Political Correctness in American English and Its Implication in TEFL

Political correctness （PC） is both a cultural existence and a language phenomenon. It is used to describe language policies intending to avoid offense or disadvmatages to specific groups in society reflecting the language norms of the Americans as well as withdrawing from language discrimination. This paper traces briefly the history of political correctness in American English, make analysis of the connotations of politically correct terms in American English, and illustrates the influence PC has on American English. Finally, some implications in political correctness in TEFL （Teaching English as a Foreign Language） were drawn with the intention to enhance learners＇ competency in language as well as intercultural communication.

汉代确立的与文章写作主体相关的几个范型

先秦文章作者具有不确定性,汉代文章则明确著录作者姓名,这是著作权意识开始自觉的标志。汉代文章写作主要有四种方式,各自为后代树立了风范。单独个人写作宁静淡泊的心态、发愤著书的精神诉求、呕心沥血的惨淡经营、援笔立就的即兴挥洒,都有垂范后世的意义。集体协力写作的兼取众长;众人唱和的娱乐、竞赛属性;文献整理所写文章的逻辑砺练,在古代也成为后世效法的对象。汉代对文人的衡量标准,兼顾才气、学问和见识,成为古代通用的尺度。汉代所确立的与文章写作主体相关的范型、对文人衡量标准的历史定型,在中国古代文学发展史上具有建规立制的作用,具有普适性。