浅谈土地综合整治乡镇一级资源整合——以娄底市涟滨街道办事处土地整理项目为例

乡镇一级政府、国土资源所是联系土地综合整治项目与国土资源部门的纽带和桥梁,在项目实施过程中,如何最大发挥这一级的主观能动性,达到更好的为"三农"服务,实现社会主义新农村建设的客观目的,娄底市土地开垦整理中心在国土资源局的领导下大胆尝试,勇于探索,在项目实施监管过程中整合项目区所在地各级政府的力量,与乡镇一级政府协作,委托乡镇政府作为土地综合整治实施机构,摸索出一套具有当地特色的项目实施方案。

菜土整理有讲究

对种植蔬菜的菜土进行科学整理,是使蔬菜生长发育正常的一项基础措施.一般蔬菜对土地的要求是:土质肥沃,土层深厚、不板结,保水保肥,耐渍耐旱,无石块、瓦片等杂质.要使菜土具备以上特点,就要有针对性的对菜土进行整理.

横岭村的土整故事

现在的横岭村，虽说只经历了几个月，但变化却是邻村几年都赶不上的。

液化土挤密砂桩整固后路基孔隙水压状态分析研究

以振动台模型实验的方式,对挤密砂桩整固后,液化土路基的孔隙水压状态开展实验分析研究,探讨该型路基挤密砂桩整固后的基內孔隙水压状态规律。

废弃采石场矿山地质环境现状及其治理技术

为了有效改善治理区地质环境条件,使得治理区地形地貌景观得到恢复,地质灾害隐患得到消除,分析了治理区地质环境现状,治理区立面危岩体遍布,存在采坑4处,坑内存在积水,治理区内多处碎石堆积。基于此,针对4处采坑,采取坡顶设置护栏、立面危岩清理消除治理区内的矿山地质环境问题,采用渣石回填等项目改善地质环境条件,并在治理区内整平覆土,恢复耕地。研究使得治理区的生态环境也会明显改善,自然面貌将有较大改观。

酒糟袋栽金针菇高产技术研究

对3个不同金针菇菌株，设7个不同培养料配方，采用3种不同栽培方法进行对比试验。结果表明，以酒糟为主料加玉米面配方，用整覆土墙式栽培法生产金针菇效果最好。不仅菌丝生长发育快，子实体形成早，返潮快，生物效率高，而且原料来源广，生产成本低，技术易掌握，适宜推广。

Problems and Significance of Land Consolidation Projects Quality and Countermeasures

Land consolidation program would not only increase farmland area, but also improve land quality. With consideration of problems in land consolidation, such as highlighting number and ignoring quality, and compensating poor farmlands for occupied highly-qualified farmlands, the research proposed the importance of quality of land consolidation program and the way for improving the quality, in order to draw attention of national land consolidation industry for quality of the program, protect farmlands and crop safety, and advance social stability and harmony.

林木育苗技术与管理

本文从林木育苗的基础知识即树种的选择、苗圈地的选择等到造林苗木的种子培育等几方面做了详细论述。

Security of Land Rights in Rural China:Facts and Trends

[Objective] This study aimed to demonstrate the current status and variation trend of the land insecurity in rural China in recent years. [Method] In the late 2011, we had conducted a systematical survey in 24 villages of two provinces including Jiangsu Province and Shaanxi Province. [Result] Survey results suggest enormous unbalance at the village level in the rights that household have been extended. In some villages, farmers seem to hold relatively long-term tenure and most of the rights, where there are less land expropriations and reallocations. Even if some land expropriations or reallocations occur in these villages, a meeting with villagers would be hold, and the villagers would be given the rights to discuss the process of the land expropriation or reallocation. In other villages, on the other hand, the land expropriation or reallocation is more frequent, and the villagers have no right to decide the process of the land expropriation or reallocation, their land prop- erty right are limited and rather unstable, while the village cadres and government at a higher level have coercive power on the land. When land expropriations or reallocations occur in these villages, no villager meeting would be hold. With the extension of time, more and more land expropriations occur, with increasingly involved area. In addition, the frequency of land reallocation is reduced, and the affected areas become smaller and smaller sis for land property rights system [Conclusion] This study had laid the theoretical bareform in rural China.

Study on the Feasibility of the Calculation Methods of Consolidating Rural Residential Land into Arable Land in China

Since the increasing demand for arable land and low efficient and disordered use of rural residential land,land consolidation for rural settlement has become a hot issue in China.Many Chinese scientists studied the topic from different angles.However,there is no reference systematically summarizing and discussing feasibility of consolidating rural residential land into arable land.The authors listed and analyzed the calculation methods of consolidating rural residential land into arable land,and discussed the feasibility and reasonability of those methods.Moreover,this paper put forward the study orientation in this regard for providing references for relevant researches.

Calculation of Motor-pumped Well’s Drawdown in Land Consolidation

[Objective] The aim was to explore the measurement methods of drawdown of motor-pumped well in land consolidation. [Method] Based on pumping information, the relation curve of drawdown and pumped volume was drawn and the empirical formula was concluded, with examples. [Result] The type of drawdown （h） and flow volume （Q） includes linear type, parabolic type, exponential curve and logarithmic curve. Graphical method and calculus of differences are available for determining the type of curve. [Conclusion] The empirical formula based on pumping test reflects relation between drawdown and pumping volume, which is simple and effective.

Some Physiological Responses of Chinese Iris to Salt Stress

Chinese iris （Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis （Fisch） Koidz.）, a robust iridaceous plant, is widespread in arid and semiarid regions with high salinity. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, plant growth, water status, content and distribution of inorganic ions, cell membrane permeability, and proline content of I. laetea under salt stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with six NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 350 mmol L^-1. The results indicated that the biomass, height, fresh weight, K^＋ content, and K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ ratios decreased with increasing NaCl stress, whereas plant water deficit and contents of Na^＋ and Cl- increased with increasing NaCl stress. In all salt treatments, water deficit of shoots was found to be higher than that of roots and had a positive correlation with salt concentration. When the NaCl concentration was less than 280 mmol L^-1, the ion absorption selectivity ratio and the transportation selectivity ratio sharply increased with increasing NaCl stress. Under medium salt stress, I. lactea exhibited a strong K^＋ selective absorption and the transportation of K^＋ from roots to shoots increased, whereas Na^＋ was not transported and was mostly retained in roots. The plants were able to maintain osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of Na^＋, Cl-, and proline. On the basis of its biomass production under salt stress, I. lactea could be considered as a facultative halophyte.

Relationship between rectification moment and angle of shield based on numerical simulation

The finite element method is used to simulate the rectification process of shield machine, to study the relationship between rectification moment and angle and to explore the influence laws of different soil parameters and buried depth on rectification moment. It is hoped that the reference value of rectification moment can be offered to operator, and theoretical foundation can be laid for future automatic rectification technology. The results show that the rectification moment and angle generally exhibit good linear behavior in clay layers with different soil parameters or buried depths, and then the concept of rectification coefficient, that is, the ratio of rectification angle to rectification moment, is proposed; different soil parameters and buried depths have different influences on rectification coefficient, in which elastic modulus has great influence but others have little influences; the simulations of rectification process are preformed in clay layers with different elastic modulus, and fitting results show that elastic modulus and rectification coefficient present the quadratic function relation.

GIS-based Effect Assessment of Soil Erosion Before and After Gully Land Consolidation: A Case Study of Wangjiagou Project Region, Loess Plateau

The Loess Plateau is one typical area of serious soil erosion in the world. China has implemented ′Grain for Green′(GFG) project to restore the eco-environment of the Loess Plateau since 1999. With the GFG project subsidy approaching the end, it is concerned that farmers of fewer subsidies may reclaim land again. Thus, ′Gully Land Consolidation Project′(GLCP) was initiated in 2010. The core of the GLCP was to create more land suitable for farming in gullies so as to reduce land reclamation on the slopes which are ecological vulnerable areas. This paper aims to assess the effect of the GLCP on soil erosion problems by studying Wangjiagou project region located in the central part of Anzi valley in the middle of the Loess Plateau, mainly using the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) based on GIS. The findings show that the GLCP can help to reduce soil shipment by 9.87% and it creates more terraces and river-nearby land suitable for farming which account for 27.41% of the whole study area. Thus, it is feasible to implement the GLCP in places below gradient 15°, though the GLCP also intensifies soil erosion in certain places such as field ridge, village land, floodplain, natural grassland, and shrub land. In short, the GLCP develops new generation dam land and balances the short-term and long-term interests to ease the conflicts between economic development and environmental protection. Furthermore, the GLCP and the GFG could also be combined preferably. On the one hand, the GFG improves the ecological environment, which could offer certain safety to the GLCP, on the other hand, the GLCP creates more farmland favorable for farming in gullies instead of land reclamation on the slopes, which could indirectly protect the GFG project.

Life cycle assessment in the environmental impact evaluation of urbandevelopment--a case study of land readjustment project,Hyogo District, Japan

In this paper, the Life Cycle of Urban Development was firstly analyzed, and the phases of Life Cycle Assessment applied to Urban Development (ULCA) were described. As a case study, ULCA was applied in the environmental impact assessment of the land readjustment project of Hyogo District of Saga, Japan. In addition, mitigation proposals for reducing CO2 were also presented and the relevant environmental ef-fects were simulated.

Soil Erosion and Its Basic Characteristics at Karst Rocky-desertified Land Consolidation Area: A Case Study at Muzhe Village of Xichou County in Southeast Yunnan, China

Xichou County of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southeast Yunnan is one of the karst mountainous areas in southwest China showing typical rock desertification. During this study, we set up three soil erosion contrast test spots at Muzhe Village, Benggu Township, Xichou County, which was the birthplace of the Xichou rock-desertified land consolidation mode. The three spots included the terrace land spot （already consolidated land）, sloping land spot （unconsolidated sloping land under rock desertification）, and standard runoff spot （bare land spot）. In 2007, a whole-year complete observation was conducted during the rainy season and ＂rainfall-erosion＂ data were obtained for 32 times. Our analysis showed that during the entire observation period, the number of the rainfalls that led to soil erosion accounted for 34.04% of the number of all rainfalls and the amount of the rainfalls that led to soil erosion accounted for 84.17% of the total amount of all rainfalls. The average erosive rainfall standard in the three test spots was 11.0mm, slightly higher than the lO mm standard that has been adopted all over China, but lower than the 12.7 mm standard of the US and the 13.0 mm standard of Japan. According to single-factor analysis, the soil loss in the sloping land spot （L2） and that in the bare land spot （L3） are correlated to certain extent to manyother factors, including the single precipitation （P）, rainfall intensity during the maximum ten minutes （Lo）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 20 minutes （I2o）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 30 minutes （I30）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 40 minutes （I4o）, and rainfall intensity during the maximum 6o minutes （I60）. Among these factors, they are of the highest relativity with I6o. According to double-factor analysis, both L2 and L3 are of good relativity with P and I60. According to multi-factor analysis, L2 and L3 are also of good relativity with seven rainfall indexes, namely, P, Ia （average rainfall intensity）, L10, 120, I30, 140, and I60, with their related coefficient R reaching 0.906 and 0.914, respectively. The annual soil losses in the three test spots are widely different： 1030.70 t/km2.a in the terrace land spot, which indicates a low-level erosion; 12913.22 t/km2.a in the sloping land spot （unconsolidated spot）, some 12.5 times than that in the terrace land spot, which indicates an ultra-high-level erosion; and 19511.67 t/km2-a in the bare land spot, some 18.9 times than that in terrace land spot, indicating an acute erosion. These figures fully show that the Xichou rock-desertified land consolidation mode plays a significant role in soil conservation.

China’s Potential of Grain Production Due to Changes in Agricultural Land Utilization in Recent Years

The changes in utilization of agricultural land have gradually grown into one of the major factors impacting grain output in China. This study explores the various components of agricultural production in China from the land utilization perspective, involving changes in grain production per unit area, multi-cropping index, and adjustment of agricultural structure. Compared with the record values, different research methodologies are used to analyze the po- tential of above three components. The results indicate that grain production potential of 65.68×109kg was unexploited in 2006, in which 45.8×109kg came from the restructuring in agriculture. So we can infer that the reduction of grain production in China could be primarily attributed to agricultural restructuring in recent years. So the productive poten- tial can be fully restored by increasing agricultural investment, or recovering agricultural structure in favorable condi- tions. So we can say that China’s current condition of food security is good.

The Spiritual Utopia Reflected in Out of Africa

The publication of Out of Africa in 1937 won Baroness K. Blixen-Finecke worldwide fame because the novel caused wide public concern among both critics and readers. The story unfolds a poetic picture which reveals the natural peace and harmony in Africa through the narrative angle of the heroine--Karen Blixen. In Out of Africa, the author, from multipoint viepoints, knits the legendary plot to display a picture of a community with the features of spiritual utopia, which is an ideal place for men to escape from the outside disturbance. The present paper, first, gives a brief introduction to the plot of the story. Then, it discusses the characteristics of spiritual utopian community on the African land from the following three perspectives： Karen Blixen is a pursuer to go after self-integrity so as to protect the harmony of spiritual utopian land in Africa; Africans are the paragons of self-integrity to pursue freedom on their homeland; and the western settlers are the dominators who have lost self-integrity in the spiritual utopian community because they have almost destroyed the ecological and social banlance on African land.

Farmland Merging in Poland--A Success or Failure in Land Management Policy

Farmland merging is a significant tool in comprehensive rural areas development. Although a broad range of research relating to this field already exists, not enough emphasis has yet been placed on this issue in Poland. In all probability it would not be a point for broad discussion if this situation related to a country, where agriculture is negligible. Nonetheless, in Poland agriculture plays a very important role in the economy： it employs 17% of labour force and arable land covers about 60% of the total area. Yet, even where land consolidation work has been carried out for years, the expected effects are still not appreciable, mostly because of the disastrous formal and legal policy. This paper intends to make a contribution to the field of knowledge of farmland merging in Poland. Particular attention was focused on the importance of land management policy in the streamlining of land consolidation activities. The study brings a fresh view on the examination of the effectiveness of farmland merging work, based on two different formal procedures carried out in Poland. During the investigation the main obstacles and weaknesses in legal regulation were revealed while at the same time, producing possible solutions.