英语字幕翻译在外宣中的作用及应用策略研究——以中国影视娱教文作品为例

对外宣传中国声音是多年来政府及各行各业都在积极推进的事业,在这个过程中英语翻译必不可少。中国影视娱教文作品在推动国际交流与互相理解的环境中取得了一定的影响力。但新的传播平台的出现以及在越来越大的国际宣传竞争下,中国影视娱教文作品对外宣传面临挑战,其英语字幕翻译更是其发展受限的一个重要因素。本研究介绍了中国影视娱教文作品对外输出及英语字幕翻译的现状和问题,对其原因进行了分析并给出了相应的解决和应用策略,希望能为中国文化输出事业贡献一份力量。

浅议当前高中语文教材的国际视野

随着全球化的逐步推进,我们正日益感受到国际公民这一概念的真实意义。怎样通过教育培养学生的全球公民意识也成为对当今教育的一大考验。作为贯穿义务教育的人文学科,语文教材应该站在全球的高度,用国际视野来培养全球公民。由于中外文化背景不同,各国人民的文化性格也各有特点,仅仅用中国传统文化来教育和熏陶学生难以培养出真正具有全球文化背景的公民。因此,语文教材中的外国文学作品选文就显得相当重要。本文力图分析当前全日制普通高中的语文教材（主要是阅读选文）中的外国文学作品选文特点,指出其中存在的不足,提出自己的观点。

母性、女性和人性:女权求索路上的思考——女权主义视角下《觉醒》与《金色笔记》之比较解读

1899年出版的凯特·肖邦的代表作《觉醒》与1962年出版的多丽丝·莱辛的《金色笔记》同被视为女权主义的经典作品。通过对两部作品中各自时代背景下女权艰难求索的解读,认为这两部作品共同呈现了女权求索道路上的绊脚石——传统菲勒斯中心(父权中心)文化势力,也共同探讨了似乎更难以解决的矛盾———母性、女性和人性同女权求索之间的矛盾。对于此问题的解决方式,两部作品则表现出了相异性,即相对《觉醒》的时代局限性,《金色笔记》体现了在女权发展问题上相对的理性和前瞻性。

高中语文散文类作品的群文阅读教学探究

群文阅读在散文教学中并不稀奇,但随着新的课程标准的实施以及高考改革方案的出台,群文阅读被高度重视。散文类群文阅读教学是在核心素养理念下进行的,有助于学生良好阅读习惯与读写能力的养成。开展散文类群文阅读教学要注意群文之间的知识衔接与教学方法的选择。本文拟从“以小见大”“知识比较”“目标清晰”“读写结合”四个方面开展散文类群文阅读教学探究,探索高中语文散文类群文阅读教学新途径、新方法。

Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis:Experience from 11 cases and review of the literature

AIM:To analyze the experience within our hospital and to review the literature so as to establish the best means of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. METHODS:The records of 11 patients (4 males,7 females, mean age 39 years,range 18-65 years) diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis in Harran University Hospital between January 1996 and October 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS:Ascites was present in all cases.Other common findings were weight loss (81%),weakness (81%),abdominal mass (72%),abdominal pain (72%),abdominal distension (63%),anorexia (45%) and night sweat (36%).The average hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dL and the average FAR was 50 mm/h (range 30-125).Elevated levels of cancer antigen CA-125 were determined in four patients.Abdominal ultrasound showed abnormalities in all cases:ascites in all,tuboovarian mass in five,omental thickening in 3,and enlarged lymph nodes (mesenteric,para-aortic) in 2.CT scans showed ascites in all,pelvic mass in 5,retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 4,mesenteric stranding in 4,omental stranding in 3, bowel wall thickening in 2 and mesenteric lymphadenopathy in 2.Only one patient had a chest radiograph suggestive of a new TB lesion.Two had a positive family history of pulmonary TB.None had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the sputum and the tuberculin test was positive in only two.Laparotomy was performed in 6 cases,laparoscopy in 4 and ultrasound- guided fine needle aspiration in 2.In those patients subjected to operation,the findings were multiple diffuse involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum,white ‘miliary nodules’or plaques,enlarged lymph nodes,ascites, ‘violin string’fibrinous strands,and omental thickening. Biopsy specimens showed granulomas,while ascitic fluid showed numerous lymphocytes.Both were negative for acid-fast bacilli by staining.PCR of ascitic fluid was positive for Mycobactenum tuberculosis ( M.tuberculosis) in all cases. CONCLUSION:Abdominal TB should be considered in all cases with ascites.Our experience suggests that PCR of ascitic fluid obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a reliable method for its diagnosis and should at least be attempted before surgical intervention.

An interpretation of alienation theme in J. D. Salinger＇s The catcher in the rye and Nine stories

J. D. Salinger is an alienated writer, who alienates himself from the dominant society. He is unsocial in character and unconventional in behavior. His reclusion can be regarded as the behavioral presentation of his alienation. Salinger also portrays many alienated characters in his The catcher in the rye and Nine stories. These alienated characters include children, adolescents and adults. They alienate themselves from dominant social culture, groups and even themselves. According to the analysis of these alienated protagonists from autobiographical and historical perspectives, the root of their alienation lies in the conflict between their searching for the ideal love and the absence of such love in the dominant society. So comparing with enjoying substantial life, Salinger＇s works can arouse people＇s interest and give more concern to their spiritual life.

Literature review of material evaluation

A literature-based review concerning why and how to evaluate language-teaching materials is presented with the purpose to facilitate English Language Teachers＇ awareness of material evaluation and assist their conduction.

The Catastrophic Effects of African Americans＇ Marginalisation in Ralph Ellison＇s Invisible Man and August Wilson＇s Fences： A Comparative Study

This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison＇s Invisible Man （1952） and August Wilson＇s Fences （1986）. In order to conduct this study, the researcher adopts African American approach and shows that double consciousness and black nihilism are the immediate effects of African Americans＇ marginalisation. According to W. E. B. Du Bois, all African Americans develop the sense of double consciousness which means being both African and American simultaneously. On the other hand, Cornel West believes that black Americans suffer from nihilism which means loss of hope and absence of meaning. The paper is an attempt to compare the novel Invisible Man and the play Fences thematically based on these two theories. It then looks to find the considerable similarities in the conditions of the protagonists of these two literary works. Although both protagonists migrate to the North to escape Southern racism in the era prior to the Civil Rights Movement, they become totally disillusioned, for they are treated as the invisible marginal. Interestingly though, at the end of both stories, there remains a ray of hope for reactivation and the creation of democracy for black Americans.

A Comparison between Heathcliff and Chillingworth from the Perspective of Romanticism

Heathcliff and Chillingworth are the two typical satan type heroes among literature works. To some extent, their revenge is similar, but there are also differences. However, there are few comparisons between the two heroes from the perspective of romanticism. From the analysis of the author＇s living background and their literary genre of the two works, the paper will analyse the reasons why Heathcliff and Chillingworth want to revenge, and reflect their similarities and differences in terms of their character, means, ending, and so on. The paper will analyse the two heroes by using the methods of literature data collection, text comparison and induction, and come to a conclusion that the romanticism carried by the two authors is influential in shaping the two satan type heroes. Thus to gain more details about the similarities of the two cruel revenger, and the differences of their individuality and different ways of revenge.

A Contrastive Analysis of Three English Translation of Camel Xiangzi from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

Nida＇ s Functional Equivalence Theory has made a great contribution to the translation industry, which means the translation should reach the functional equivalence between two languages rather than the rigid correspondence of the texts. Functional Equivalence Theory includes stylistic equivalence, glossary equivalence and passage equivalence. The literary work selected in this paper is a famous classic novel, Camel Xiangzi, in which the features of the language employed by author are fizll of＂Chinese characteristics.＂ Just because of the characteristics, the task is more difficult in the process of the wanslating. In this paper, it makes a contrastive analysis of the translations to the fourth chapter of Camel Xiangzi by using Nida＇s Functional Equivalence Theory. There are three kinds of English versions, which were selected from a Chinese-American translator Shi Xiaojing＇s translation Camel Xiangzi, American translator Evan King＇ s translation Rickshaw Boy and American translator Jean M.James＇ s translation Richshaw： the Novel Lo-t＇o Hsinang Tz~ Due to limited words, this paper mainly analyzes the novel from the glossary, the stylistic and the passage equivalence. The result is that Jean M.James＇ s translation maximizes to achieve Functional Equivalence Theory, it also tries to reach formal equivalence, and her Wanslafion compensates for lack of the theory. What＇ s more, it verifies the feasibility and directive significance in translation of functional equivalence.

Culture Survivance and Religion Healing： On Ojibwe Spirituality in Healing Trauma in LaRose

As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in her fictional world. Her attitude towards Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality has sparked a heated discussion among scholars and researchers in recent years. Under such academic atmosphere, therefore, LaRose is discussed in this paper. It is shown inLaRose that when white and tribal history come together, where Catholic and traditional spirit worlds intersect, and when Western legal justice cannot solve an ethical problem, Ojibwe spirituality can be used for healing trauma, which is represented through the tradition of adoption as a spiritual reparation, the acquisition of power through naming and biological inheritance and the practice of rituals and ceremonies, from all of which the healing power is derived. Rather than being a syncretism with Catholic, Ojibwe spirituality should preserve its own traditions and cultures to survive generational as well as individual trauma and maintain a culture survivance

Case Study of Three Arab American Language Identity： Bilingual, Binational, or Both

Growing applied linguistics research has discussed the upsurge of the usage of Arabic language among Arabic speakers in the United States （Bale, 2010; Sehlaoui, 2008）; language contact and conflict among Arab Americans （AAs） （Rouchdy, 2002）; and how mobility--both virtual and physical--influences their identities （Duff, 2015） This study researches how AAs define their affiliation to the Arabic language in the United States to understand their attitudes on language variety and ethnic diversity, religion and identity, and stereotypes of Arabs. After analyzing interviews, all three AA participants self-selected their identity based on linguistic and physical contexts Thus, the findings suggest further research on AAs should consider cyber identity as a factor for bilingual speakers and compare it with Arabic speakers in their home country

Remembrance and Exile in Argentina＇s Jewish Diaspora： The Poetry of Adriana Stein

In Ultimospoemas a Buenos Aires, Adriana Stein, like many contemporary Jewish Latin American writers,explores the nature of remembrance and exile within the context of social justice not only in the Americas, but also within the broader context of world politics. Her collection of poetry, published as an e-book in 2015, traces the legacy of the Jewish diaspora in Argentina through her own experiences and those of friends and family as she summons memories of the disappeared during the Dirty Wax from 1974 to 1983. Some of the poems contained this collection were first published under the name of Adrimm Stein Fourmma on the Proyecto desaparecidos for Argentina, the website dedicated to the memory of the victims of the military regime and to exposing their repressors. Themes of the marginalized or fragmented self as well as both internal and external exile common in works by diasporic communities throughout Jewish history also find expression in Stein＇s collection, along with the oft repeated history of Shoah. Indeed, through her poetry, Adriana Stein contributes to the wider discourse of the politics of identity that serves as literary testimony of the perpetual struggle for humma rights that focuses on diasporic societies in Latin America and elsewhere

Analysis on chivalry and its influence

Knights appeared and flourished in the Middle Ages. Some scholars call the Middle Ages the ages of knights. Knights were cavalrymen in heavy armors and played a decisive role in the battlefield in the Middle Ages. They were also an important social class and strictly abided by the code of chivalry, which had a far reaching impact on the social culture and attitudes towards women of the Western Europe even after the decline of the knighthood.

To sex in Ragtime

＂More than a book, it＇s an experience--startling, viscerally satisfying, and as joyous as a happy love affair--Cosmopolitan＂ （Doctorow, 19751）. E.L. Doctorow＇s masterpiece Ragtime has intrigued quite a great deal of critics＇ attention worldwide. However, ironically, hardly any attention was paid to the sex and lovemaking scenes in Ragtime which have been overshadowed by Doctorow＇s splendid and original post-modernist approaches. The author wants to take up this challenge and commit herself to the appearance and role of sex and lovemaking scenes in Ragtime and more importantly, the deeper meanings behind them. Hopefully, this paper will give new perspectives to the understanding of this novel.

On the Techniques of Translating Allusions

Allusions are full of cultural connotations. How to make people in different countries understand each ot^er？ Translation will be one useful way. Translation is the bridge of cultural communication. How can translators translate allusions correctly？ Firstly, translators should have a general idea about the specific cultural connotation of allusions. Each allusion has its own cultural background. Otherwise people would have difficulty in understanding allusions, and they may misunderstand them. Secondly, translators should try to find suitable methods in translating them. The result will be different if translators choose different methods

National Identity in Conflict： The Reconstruction of King Ly Thai To on Vietnamese Screen

Born as Ly Cong Uan, Ly Thai To is the first king of the Ly Dynasty. The most important contribution of Ly Thai To in Vietnamese history is to move the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, and rename it as Thang Long （Ascending Dragon） in 1010. Nowadays, it is known as Hanoi. Ly Thai To promoted Buddhism, and reduced the centuries-old influence of Confucianism in the kingdom. The growth and prevalence of Buddhism brought about a long period of peace, where Buddhist literature consequently flourished with seminal achievements. Due to King Ly Thai To＇s enormous contributions, the Vietnamese have created several legends and anecdotes to mystify his life. Thus, although a historical figure, his life remains a mystery and controversy. In 2010, Hanoi celebrated the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long. On this occasion, Vietnamese historical films about Ly Cong Uan were produced. This created intriguing variations within historical facts, legends, and on-screen stories. This paper will explore the reconstruction of Ly Cong Uan＇s life from an adaptation studies perspective through four historical films： Legend of the Capital Relocation （Huyen su thien do）, Thang Long Aspiration （Khat vong Thang Long）, Ly Cong Uan The Road to Thang Long Citadel （Ly Cong Uan： Dtrong toi thanh Thang Long）, Child of the Dragon （Ngtroi con cua Rong）. This research also wants to clarify the issues of national identity, nationalism, and cultural interaction reflected through the representations of Ly Thai To in those cinematic products

Appreciating literary translations as afterlives of the original work

In literary translation, the original was rewritten and transformed, resulting in the rebirth of the original work--the afterlives. Afterlives are embodied in the re-creation of national literature in other countries. With the translation of western novels at the e, nd of 19th century and the beginning of 20^th century in China, the themes in original novels were re-interpreted and re-invented in Chinese context. Moreover, modern aesthetic mode and value became popular, and ancient Chinese language was renovated into modern style. Afterlives can also be seen in the re-translation that is conducted with different interpretation in the same historical period as well as the re-translation that is performed not from the original language in different historical periods. Literary translators play instrumental role as active agents in the delivery of afterlives, extending and growing the original.

Alienation of the soul ,Interpretation of The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock

The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock is known as the first masterpiece of modernism poetry. Its protagonist Prufrock is not a concrete single person, but an abstraction of all modem men in trouble. He is alienated by women, time and space, and hence he is paralyzed and helpless. The use of dramatic monologue and stream of consciousness, quotation and allusions, objective correlative and startling imagery, irony and anti-climax, refrain and rhythm, fragmentation and juxtaposition not only deepens the theme, but also establishes Eliot＇s reputation as a leading modernist poet.

A Study on the Word-formation of Chinese Coordinative Compound Words Denoting Kinship＊

In Chinese, compound words denoting kinship axe frequently used. This paper classifies such words into two categories： coordinative and non-coordinative. Each type has subcategories. Under the framework of Distributed Morphology, this paper focuses on the coordinative compound words. They consist of two roots which finally form a NP with the category-giving morpheme. Besides, there are some idioms and infrequent uses which can be explained in the Encyclopedia.