粮仓粮食数量监测技术研究现状与展望

数量真实是保障国家粮食安全的重要组成部分,对粮食库存数量的监管也影响着国家粮食安全。但是,由于粮食存储点多、面广,监管难度较大,“转圈粮”、擅自动用、未轮报轮等涉及粮食库存数量的违法违规案件时有发生,因此需要加强粮食监管,以避免此类事件发生。近年来,随着科技快速发展,粮仓粮食数量监测的相关技术不断涌现,并在保障国家粮食安全方面发挥了显著作用。文章主要针对压力传感器、三维激光扫描、超声波、雷达、图像处理等技术,阐述了这几种粮仓粮食数量监测技术的主要原理和优缺点,并对粮仓粮食数量监测技术领域存在的问题和未来应用研究趋势进行了展望。

浙江省珍稀濒危植物细果秤锤树的种群数量监测报告

为了解浙江省特产珍稀植物细果秤锤树Sinojackia microcarpa的种群数量变化情况,对其个体数量进行监测并报道。通过对浙江省临安市和建德市分布地实地直接计数法调查表明,该种目前资源总量为235株,其中临安市12株,建德市223株,比2000年调查数据减少了817株。导致种群个体下降原因有4个:①树种本身可能存在生殖缺陷;②人为破坏;③2次调查方法不同造成的差异;④植被变化。提出了对细果秤锤树进行保护、研究及开发利用的建议,同时还对该种形态特征的原始记录作了补充和订正。

黄河三角洲水鸟多样性调查及种群数量监测

2014年1月-12月,采用样点法对黄河三角洲黄河口管理站周边地区的水鸟组成和数量进行了全年监测。本次调查共记录到水鸟11目15科45种。其中国家I级重点保护鸟类6种,分别为丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、白枕鹤(Grus vipio)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和大鸨(Otis tarda);国家II级重点保护鸟类8种,如灰鹤(Grus grus)、白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)、大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)、小杓鹬(Numenius minutus)、卷羽鹈鹕(Pelecanus crispus)、疣鼻天鹅(Cygnus olor)等。优势物种有7种,分别为灰雁(Anser anser)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)、普通海鸥(Larus canus)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynhos)、翘鼻麻鸭(Tadorna tadorna)和灰鹤等。从居留型,冬候鸟和旅鸟最多,分别占鸟类物种总数的24.44%和35.56%。从区系型组成,古北界种最多,占48.89%;其次为广布种,占42.22%。不同季节鸟类多样性存在显著变化,春、秋季鸟类多样性较高,夏季和冬季鸟类多样性较低。经过调查监测发现,黄河三角洲黄河口管理站周边环境保护较好,生境类型多样,鸟类组成分丰富,数量庞大,但仍需要进一步加强周边生态环境的治理,为鸟类提供一个良好的栖息环境。

不同环境温度下的大肠杆菌数量监测及生存机制研究

应用荧光染色和传统的培养法对不同温度下的大肠杆菌数量进行了监测。结果表明:随着时间的延长,传统培养法的监测结果逐步变小,直到为零,进入了非可培养状态。这种情况在温度为25℃下时尤其明显。而采用荧光染色法的实验结果相差不大,较准确地反映了客观情况。

电压暂降系统指标的监测节点数量选择与评估方法

准确评估电压暂降水平是理解与改善电压暂降问题的前提。虽然IEEE Std 1564—2014标准已为电压暂降系统指标的计算提供了建议,但考虑实际电网无法在所有节点均安装监测装置,如何确定其数量并提出适用于不均匀数据的评估方法是尚未解决的难题。为此,针对监测节点数量与抽样方法的确定展开研究。考虑实际电网监测数据存在分布不均匀的问题,提出一种改进的密度偏差抽样方法。基于误差幅度指标,建立满足不同给定误差要求下的监测节点数量解析式。基于监测节点样本数据,采用均值方法计算得到系统指标的估计值。IEEE 118节点系统的仿真结果表明,所提方法既能够在抽样过程中保留原始监测数据的电压暂降信息,又能基于给定误差得到评估所需监测节点数量的估算值;相比于现有系统指标评估方法,所提评估方法具有更小的估计误差。

土地资源数量质量生态监测指标体系研究

当前,国土资源管理正在从数量管控向质量管理和生态管护方向发展。为了配合国土资源部野外科学观测研究基地建设、获取关键科学现象和科学数据,提出建立土地资源数量质量生态监测指标体系。土地资源数量质量生态监测指标体系可分为9部分监测内容,即土地利用变化、土壤属性、作物长势、土壤污染和盐渍化、土地利用集约度、农用地流转、土地生态状况、基于地块的土地质量调查和土地退化监测,合计35个指标。指标体系结构包括监测内容、监测指标、数据来源与监测方法、监测尺度(区域、地块和样点)和监测周期。该指标体系能够配合国土资源部开展野外科研基地建设,满足基地开展长期综合监测和数据管理的需要。下一步需要从体现区域差异性和行业特色的角度进一步完善指标,并发展土地资源数量质量生态综合评价技术方法。

数量化脑电图监测在老年病人全身麻醉中的应用

目的 :探讨数量化脑电图监测在老年患者全身麻醉 (全麻 )中使用的特点和优势。方法 :选择 4 0例 ASA分级 1级择期手术的老年病人 ,其中观察组 (A)和对照组 (B)各 2 0例。观察组使用脑电图监测仪监测双谱指数 (BIS)、边缘频率 (SEF) ,依据BIS和 SEF判断麻醉深度 ,B组依据临床体征判断麻醉深度。两组均用多功能监测仪监测平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)。麻醉诱导用芬太尼 5μg/kg,依托咪脂 0 .3ng/kg,潘库溴胺 0 .1mg/kg,麻醉维持用异丙酚、芬太尼。术中观察 MAP、HR的变化 ,术后统计用药总量、手术历时、苏醒时间、术后并发症。结果 :A组 MAP、HR的变化较 B组明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,用药总量苏醒时间、术后并发症均少于 B组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,手术历时两组无差别。结论 :BIS是监测老年患者全麻中知晓和觉醒程度的较好指标 ,以 BIS来指导麻醉药的使用 ,可以减少用量 ,利于维持术中生理功能的稳定和缩短术后苏醒时间 ,减少术后并发症 ,从而大大减少老年患者全麻的困难性和危险性。

土地数量-质量-生态监测指标体系与方法研究——以成都统筹城乡试验区为例

近年来,土地资源综合监测成为国际土地科学的研究热点.随着我国经济的高速发展,土地退化现象日益突显出来.因此,迫切需要建立能够衡量土地资源变化特征的指标体系.通过总结国内外土地资源监测指标体系的现状,采用比较分析法,指出了当前指标体系的不足之处.在此基础上,根据指标选取原则和研究区特点,建立了适合成都统筹城乡试验区的土地数量-质量-生态综合监测指标体系.该体系由22项土地数量指标、16项土地质量指标、5项土地生态指标构成.最后,论文阐述了指标的获取方法,构建了多数据融合的监测平台.

粮仓储粮数量在线检测模型

粮仓储粮数量在线检测是国家粮食数量安全的重要保障技术,是粮食库存检查的重要内容.本文根据储粮数量在线检测精度和可靠性的要求,针对粮仓压强分布的随机性,提出了基于粮仓底面零内摩擦压强估计的粮仓储粮数量检测的新思路,建立了粮仓压力传感器布置模型,给出了粮堆底面与侧面压力分布随机性消除和侧面摩擦力影响补偿的具体方法,提出了基于底面压力传感器检测均值的粮仓储粮数量检测模型和快速建模方法.实仓实验结果表明,所提出的储粮数量检测模型检测误差远小于3%,且检测系统成本低,可有效满足国家粮库储粮数量在线实时监测的实际需要.

基于压力传感器的粮仓储粮数量在线检测方法

针对国家对全国储粮数量在线检测的迫切需求,提出了一种基于压力传感器的粮仓储粮数量在线检测方法。针对粮仓压强分布的随机性,证明了基于底面和侧面压力传感器检测值的粮仓储量数量在线检测的可检测性和检测的可重复性。在此基础上,综合考虑储粮数量检测精度和检测系统成本的要求,建立了粮仓压力传感器布置模型,给出了粮堆底面与侧面压力分布随机性消除和侧面摩擦力影响补偿的具体方法,提出了基于底面压力传感器检测值均值和侧面压力传感器检测值的粮仓储粮数量检测模型。实际试验结果表明,所提出的储粮数量检测方法可以满足在线实时监测全国粮库储粮数量与分布的实际需要,为实时准确监测我国国家粮食储备数量提供了技术手段。

虫情测报仪在玉溪红塔山自然保护区森林害虫监测与防治中的应用

虫情测报仪是一种新型测报工具,广泛应用于农、林业虫害监测防控工作中。2017年3—8月,在云南省玉溪市红塔山自然保护区灵照山林区应用虫情测报仪开展森林害虫灯光诱测,结果表明,虫情测报仪诱集害虫种类多,虫量大,虫峰日期明显,对鳞翅目和鞘翅目森林害虫具有较好的监测和防治作用,且使用安全方便,对天敌相对安全,防治效果显著。根据诱测结果,对金龟子类和天牛类成虫以及天蛾科、蚕蛾科绿尾大蚕蛾、枯叶蛾、尺蛾类、灯蛾类等林业害虫的发生动态及峰值进行分析,结果表明,所监测到的森林害虫种群数量不大,对该区域森林不会造成威胁。

象山县柑橘小实蝇的监测和综合防治

为给有效防治柑橘小实蝇提供理论依据,2009～2011年象山县对柑橘小实蝇进行了重点监测和综合防治。结果表明,柑橘小实蝇在象山县每年平均发生4～5代,各年月种群数量差异显著,2009年种群数量明显超出其他年份,其原因是2009年之前果农未充分认识到柑橘小实蝇的危害性,疏于对果园的管理和未进行综合防治。同时提出了柑橘小实蝇的综合防治措施,主要措施包括严格植物检疫、农业防治、套袋、诱杀成虫和化学防治等。

Intensity Retrieved from Public Monitoring Video——Cases from the May 12,2008,Wenchuan Earthquake

Macroseismic investigation is presented with a new potential means of investigation in the "digital age". In this paper we studied several cases in the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake with a view to exploring the feasibility of retrieving intensity, or even strong ground motion parameters, from public monitoring video which was originally deployed for security purposes. We used public monitoring video records from 44 sites across the meizoseismal region and its surroundings to estimate the intensity. By using the video from a bank in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province and making the simple assumption that ground vibration is in the form of a propagating harmonic wave, we estimated that the local ground motion acceleration was 0.14g.

Monitoring Soil Salt Content Using HJ-1A Hyperspectral Data: A Case Study of Coastal Areas in Rudong County, Eastern China

Hyperspectral data are an important source for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale. However, in previous studies, barriers such as interference due to the presence of vegetation restricted the precision of mapping soil salt content. This study tested a new method for predicting soil salt content with improved precision by using Chinese hyperspectral data, Huan Jing-Hyper Spectral Imager(HJ-HSI), in the coastal area of Rudong County, Eastern China. The vegetation-covered area and coastal bare flat area were distinguished by using the normalized differential vegetation index at the band length of 705 nm(NDVI705). The soil salt content of each area was predicted by various algorithms. A Normal Soil Salt Content Response Index(NSSRI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance(CR-reflectance) at wavelengths of 908.95 nm and 687.41 nm to predict the soil salt content in the coastal bare flat area(NDVI705 < 0.2). The soil adjusted salinity index(SAVI) was applied to predict the soil salt content in the vegetation-covered area(NDVI705 ≥ 0.2). The results demonstrate that 1) the new method significantly improves the accuracy of soil salt content mapping(R2 = 0.6396, RMSE = 0.3591), and 2) HJ-HSI data can be used to map soil salt content precisely and are suitable for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale.

Debris-flow of Zelongnong Ravine in Tibet

Zelongnong Ravine,a branch ravine of Brahmaputra,is an old large glacier debris-flow ravine.Debris-flows with medium and/or small scales occur almost every year;multiple super debris-flows have also broken out in history,and have caused destructive disaster to local residents at the mouth of ravine and blocked Brahmaputra.The huge altitude difference and the steep slope of the Zelongnong Ravine provide predominant energy conditions for the debris-flow.The drainage basin is located in the fast uplifted area,where the complicated geologic structure,the cracked rock,and the frequent earthquake make the rocks experience strong weathering,thus plenty of granular materials are available for the formation of debris-flows.Although this region is located in the rain shadow area,the precipitation is concentrated and most is with high intensity.Also,the strong glacier activity provides water source for debris-flow.According to literature reviews,most debris-flows in the ravine are induced by rainstorms,and their scales are relatively small.However,when the melted water is overlaid,the large scale debris-flows may occur.Parametric calculation such as the flow velocity and the runoff is conducted according to the monitoring data.The result shows that large debris-flows can be aroused when the rainstorm and the melted water are combined well,but the possibility of blocking off Brahmaputra is rare.The occurrence of the super debris-flows is closely related to the intense glacier activity(e.g.,glaciersurge).They often result in destructive disasters and are hard to be prevented and cured by engineering measures,due to the oversized scales.The hazard mitigation measures such as monitoring and prediction are proposed.

Risk-based water quality decision-making under small data using Bayesian network

A knowledge-based network for Section Yidong Bridge,Dongyang River,one tributary of Qiantang River,Zhejiang Province,China,is established in order to model water quality in areas under small data.Then,based on normal transformation of variables with routine monitoring data and normal assumption of variables without routine monitoring data,a conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian network is constructed.A "two-constraint selection" procedure is proposed to estimate potential parameter values under small data.Among all potential parameter values,the ones that are most probable are selected as the "representatives".Finally,the risks of pollutant concentration exceeding national water quality standards are calculated and pollution reduction decisions for decision-making reference are proposed.The final results show that conditional linear Gaussian Bayesian network and "two-constraint selection" procedure are very useful in evaluating risks when there is limited data and can help managers to make sound decisions under small data.

Using Support Vector Regression to Analyze Urban Atmosphere Pollution with Optical Remote Sensing Data

The concentration of absorbable particulate matter less than 10 μm termed as PM10 is the most important urban air pollution index for air quality monitoring. This paper presents a space based PM10 monitoring algorithm based on QUAC （QUick atmosphere correction） for optical remote sensing data and SVR （support vector regression）. PM 10 concentration measurements from nine ground based stations in Hangzhou, China and the MODIS （moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer） images were analyzed. Experimental result indicates that the correlation between CD （correction differences） with actual measured data is better than correlation between AOD （aerosol optical depth） with measured data. In addition, the fitting performance of the SVR model established with CD and measured data is better than traditional regression models.

Evaluation and Forecasting of Elapsed Fatigue Life of Ship Structures by Analyzing Data from Full Scale Ship Structural Monitoring

This paper describes the activities carried out by CETENA in collaboration with the Italian Navy to assess the behavior of new FREMM frigates by means of an automatic hull monitoring system and to predict the expected fatigue life of ship structure by analyzing recorded data through a specifically developed post-processing tool.

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Korapuzha River and Estuaries

Korapuzha is a short river of 40 km with a drainage area of 624 km^2, flowing from dense forest and empties into the Arabian sea. It is formed by the confluence of two streams Agalapuzha and Punnoorpuzha. In this study the samples were collected from Agalapuzha, Punnoorpuzha and Korappuzha, Korapuzha estuaries. The temperature and pH were monitored on the site and the remaining parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The physical quality parameters such as color, odor, appearance and chemical quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, total solids, total hardness, and iron have been evaluated. Compare the physical and chemical parameters. The physico-chemical analysis shows that the samples have high level of salinity, sulphate, total solids and total hardness. The results show that the water is affected by the intrusion of sea water into the river by excess excavation of sands from river for the construction of buildings and other anthropogenic activities which leads to environmental destruction.

Foundation Treatments for Embankments over Highly Compressible Peat in CKE Project

The construction of CKE road embankments is undertaken over soft soils, which include peats, organic soils, clays and sludge. The moisture content of peat is up to 700% and void ratio is up to 11.99. It＇s very easy for the embankments of high moisture content, high void ratio and of the high compression nature to cause too much settlement and loss of stability. Embankment stability during construction and residual settlement of pavement during service period are two major challenges to be faced of the design and construction. This paper outlines the site investigation, laboratory tests and monitoring data in a few selected existing preloading areas, and presents the back-analysis results of the modified secondary compression indices of in-situ soft materials. It is found that the early monitoring data after primary settlement completion are a more reliable approach to estimate the residual settlements within a nominated duration.