Apache Web Server和Microsoft IIS占据了全球绝大部分互联网网站,但是仍然有很多颇受欢迎的轻量级Web Server,例如lighttpd,litespeed,nginx,thttpd,boa,TUX等等,它们向你展示了一个多姿多彩的Web服务器世界,能够给你带来Apache/IIS所无法带来的功能和魅力。本期"工具"栏目将为您介绍几种常用轻量级Web服务器,并对它们的性能及使用范围进行横向比较与分析,希望能够帮助读者朋友在众多的轻量级Web服务器中,挑选出最适合的。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11171324)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council under RGC Project(Grant No.60311)the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology under DAG S09/10.SC02.
文摘During the last decade, a great deal of activity has been devoted to the calculation of the HilbertPoincar′e series of unitary highest weight representations and related modules in algebraic geometry. However,uniform formulas remain elusive—even for more basic invariants such as the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension or the Bernstein degree, and are usually limited to families of representations in a dual pair setting. We use earlier work by Joseph to provide an elementary and intrinsic proof of a uniform formula for the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of an arbitrary unitary highest weight module in terms of its highest weight. The formula generalizes a result of Enright and Willenbring(in the dual pair setting) and is inspired by Wang's formula for the dimension of a minimal nilpotent orbit.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11501546)
文摘We show that two module homomorphisms for groups and Lie algebras established by Xi(2012)can be generalized to the setting of quasi-triangular Hopf algebras.These module homomorphisms played a key role in his proof of a conjecture of Yau(1998).They will also be useful in the problem of decomposition of tensor products of modules.Additionally,we give another generalization of result of Xi(2012)in terms of Chevalley-Eilenberg complex.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11371287,11301130,11001200 and 11101269)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.12XD1405000)
文摘For any complex parameters a and b,W(a,b)is the Lie algebra with basis{Li,Wi|i∈Z}and relations[Li,Lj]=(j i)Li+j,[Li,Wj]=(a+j+bi)Wi+j,[Wi,Wj]=0.In this paper,indecomposable modules of the intermediate series over W(a,b)are classified.It is also proved that an irreducible Harish-Chandra W(a,b)-module is either a highest/lowest weight module or a uniformly bounded module.Furthermore,if a∈/Q,an irreducible weight W(a,b)-module is simply a Vir-module with trivial actions of Wk’s.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11326059)
文摘Given a suitable ordering of the positive root system associated with a semisimple Lie algebra,there exists a natural correspondence between Verma modules and related polynomial algebras. With this, the Lie algebra action on a Verma module can be interpreted as a differential operator action on polynomials, and thus on the corresponding truncated formal power series. We prove that the space of truncated formal power series gives a differential-operator representation of the Weyl group W. We also introduce a system of partial differential equations to investigate singular vectors in the Verma module. It is shown that the solution space of the system in the space of truncated formal power series is the span of {w(1) | w ∈ W }. Those w(1) that are polynomials correspond to singular vectors in the Verma module. This elementary approach by partial differential equations also gives a new proof of the well-known BGG-Verma theorem.
