Physicochemical properties of bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of rice husk were studied in the present work.Molecular distillation was used to separate the crude bio-oil into three fractions viz.light fraction,mi...Physicochemical properties of bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of rice husk were studied in the present work.Molecular distillation was used to separate the crude bio-oil into three fractions viz.light fraction,middle fraction and heavy fraction.Their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer（GC-MS）.The thermal behavior,including evaporation and decomposition,was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer（TG-FTIR）.The product distribution was significantly affected by contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.The bio-oil yield was 46.36%（by mass） and the yield of gaseous products was 27%（by mass）.The chemicals in the bio-oil included acids,aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,phenols,sugars,etc.The light fraction was mainly composed of acids and compounds with lower boiling point temperature,the middle and heavy fractions were consisted of phenols and levoglucosan.The thermal stability of the bio-oil was determined by the interactions and intersolubility of compounds.It was found that the thermal stability of bio-oil was better than the light fraction,but worse than the middle and heavy fractions.展开更多
We investigate the exact nonstationary solutions of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate whichcompose of two species having different atomic masses. We also consider the interesting behavior of the atomic velocity...We investigate the exact nonstationary solutions of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate whichcompose of two species having different atomic masses. We also consider the interesting behavior of the atomic velocityand the flow density. It is shown that the motion of the two components can be controlled by the experimental parameters.展开更多
The first comprehensive study of abundance, richness and distribution of Mbuna in Lake Malawi was carried out in the 1980s. The present study examined changes of species richness and abundance of Mbuna with time. Most...The first comprehensive study of abundance, richness and distribution of Mbuna in Lake Malawi was carried out in the 1980s. The present study examined changes of species richness and abundance of Mbuna with time. Most sites demarcated during the 1980s survey were explored in order to determine changes in abundance and composition of Mbuna over a period of more than 20 years Chi-square analysis revealed significant difference （p 〈 0.05） in abundance of Mbuna between 1983 and 2005 with the exception of Chinyankhwazi and Chinyamwezi where the difference was not significant （p 〉 0.05）. Cluster analysis showed changes in species composition between 1983 and 2005 in various sites. Generally, there were more species lost in a given area than new species observed in 2005. Decline in Mbuna species richness might have been caused by siltation, harvesting of Mbuna for food and ornamental fish trade while new species were mostly introduced through translocation from one part of the lake to another.展开更多
Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and r...Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation (Es4). The Es4 sandstones are mostly arkose and lithic arkose, rarely feldspathic litharenite, with an average mass fraction of quartz 51.6%, feldspar 33.8% and rock fragments 14.6% (Q51.6F33.8R14.6). They have an average framework composition (mass fraction) of quartz 57.10%, K-feldspar 5.76%, sodium-calcium feldspar 13.00%, calcite 5.77%, dolomite 5.63%, siderite 0.95%, pyrite 0.30%, anhydrite 0.04%, and clay mineral 11.46%. The diagenentic minerals typically include kaolinite, illite-smectite (I/S), illite, chlorite, authigenetic quartz and feldspar, and carbonate and pyrite. Es4 sandstone has undergone stages A and B of eodiagenesis, and now, it is experiencing stage A of mesodiagenesis. Reservoir quality is predominantly controlled by the mechanical compaction, for example, 45.65% of the original porosity loss is related to compaction. The original porosity loss related with cementation is only 26.00%. The reservoir quality is improved as a result of dissolution of feldspar, rock fragment and so forth. The porosity evolved from dissolution varies from 3% to 4%.展开更多
In the preceding paper （Commun. Theor. Phys. 51 （2009） 321） we have recommended a convenient method for disentangling exponential operators. In this work we use this method for disentangling exponential operators ...In the preceding paper （Commun. Theor. Phys. 51 （2009） 321） we have recommended a convenient method for disentangling exponential operators. In this work we use this method for disentangling exponential operators composed of angular momentum operators. We mainly desentangle the form of exp[2hJz ＋ g J＋ ＋ kJ_] as the ordering exp（... J＋）exp（... Jz）exp（... J_）, we employ the Schwinger Bose realization J_ = bta, J＋ = atb, Jz=（ata - btb）/2 to fulfil this task, without appealing to Lie algebra method. Note that this operator＇s desentanglng is different from its decomposition in normal ordering.展开更多
The main aim of this paper is to test whether the foreign currency translation adjustments （FCTAs）, the largest components of other comprehensive income （OCI） for most firms, are incrementally value-relevant for i...The main aim of this paper is to test whether the foreign currency translation adjustments （FCTAs）, the largest components of other comprehensive income （OCI） for most firms, are incrementally value-relevant for investors with respect to the net income （NI）. Previous archival research on the value relevance of FCTAs has documented a weak or non-existent link between FCTAs and firm valuation （Pinto, 2005）. The hypothesized reasons could reside in the econometric method employed, in the use of as-if numbers, and in the missing consideration of the differential effect that exchange rate changes have on firms of varying levels of capital intensiveness. This study adds to the existing literature by empirically testing the value relevance of as-reported FCTAs numbers in the earnings and book value model the Ohlson-like interacted model through panel data techniques. The main finding of this study is that as-reported FCTAs are significantly and incrementally value-relevant, when their parameter estimates are allowed to vary in the cross-section.展开更多
基金Supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China（2009DFA61050） the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China（2009AA05Z407） the National Natural Science Foundation of China（50676085 90610035）
文摘Physicochemical properties of bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of rice husk were studied in the present work.Molecular distillation was used to separate the crude bio-oil into three fractions viz.light fraction,middle fraction and heavy fraction.Their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer（GC-MS）.The thermal behavior,including evaporation and decomposition,was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer（TG-FTIR）.The product distribution was significantly affected by contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.The bio-oil yield was 46.36%（by mass） and the yield of gaseous products was 27%（by mass）.The chemicals in the bio-oil included acids,aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,phenols,sugars,etc.The light fraction was mainly composed of acids and compounds with lower boiling point temperature,the middle and heavy fractions were consisted of phenols and levoglucosan.The thermal stability of the bio-oil was determined by the interactions and intersolubility of compounds.It was found that the thermal stability of bio-oil was better than the light fraction,but worse than the middle and heavy fractions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10775049 and 10375022
文摘We investigate the exact nonstationary solutions of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate whichcompose of two species having different atomic masses. We also consider the interesting behavior of the atomic velocityand the flow density. It is shown that the motion of the two components can be controlled by the experimental parameters.
文摘The first comprehensive study of abundance, richness and distribution of Mbuna in Lake Malawi was carried out in the 1980s. The present study examined changes of species richness and abundance of Mbuna with time. Most sites demarcated during the 1980s survey were explored in order to determine changes in abundance and composition of Mbuna over a period of more than 20 years Chi-square analysis revealed significant difference （p 〈 0.05） in abundance of Mbuna between 1983 and 2005 with the exception of Chinyankhwazi and Chinyamwezi where the difference was not significant （p 〉 0.05）. Cluster analysis showed changes in species composition between 1983 and 2005 in various sites. Generally, there were more species lost in a given area than new species observed in 2005. Decline in Mbuna species richness might have been caused by siltation, harvesting of Mbuna for food and ornamental fish trade while new species were mostly introduced through translocation from one part of the lake to another.
基金Project(2006AA09Z336) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation (Es4). The Es4 sandstones are mostly arkose and lithic arkose, rarely feldspathic litharenite, with an average mass fraction of quartz 51.6%, feldspar 33.8% and rock fragments 14.6% (Q51.6F33.8R14.6). They have an average framework composition (mass fraction) of quartz 57.10%, K-feldspar 5.76%, sodium-calcium feldspar 13.00%, calcite 5.77%, dolomite 5.63%, siderite 0.95%, pyrite 0.30%, anhydrite 0.04%, and clay mineral 11.46%. The diagenentic minerals typically include kaolinite, illite-smectite (I/S), illite, chlorite, authigenetic quartz and feldspar, and carbonate and pyrite. Es4 sandstone has undergone stages A and B of eodiagenesis, and now, it is experiencing stage A of mesodiagenesis. Reservoir quality is predominantly controlled by the mechanical compaction, for example, 45.65% of the original porosity loss is related to compaction. The original porosity loss related with cementation is only 26.00%. The reservoir quality is improved as a result of dissolution of feldspar, rock fragment and so forth. The porosity evolved from dissolution varies from 3% to 4%.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heze University of Shandong Province,China under Grant No.XY07WL01the University Experimental Technology Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.S04W138
文摘In the preceding paper （Commun. Theor. Phys. 51 （2009） 321） we have recommended a convenient method for disentangling exponential operators. In this work we use this method for disentangling exponential operators composed of angular momentum operators. We mainly desentangle the form of exp[2hJz ＋ g J＋ ＋ kJ_] as the ordering exp（... J＋）exp（... Jz）exp（... J_）, we employ the Schwinger Bose realization J_ = bta, J＋ = atb, Jz=（ata - btb）/2 to fulfil this task, without appealing to Lie algebra method. Note that this operator＇s desentanglng is different from its decomposition in normal ordering.
文摘The main aim of this paper is to test whether the foreign currency translation adjustments （FCTAs）, the largest components of other comprehensive income （OCI） for most firms, are incrementally value-relevant for investors with respect to the net income （NI）. Previous archival research on the value relevance of FCTAs has documented a weak or non-existent link between FCTAs and firm valuation （Pinto, 2005）. The hypothesized reasons could reside in the econometric method employed, in the use of as-if numbers, and in the missing consideration of the differential effect that exchange rate changes have on firms of varying levels of capital intensiveness. This study adds to the existing literature by empirically testing the value relevance of as-reported FCTAs numbers in the earnings and book value model the Ohlson-like interacted model through panel data techniques. The main finding of this study is that as-reported FCTAs are significantly and incrementally value-relevant, when their parameter estimates are allowed to vary in the cross-section.
