我刊从下期开始公开发行

我刊于1986年始办,刊名《艺研动态》。1987年,西藏自治区新闻出版局批准,改刊名《西藏艺术研究》(藏文准字012),为季刊,此后内部发行六年,发表了重要的论文两百余篇,在全国很有影响。1991年,经西藏自治区新闻出版局研究,并报国家新闻出版署批准,同意我刊汉文版从1992年第一期起公开发行。刊号CN54—1024\J。我刊藏文版已于1989年公开发行,刊号CN54—1019。

新闻速写杂谈

最近一段时间以来,首都各报均在显著报面开辟了“新闻速写”专栏。如《经济日报》的“现场速写”、《光明日报》的“新闻速写”等,《人民日报》虽未正式挂名,但也时常发一些这类新闻。新闻速写正以其短小精湛的特点吸引着越来越多的新闻实践者,以适应当代读者的新闻需求。“速写”本为绘画专业术语,《现代汉语词典》中解释说,速写是“绘画的一种方法”,指“一边观察对象,一边用简单的线条把它的主要特点迅速画出来”;

略论宗杲的思想发展历程

大慧宗杲是禅宗史上一个非常重要的、划时代性的人物。宗杲的一生如果按照其思想的成熟与否来划分的话,可以分为两个重要阶段,第一个阶段就是游方参学以至思想最终确立的时期,第二个阶段是他思想确立以后大力弘扬禅法的时期。

新加坡宗乡总会拟设立世界华人移民博物馆

据新加坡消息,为了让华人后代对先辈们在世界各地艰苦奋斗创业的历史有所了解,再接再励,发扬先辈的拓荒精神和东方价值观,今年3月新加坡宗乡会馆联合总会主席黄祖耀欣然接受新闻及艺术部部长杨荣文准将的建议,拟把前南洋大学行政楼改成“华人移民博物馆”。 前南大行政楼和云南园的所在地是1953年福建会馆捐献的。当年,福建会馆捐出裕廊500英亩的土地创办南洋大学,槟城热心教育的富商林连登捐献50万元兴建这座红墙绿瓦、

印度公务员考试成全球最难

在印度,一提起某某人是政府公务员,听到的人往往会撇一撇嘴,他们一会羡慕,二会轻视。羡慕的是公务员享受的高福利,轻视的则是他们的低效率。尽管如此,一份低级别的公务员岗位,就能吸引230万份申请,其中还不乏名校毕业的研究生和硕士。近期,印度北方邦政府称,他们已经被收到的230万份公务员申请淹没了。如此多人趋之若鹜,只为了抢夺368个低级别的公务员岗位,

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL FOR SHORT DOCUMENTS

The major problem of the most current approaches of information models lies in that individual words provide unreliable evidence about the content of the texts. When the document is short, e.g. only the abstract is available, the word-use variability problem will have substantial impact on the Information Retrieval （IR） performance. To solve the problem, a new technology to short document retrieval named Reference Document Model （RDM） is put forward in this letter. RDM gets the statistical semantic of the query/document by pseudo feedback both for the query and document from reference documents. The contributions of this model are three-fold： （1） Pseudo feedback both for the query and the document; （2） Building the query model and the document model from reference documents; （3） Flexible indexing units, which can be ally linguistic elements such as documents, paragraphs, sentences, n-grams, term or character. For short document retrieval, RDM achieves significant improvements over the classical probabilistic models on the task of ad hoc retrieval on Text REtrieval Conference （TREC） test sets. Results also show that the shorter the document, the better the RDM performance.

Impact of and adaptation strategies for sea-level rise on Yangtze River Delta

The Yangtze River Delta characterized by a dense population and a rapidly developing economy is highly vulnerable to sea-level rise. The data from the China Oceanic Information Network and the Zhejiang Provincial Hydrology Bureau are used to analyze sea-level rise. The rate of sea-level rise in the delta was 2.4 mm per year in 1981-2015. The annual sea-level at Daishan, Dinghai, and Dongtou stations in the south wing of the delta were 4.3, 3.1, and 5 mm per year respectively over the same period. The 10-year averaged results at each station also indicate a perceptible trend of sea-level rise. Sea-level rise is contributed to a larger proportion of intensified erosion, ranging from 3% to 14% in the delta. Meanwhile, the 100-year return period of tidal level has decreased to the 50-year rank at Dongtou and Dinghai stations. Moreover, the arrival time of tidal bores at Yanguan is 4 min earlier under sea-level rise of 0.145 m than that of 0 m. The height of tidal bores and the velocities at the surface and bottom layers have an increase under sea-level rise. The maximum increases of high and low tide levels are 0.122 m and 0.016 m while the maximum increases of the velocities at the surface and bottom layers are 0.07 m s^- 1 and 0.05 m s ^-1, respectively. Sea-level rise will bring about the damage of seawall, thus the design standard of constructing seawalls should adopt a higher level to minimize the associated risks in the Yangtze River Delta and its south wing.

An Overview of Big Data Industry in China

The year of 2011 is considered the first year of big data market in China.Compared with the global scale,China's big data growth will be faster than the global average growth rate,and China will usher in the rapid expansion of big data market in the next few years.This paper presents the overall big data development in China in terms of market scale and development stages,enterprise development in the industry chain,the technology standards,and industrial applications.The paper points out the issues and challenges facing big data development in China and proposes to make polices and create support approaches for big data transactions and personal privacy protection.

Integration of Individualized Management Systems （MSs） as an Aggregating Factor of Sustainable Value for Organizations An Overview Through a Review of the Literature

Nowadays, there exist various standards for individual management systems （MSs）, at least, one for each stakeholder. New ones will be published. An integrated management system （IMS） aims to integrate some or all components of the business into one coherent and efficient MS. Maximizing integration is more and more a strategic priority in that it constitutes an opportunity to eliminate and/or reduce potential factors of destruction of value for the organizations and also to be more competitive and consequently promote its sustainable success. A preliminary investigation was conducted on a Portuguese industrial company which, over the years, has been adopting gradually, in whole or in part, individualized management system standards （MSSs）. A research, through a questionnaire, was performed with the objective to develop, in a real business environment, an adequate and efficient IMS-QES （quality, environment, and safety） model and to potentiate for the future a generic IMS model to integrate other MSSs. The strategy and research methods have taken into consideration the case study. It was obtained a set of relevant conclusions resulting from the statistical analyses of the responses to the survey. Globally, the investigation results, by themselves, justified and prioritized the conception of a model of development of the IMS-QES and consequent definition and validation of a structure of an IMS-QES model, to be implemented at the small- and medium-sized enterprise （SME） where the investigation was conducted.

Progression of Femmephobia in the LGBTQ＋ Community

All around, men are raised not to be a ＂sissy＂, ＂gay＂, or a ＂faggot＂. Gay men are, then sculpted by a masculinity framework that, from their early years, will not fully accept them. In an attempt to be accepted, gay men often try to make up for their homosexuality through the performance of masculinity centered on suppression of the feminine. Femmephobia, in this context, is the suppression or rejection of feminine features. In the LGBTQ＋ community, femmephobia is driven by the media and masculinity factors that are manifested in standards of attractiveness, but can also be broken down by media outlets that combat these ideas. Media has shaped gay men＇s perception of body image, standards of beauty, and have led to the progression of femmephobia within the community as a mode of restoring their masculinity that would not accept them. The introduction of alternative ideas of masculinity and gender perception are necessary for creating an inclusive form of masculinity that would promote a greater acceptance of all, and reduce femmephobia in society. Challenges against this masculinity are at work through various routes especially through the media. These venues are creating spaces where male femininity can be further explored and redefined.

Update of endoscopy in liver disease:More than just treating varices

The management of complications in liver disease is often complex and challenging.Endoscopy has undergone a period of rapid expansion with numerous novel and specialized endoscopic modalities that are of increasing value in the investigation and management of the patient with liver disease.In this review,relevant literature search and expert opinions have been used to provide a brief overview and update of the current endoscopic management of patients with liver disease and portal hypertension.The main areas covered are safety of endoscopy in patients with liver disease,the use of standard endoscopy for the treatment of varices and the role of new endoscopic modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound,esophageal capsule,argon plasma coagulation,spyglass and endomicroscopy in the investigation and treatment of liver-related gastrointestinal and biliary pathology.It is clear that the role of the endoscopy in liver disease is well beyond that of just treating varices.As the technology in endoscopy expands,so does the role of the endoscopist in liver disease.

Anemia as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure

Objective： To correlate file presence of anemia with mortality in hospitalized patients with decompensated HF （heart failure）. Methods： A total of 148 patients hospitalized for HF compensation were analyzed from April 1 to December 31, 2017 in a tertiary referral hospital for cardiovascular diseases. The diagnosis of anemia was established according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health criteria, considering a serum hemoglobin value of 〈 13 g/alL for men and 〈 12 g/dL for women. Data were collected through medical and physical attendance records. Statistical analysis was performed using the Epi Info program, version 7.0 for Windows, with Student＇ s t test for unpaired variables, Chi-square test and Fischer test. The significance ofp 〈 0.05 was considered. Results： Of the 148 selected patients, 63.5% were male, 60.1% were over 65 years old, 50.74% were enrolled in the first grade, and 93.2% were self-declared white. The prevalence of anemia observed in the study population was 72 （56.25%）, of which 49 （68%） were male and 23 （32%） were female. The mortality rate of the anemic patients was 19.4%, a total of 14 patients, whereas the non-anemic patients rate was 7.9%. It was observed that patients with worse outcome had hemoglobin 〈 12rag/alL （p = 0.045） and Functional Class （FC IV） by the New York Heart Association （NYHA） （p = 0.0001） at hospital admission. Conclusions： It is noticed that anemia is a frequent finding in patients with HF and that it interferes in the clinical manifestations, with worsening of the prognosis. Anemia treatment is not yet standarized in the HF approach, but patients without anemia appear to evolve with more favorable outcomes than anemia.

The development of an evidence-informed Convergent Care Theory:Working together to achieve optimal health outcomes

Background Healthcare is a complex and divergent system with uncertainty,unpredictability,and multi-layered stakeholders.The relationships among the stakeholders are multifaceted and dynamic,requiring continual interpersonal connections,networks,and co-evolution.It is pivotal to have an evidence-informed theory to explain the phenomenon,uniting the multifaceted stakeholders’efforts.Purpose To describe the development of an evidence-informed theory,the Convergent Care Theory,assembling healthcare stakeholders to work together and achieve optimal health outcomes.Methods The Convergent Care Theory was developed using a theory synthesis approach based on empirical research and literature reviews published by the theory-proposing author.The empirical evidence was categorized into:patients and families,healthcare providers,healthcare organizations,and patients’and healthcare providers’self-care.Results The Convergent Care Theory includes four concepts:all-inclusive organizational care,healthcare professional collaborative care,person-centered precision care,and patients’and healthcare providers’self-care.Achieving convergent care is a process requiring all stakeholders to work together.Six major facilitators emerged from the research evidence:competence,compassion,accountability,trusting,sharing,and engaging.Conclusion This article introduced the development process of the evidence-informed Convergent Care Theory.Healthcare systems are complex,with multiple stakeholders’needs to meet.The Convergent Care Theory strives to unite healthcare stakeholders,bond resources,and join forces to achieve optimal healthcare outcomes.The underpinning of the theory is a caring culture,which is an underlying code for organizational and team behaviors and the foundation of optimal health outcomes.

Research on General Financial Message Standards and Their Application

New challenges have been posed to the infornmtion exchange and interconn,u;fion in financial industry with the innovalion of financial business and the development of infarmation techtinlogy. From the perspective of financial message standardization. ISO 20022 puts forward a set of sohaions and ideas for information exchange, which have been recognized in financiat industry all around the world. Considering the variety of financial message standards and message exchange modes, it is essential to strengthen the development and application of general message standards for financial industry and build：up the general m^sage exchange platform, which wild play a significant role in guiding lhe slandardized developmenl of industry, implementing financial s/andardizalion slralegies, and enhancing the level of inlerconneclion.

Accounting Regulation Research and Structuration Theory

This paper considers accounting regulation research from a structuration and cultural perspective. Therefore, accounting regulation research spans over three spheres of enquiry： （1） an accounting focus of standard-setting; （2） a cultural analysis in an empirical context; and （3） the use of a research methodology drawn from Anthony Giddens＇ structuration theory. In such approach, accounting regulation research analyzes the accounting regulation actors drawing upon the cultures in their standard-setting actions and interactions, referring to Giddens＇ three structural properties of meaning, power, and morality. The integration of these three spheres of enquiry is not entirely original. A few prior studies have similar combinations： Although they stress the uses and consequences of accounting systems in producing and reproducing organizational culture and negotiating meaning at the organizational level, this paper chooses the research approach of contextual analysis of accounting systems at more macro-societal and cultural levels. This different research interest and design provides this paper with its distinguishable characteristic from the prior similar studies.

The Translation of a Few Words With Old-Fashioned Meanings in Pride and Prejudice

Word meanings change with time. This paper analyzes the meanings of three language units from Jane Austen＇s Pride and Prejudice and their Chinese renderings by seven translators. These three units are recollect, handsome, and come upon the town. By studying the linguistic, situational, or cultural contexts of each language unit, the analysis shows that of the renderings of these three language units, the accuracy rate is three out of seven, one out of seven, and two out of seven respectively. The paper points out that one of the most important causes of the low accuracy rates is that these language units denote old-fashioned meanings. Another cause of the low accuracy rates is that some of the translators are not careful enough in their identification of the meanings of these language units. The paper suggests that in the translation of a classic novel like Pride and Prejudice, translators need to analyze carefully the linguistic, situational, or cultural contexts of a tricky language unit in the novel for very likely it denotes an old-fashioned meaning. Translators could also consult and compare what a tricky language unit means in other places of the novel, use an encyclopedic dictionary instead of a dictionary of contemporary English, and study the notes on tricky words in the novel made by established scholars.

Political Correctness in American English and Its Implication in TEFL

Political correctness （PC） is both a cultural existence and a language phenomenon. It is used to describe language policies intending to avoid offense or disadvmatages to specific groups in society reflecting the language norms of the Americans as well as withdrawing from language discrimination. This paper traces briefly the history of political correctness in American English, make analysis of the connotations of politically correct terms in American English, and illustrates the influence PC has on American English. Finally, some implications in political correctness in TEFL （Teaching English as a Foreign Language） were drawn with the intention to enhance learners＇ competency in language as well as intercultural communication.

Hermeneutics of Identity： Latin American Philosophy＇s Search for Self-dependence

Does a Latin American Philosophy that is more than a copy of European thought exist？ This question determines the historical-systematic presentation of important philosophical approaches in the 20th century in the Spanish speaking part of Latin America. Jos6 Marti＇s essay, ＂Our America＂ （1891）, offers the essential topics of Latin American philosophy （liberation, literal plurality, continental and national identity, anti-positivistic emotionalism and intuitionalism, mestizo-philosophy, indigenous wisdom, unity of universal and regional principles, social-practical, ethical and intercultural orientation）. These topics are paradigmatically outlined by means of the portraits of pioneering poets, philosophers, and traditions of Latin America. The most convincing approach of the present seeks for an intercultural formatting and performance of philosophical issues, which includes a sensibility for the hybrid character of many Latin American realities and the attempt to identify universal insights in local traditions. Latin American intercultural philosophy avoids relativism and relies on discovering and developing communal ethical standards which link cultures.

Construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata(Eustigmatophyceae)

We constructed and characterized a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata CS-179,and obtained 905 nonredundant sequences(NRSs) ranging from 431-1 756 bp in length.Among them,496 were very similar to nonredundant ones in the GenBank(E ≤1.0e-05),and 349 ESTs had significant hits with the clusters of eukaryotic orthologous groups(KOG).Bases G and/or C at the third position of codons of 14 amino acid residues suggested a strong bias in the conserved domain of 362 NRSs(>60%).We also identified the unigenes encoding phosphorus and nitrogen transporters,suggesting that N.oculata could efficiently transport and metabolize phosphorus and nitrogen,and recognized the unigenes that involved in biosynthesis and storage of both fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs),which will facilitate the demonstration of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) biosynthesis pathway of N.oculata.In comparison with the original cDNA library,the normalized library significantly increased the efficiencies of random sequencing and rarely expressed genes discovering,and decreased the frequency of abundant gene sequences.

Definition of Language and Art in the Context of the Evolution Theory

The problem of human language, arithmetic, and art was studied in the context of the definition ＂civilization＂ on the basis of Darwin＇s theory. The author defines civilization as ＂survival of the weak＂. The author supposes that language and art were invented by the men to describe their heroic deeds for the women in order to be selected by them for reproduction. In other words, language and art became a selection criterions together with beauty and presents. Finally, the author defines language and art.