Gastroparesis: Current diagnostic challenges and management considerations

Gastroparesis refers to abnormal gastric motility characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. The most common etiologies include diabetes, post-surgical and idiopathic. The most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. Gastroparesis is estimated to affect 4% of the population and symptomatology may range from little effect on daily activity to severe disability and frequent hospitalizations. The gold standard of diagnosis is solid meal gastric scintigraphy. Treatment is multimodal and includes dietary modification, prokinetic and anti-emetic medications, and surgical interventions. New advances in drug therapy, and gastric electrical stimulation techniques have been introduced and might provide new hope to patients with refractory gastroparesis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss gastroparesis with emphasis on the latest developments; from the perspective of the practicing clinician.

基于整日尺度的城市女性休闲满意度及其影响因素——以西宁市为例

休闲满意度作为对休闲经历或情境感觉到满足的程度,对衡量居民的休闲活动评价和认同以及反映对于生活质量的满意程度有重要的作用。文章基于西宁市2013年居民活动日志问卷调查数据,应用时间地理学方法从个体整日活动、即时活动出发,基于ordered logit模型试图从整日视角分析女性休闲满意度的影响因素。结果表明:西宁女性整日休闲满意度相对于休闲时长、休闲频率、休闲地离家距离而言,更多地受到休闲同伴、休闲类型和固定性较强的非休闲活动影响,家人或朋友的陪伴、个人事务活动的时长与休闲满意度存在正相关关系,工作活动频率与家庭照料活动时长与休闲满意度存在负相关关系。