In order to obtain related brain electrical components and neural bases of physiology assessment of icon elements in a digital human-computer interface the modified sample-delay matching task experimental paradigm is ...In order to obtain related brain electrical components and neural bases of physiology assessment of icon elements in a digital human-computer interface the modified sample-delay matching task experimental paradigm is used under different time pressures 4 000 and 2 000 ms and different icon quantities three five and ten icons on icon memory based on event-related potential ERP technology.Experimental results demonstrate that P300 has significant volatility changes and the maximum amplitude around the middle line of the parietal area PZ and P200 has obvious volatility changes around the middle line of the frontal and central area FCZ during icon cognition.P300 and P200 amplitudes increase as tasks become more difficult.Thus P300 latency is positively correlated with task difficulty. ERP research on the characteristics of icon memory will be an important reference standard in guiding user neurocognitive behavior and physiology assessment on interface usability.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and norma...[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and normal leaves were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. [Result] The spectra of the samples were similar, only with minor differences in absorption inten- sity of several peaks. Second derivative analyses show that the significant difference of all samples was in the range of 1 200-700 cm2. The data in the range of 1 200- 700 cm＇ were selected to evaluate correlation coefficients, hierarchical cluster analy- sis （HCA） and principal component analysis （PCA）. Results showed that the correla- tion coefficients are larger than 0.928 not only between the healthy leaves, but also between the same diseased leaves. The values between healthy and diseased leaves, and among diseased leaves, are all declined. HCA and PCA yielded about 73.3% and 82.2% accuracy, respectively. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that FTIR techniques might be used to detect crop diseases.展开更多
The development and application of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are summarized in this paper. The emphasis is focused on the high power single and 2-D arrays bottom-emitting VCSELs with a wavelengt...The development and application of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are summarized in this paper. The emphasis is focused on the high power single and 2-D arrays bottom-emitting VCSELs with a wavelength of 980nm. A distinguished device performance is achieved. The maximum continuous-wave (CW) output power of large aperture single devices with active diameters up to 500μm is as high as 1.95W at room temperature, which is to our knowledge the highest value reported for a single device. Size dependence of the output power, the threshold current and the differential resistance are discussed. A 16 elements array with 200μm aperture size (250μm center spacing) of individual elements shows a CW output power of 1.32W at room temperature.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the correlation of the quantifiable parameters of blood flow pattern derived with dynamic CT in solitary bronchogenic adenocarcinoma(SBA).Methods:46 patients with solitary bronchogenic adenocarci...Objective:To evaluate the correlation of the quantifiable parameters of blood flow pattern derived with dynamic CT in solitary bronchogenic adenocarcinoma(SBA).Methods:46 patients with solitary bronchogenic adenocarcinomas (SBA)(diameter≤4 cm)underwent multi-location dynamic contrast material-enhanced(nonionic contrast material was administrated via the antecubital vein at a rate of 4 mL/s by using an autoinjector 90 mL,4×5 mm or 4×2.5 mm scanning mode with stable table were performed)serial CT.Precontrast and postcontrast attenuation on every scan was recorded.Perfusion (PBA),peak height(PHBA),ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta(BA-to-A ratio)and mean transit time(MTT)were calculated.The correlation between peak height of the aorta(PHA)and parameters of the SBA(PHBA,BA-to-A ratio,PBA,and MTT)and those among parameters of the SBA were assessed by means of linear regression analysis.Regression equation among parameters of the SBA were obtain by means of stepwise regression.Results:The correlation between the SBA peak height(PHBA,36.78 HU±12.02)and the aortic peak height(PHA)was significant(r=0.506,P<0.0001).No significant cor- relation was found between the BA-to-Apeak height ratio(15.33%±4.55)and the aortic peak height(r=0.130,P=0.388> 0.05)as it was between the SBA perfusion(PBA,31.86 mL/min/100 g±9.74)and the aortic peak height(r=0.049,P=0.749 >0.05).The SBA perfusion correlated with the PHBA and the BA-to-A peak height ratio(r=0.394,P=0.007<0.05;r=0.407, P=0.005<0.05).The PHBA correlated positively with the BA-to-A peak height ratio(r=0.781,P<0.0001).Mean transit time was 14.84 s±5.52.PBA=18.500+0.872×BA-to-A ratio.BA-to-A ratio=4.467+0.295×PHBA.Conclusion:The linear correlation between the SBA perfusion and BA-to-Aratio and that between BA-to-Aratio and PHBA can be expressed by equation. It is possible to design a simpler scanning procedure of investigation of bronchogenic adenocarcinoma angiogenesis.展开更多
In this paper, a multicarrier DS-CDMA system which employs Z-Complementary Se- quences (ZCS) as spreading code is investigated. The new system can not only eliminate multipath interference and Multiple Access Interfer...In this paper, a multicarrier DS-CDMA system which employs Z-Complementary Se- quences (ZCS) as spreading code is investigated. The new system can not only eliminate multipath interference and Multiple Access Interference (MAI), but also support flexible number of users com- pared with system using Orthogonal Complementary (OC) codes. Multicarrier DS-CDMA using OC codes can be regarded as a special case of our proposed system. Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) of ZCS can be flexibly adjusted to meet the requirements on the user number and maximum multipath and in- ter-user delay, in this way, more users can be supported without losing interference-free property. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated through theoretical analysis and simulation results.展开更多
A quantum secure direct intercommunication scheme is proposed to exchange directly the communicators＇ secret messages by making ase of swapping entanglement of Bell states. It has great capacity to distribute the sec...A quantum secure direct intercommunication scheme is proposed to exchange directly the communicators＇ secret messages by making ase of swapping entanglement of Bell states. It has great capacity to distribute the secret messages since these messages have been imposed on high-dimensional Bell states via the local unitary operations with superdense coding. The security is ensured by the secure transmission of the travel sequences and the application of entanglement swapping.展开更多
The airborne pollen grains of Afyon have been studied for a two_year period (1999-2000) with a Durham sampler. A total of 14 367 pollen grains belonging to 40 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentif...The airborne pollen grains of Afyon have been studied for a two_year period (1999-2000) with a Durham sampler. A total of 14 367 pollen grains belonging to 40 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentified ones. Of them, 6 732 were identified in 1999 and 7 635 in 2000. Of the total pollen grains, 69.67% were arboreal, 26.64% non_arboreal and 3.68 % unidentified. The majority of the investigated pollen grains were from Pinus, Gramineae, Cupressaceae, Platanus , Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Quercus, Ailanthus, Moraceae, Juglans , Salix, Cedrus and Rosaceae. The highest level of pollen grains was in May.展开更多
In order to optimize the crashworthy characteristic of energy-absorbing structures, the surrogate models of specific energy absorption （SEA） and ratio of SEA to initial peak force （REAF） with respect to the design...In order to optimize the crashworthy characteristic of energy-absorbing structures, the surrogate models of specific energy absorption （SEA） and ratio of SEA to initial peak force （REAF） with respect to the design parameters were respectively constructed based on surrogate model optimization methods （polynomial response surface method （PRSM） and Kriging method （KM））. Firstly, the sample data were prepared through the design of experiment （DOE）. Then, the test data models were set up based on the theory of surrogate model, and the data samples were trained to obtain the response relationship between the SEA ＆amp; REAF and design parameters. At last, the structure optimal parameters were obtained by visual analysis and genetic algorithm （GA）. The results indicate that the KM, where the local interpolation method is used in Gauss correlation function, has the highest fitting accuracy and the structure optimal parameters are obtained as： the SEA of 29.8558 kJ/kg （corresponding toa=70 mm andt= 3.5 mm） and REAF of 0.2896 （corresponding toa=70 mm andt=1.9615 mm）. The basis function of the quartic PRSM with higher order than that of the quadratic PRSM, and the mutual influence of the design variables are considered, so the fitting accuracy of the quartic PRSM is higher than that of the quadratic PRSM.展开更多
Daily meteorological data are the critical inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models. This study modified mountain microclimate simulation model （MTCLIM） with the data from 19 weather stations, and c...Daily meteorological data are the critical inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models. This study modified mountain microclimate simulation model （MTCLIM） with the data from 19 weather stations, and compared and validated two methods （the MTCLIM and the modified MTCLIM） in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to estimate daily temperature （i.e., maximum temperature, minimum temperature） and precipitation at six weather stations from i January 2000 to 31December 2009. The algorithm of temperature in modified MTCLIM was improved by constructing the daily linear regression relationship between temperature and elevation, aspect and location information. There are two steps to modify the MTCLIM to predict daily precipitation： firstly, the linear regression relationship was built between annual average precipitation and elevation, location, and vegetation index; secondly, the distance weight for measuring the contribution of each weather station on target point was improved by average wind direction during the rainy season. Several regression analysis and goodness-of-fit indices （i.e., Pearson＇s correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, root-mean-square error and modelingefficiency） were used to validate these estimated values. The result showed that the modified MTCLIM had a better performance than the MTCLIM. Therefore, the modified MTCLIM was used to map daily meteorological data in the study area from 2000 to 2009. These results were validated using weather stations with short time data and the predicted accuracy was acceptable. The meteorological data mapped could become inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models applied in the Qilian Mountains.展开更多
Characteristics of the relationship between precipitation variation trends (PVT) and altitude were analyzed using monthly mean precipitation data from 526 observation stations in China from 1961 to 2008.With respect t...Characteristics of the relationship between precipitation variation trends (PVT) and altitude were analyzed using monthly mean precipitation data from 526 observation stations in China from 1961 to 2008.With respect to elevation,China was divided into three subregions,below 200 m,200-1500 m,and above 1500 m.The results showed that the correlations between annual PVT and altitude are different among the three regions.In the region below 200 m in elevation,the best relationship has a correlation coefficient of-0.19 (0.49),passing the 90% (99.9%) significance level south (north) of 35 N.However,the correlation coefficient is close to zero,and the latitude strongly governs the spatial distribution of the amplitude of annual PVT in the 200-1500-m elevation region.In most of the Tibetan Plateau,where the elevation is greater than 1500 m,there is a weak negative correlation.The Mann-Kendall method was used to test the trend of regional mean annual precipitation,which indicated that the annual mean precipitation had no obvious trend of change in China due to the reverse significant variation trends in different areas of the country.展开更多
A model is presented for predicting the fluid velocity distribution around a rising bubble which startsfrom rest on a distillation column tray by considering the unsteady fluid flow based on the method of streamfuncti...A model is presented for predicting the fluid velocity distribution around a rising bubble which startsfrom rest on a distillation column tray by considering the unsteady fluid flow based on the method of streamfunction. Experimental measurement of the velocity distribution by using whole field digitized PIV (particle imagevelocimetry) method is briefly described. The velocity distribution predicted by the present model is in betteragreement with the measurements than the others models published in literature.展开更多
This thesis offers the general concept of coefficient of partial correlation.Starting with regres-sion analysis,the paper,by using samples,infers the general formula of expressing coefficient of partial correlation by...This thesis offers the general concept of coefficient of partial correlation.Starting with regres-sion analysis,the paper,by using samples,infers the general formula of expressing coefficient of partial correlation by way of simple correlation coefficient.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71271053,71071032)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXZZ12_0093)
文摘In order to obtain related brain electrical components and neural bases of physiology assessment of icon elements in a digital human-computer interface the modified sample-delay matching task experimental paradigm is used under different time pressures 4 000 and 2 000 ms and different icon quantities three five and ten icons on icon memory based on event-related potential ERP technology.Experimental results demonstrate that P300 has significant volatility changes and the maximum amplitude around the middle line of the parietal area PZ and P200 has obvious volatility changes around the middle line of the frontal and central area FCZ during icon cognition.P300 and P200 amplitudes increase as tasks become more difficult.Thus P300 latency is positively correlated with task difficulty. ERP research on the characteristics of icon memory will be an important reference standard in guiding user neurocognitive behavior and physiology assessment on interface usability.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960179)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2007A048M)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and normal leaves were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. [Result] The spectra of the samples were similar, only with minor differences in absorption inten- sity of several peaks. Second derivative analyses show that the significant difference of all samples was in the range of 1 200-700 cm2. The data in the range of 1 200- 700 cm＇ were selected to evaluate correlation coefficients, hierarchical cluster analy- sis （HCA） and principal component analysis （PCA）. Results showed that the correla- tion coefficients are larger than 0.928 not only between the healthy leaves, but also between the same diseased leaves. The values between healthy and diseased leaves, and among diseased leaves, are all declined. HCA and PCA yielded about 73.3% and 82.2% accuracy, respectively. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that FTIR techniques might be used to detect crop diseases.
文摘The development and application of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are summarized in this paper. The emphasis is focused on the high power single and 2-D arrays bottom-emitting VCSELs with a wavelength of 980nm. A distinguished device performance is achieved. The maximum continuous-wave (CW) output power of large aperture single devices with active diameters up to 500μm is as high as 1.95W at room temperature, which is to our knowledge the highest value reported for a single device. Size dependence of the output power, the threshold current and the differential resistance are discussed. A 16 elements array with 200μm aperture size (250μm center spacing) of individual elements shows a CW output power of 1.32W at room temperature.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the correlation of the quantifiable parameters of blood flow pattern derived with dynamic CT in solitary bronchogenic adenocarcinoma(SBA).Methods:46 patients with solitary bronchogenic adenocarcinomas (SBA)(diameter≤4 cm)underwent multi-location dynamic contrast material-enhanced(nonionic contrast material was administrated via the antecubital vein at a rate of 4 mL/s by using an autoinjector 90 mL,4×5 mm or 4×2.5 mm scanning mode with stable table were performed)serial CT.Precontrast and postcontrast attenuation on every scan was recorded.Perfusion (PBA),peak height(PHBA),ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta(BA-to-A ratio)and mean transit time(MTT)were calculated.The correlation between peak height of the aorta(PHA)and parameters of the SBA(PHBA,BA-to-A ratio,PBA,and MTT)and those among parameters of the SBA were assessed by means of linear regression analysis.Regression equation among parameters of the SBA were obtain by means of stepwise regression.Results:The correlation between the SBA peak height(PHBA,36.78 HU±12.02)and the aortic peak height(PHA)was significant(r=0.506,P<0.0001).No significant cor- relation was found between the BA-to-Apeak height ratio(15.33%±4.55)and the aortic peak height(r=0.130,P=0.388> 0.05)as it was between the SBA perfusion(PBA,31.86 mL/min/100 g±9.74)and the aortic peak height(r=0.049,P=0.749 >0.05).The SBA perfusion correlated with the PHBA and the BA-to-A peak height ratio(r=0.394,P=0.007<0.05;r=0.407, P=0.005<0.05).The PHBA correlated positively with the BA-to-A peak height ratio(r=0.781,P<0.0001).Mean transit time was 14.84 s±5.52.PBA=18.500+0.872×BA-to-A ratio.BA-to-A ratio=4.467+0.295×PHBA.Conclusion:The linear correlation between the SBA perfusion and BA-to-Aratio and that between BA-to-Aratio and PHBA can be expressed by equation. It is possible to design a simpler scanning procedure of investigation of bronchogenic adenocarcinoma angiogenesis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60772087, No.90604035)111 Project (No.111- 2-14)
文摘In this paper, a multicarrier DS-CDMA system which employs Z-Complementary Se- quences (ZCS) as spreading code is investigated. The new system can not only eliminate multipath interference and Multiple Access Interference (MAI), but also support flexible number of users com- pared with system using Orthogonal Complementary (OC) codes. Multicarrier DS-CDMA using OC codes can be regarded as a special case of our proposed system. Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) of ZCS can be flexibly adjusted to meet the requirements on the user number and maximum multipath and in- ter-user delay, in this way, more users can be supported without losing interference-free property. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated through theoretical analysis and simulation results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60472018,60773085,and 60773012National 863 Project under Grant No.2006AA01Z255+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant No.07JJ3128the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant No.20070420184Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province under Grant No.2008RS4016
文摘A quantum secure direct intercommunication scheme is proposed to exchange directly the communicators＇ secret messages by making ase of swapping entanglement of Bell states. It has great capacity to distribute the secret messages since these messages have been imposed on high-dimensional Bell states via the local unitary operations with superdense coding. The security is ensured by the secure transmission of the travel sequences and the application of entanglement swapping.
文摘The airborne pollen grains of Afyon have been studied for a two_year period (1999-2000) with a Durham sampler. A total of 14 367 pollen grains belonging to 40 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentified ones. Of them, 6 732 were identified in 1999 and 7 635 in 2000. Of the total pollen grains, 69.67% were arboreal, 26.64% non_arboreal and 3.68 % unidentified. The majority of the investigated pollen grains were from Pinus, Gramineae, Cupressaceae, Platanus , Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Quercus, Ailanthus, Moraceae, Juglans , Salix, Cedrus and Rosaceae. The highest level of pollen grains was in May.
基金Project(U1334208)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013GK2001)supported by the Fund of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China
文摘In order to optimize the crashworthy characteristic of energy-absorbing structures, the surrogate models of specific energy absorption （SEA） and ratio of SEA to initial peak force （REAF） with respect to the design parameters were respectively constructed based on surrogate model optimization methods （polynomial response surface method （PRSM） and Kriging method （KM））. Firstly, the sample data were prepared through the design of experiment （DOE）. Then, the test data models were set up based on the theory of surrogate model, and the data samples were trained to obtain the response relationship between the SEA ＆amp; REAF and design parameters. At last, the structure optimal parameters were obtained by visual analysis and genetic algorithm （GA）. The results indicate that the KM, where the local interpolation method is used in Gauss correlation function, has the highest fitting accuracy and the structure optimal parameters are obtained as： the SEA of 29.8558 kJ/kg （corresponding toa=70 mm andt= 3.5 mm） and REAF of 0.2896 （corresponding toa=70 mm andt=1.9615 mm）. The basis function of the quartic PRSM with higher order than that of the quadratic PRSM, and the mutual influence of the design variables are considered, so the fitting accuracy of the quartic PRSM is higher than that of the quadratic PRSM.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.91025015,51178209)
文摘Daily meteorological data are the critical inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models. This study modified mountain microclimate simulation model （MTCLIM） with the data from 19 weather stations, and compared and validated two methods （the MTCLIM and the modified MTCLIM） in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to estimate daily temperature （i.e., maximum temperature, minimum temperature） and precipitation at six weather stations from i January 2000 to 31December 2009. The algorithm of temperature in modified MTCLIM was improved by constructing the daily linear regression relationship between temperature and elevation, aspect and location information. There are two steps to modify the MTCLIM to predict daily precipitation： firstly, the linear regression relationship was built between annual average precipitation and elevation, location, and vegetation index; secondly, the distance weight for measuring the contribution of each weather station on target point was improved by average wind direction during the rainy season. Several regression analysis and goodness-of-fit indices （i.e., Pearson＇s correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, root-mean-square error and modelingefficiency） were used to validate these estimated values. The result showed that the modified MTCLIM had a better performance than the MTCLIM. Therefore, the modified MTCLIM was used to map daily meteorological data in the study area from 2000 to 2009. These results were validated using weather stations with short time data and the predicted accuracy was acceptable. The meteorological data mapped could become inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models applied in the Qilian Mountains.
基金supported by of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Program,Grant No.40830956and Grant Nos. 40775055 and 40828004)
文摘Characteristics of the relationship between precipitation variation trends (PVT) and altitude were analyzed using monthly mean precipitation data from 526 observation stations in China from 1961 to 2008.With respect to elevation,China was divided into three subregions,below 200 m,200-1500 m,and above 1500 m.The results showed that the correlations between annual PVT and altitude are different among the three regions.In the region below 200 m in elevation,the best relationship has a correlation coefficient of-0.19 (0.49),passing the 90% (99.9%) significance level south (north) of 35 N.However,the correlation coefficient is close to zero,and the latitude strongly governs the spatial distribution of the amplitude of annual PVT in the 200-1500-m elevation region.In most of the Tibetan Plateau,where the elevation is greater than 1500 m,there is a weak negative correlation.The Mann-Kendall method was used to test the trend of regional mean annual precipitation,which indicated that the annual mean precipitation had no obvious trend of change in China due to the reverse significant variation trends in different areas of the country.
文摘A model is presented for predicting the fluid velocity distribution around a rising bubble which startsfrom rest on a distillation column tray by considering the unsteady fluid flow based on the method of streamfunction. Experimental measurement of the velocity distribution by using whole field digitized PIV (particle imagevelocimetry) method is briefly described. The velocity distribution predicted by the present model is in betteragreement with the measurements than the others models published in literature.
文摘This thesis offers the general concept of coefficient of partial correlation.Starting with regres-sion analysis,the paper,by using samples,infers the general formula of expressing coefficient of partial correlation by way of simple correlation coefficient.
