Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that onl...Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that only 15 groups with 2500 individuals remain in the wild. However, the Tibetan Xiaochangdu group may be the only equilibrium group in the field since the last investigation in 1988. To evaluate the effects of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on biodiversity conservation of R. bieti, we conducted a case study in the Honglaxueshan National Nature Reserve in southeast Tibet from June 2003 to May 2005. Interviews, direct observations, and analysis of socioeconomic data indicated major advantages to the conservation of R. bieti, which included that: 1) traditional culture mainly depended on raising livestock and collecting non-timber products rather than forest planting of Tibetan highland barley; 2) religious beliefs, against to kill any wildlife living on the sacred mountain, were mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism; and 3) bigger household numbers were induced by the polyandrous marriage system, which resulted in lower per capita resource consumption than smaller ones.展开更多
Cultural heritage is seen as a cultural capital. The heritage tourism increases the local employment and income, however, brings some problems at the same time, changing the traditional living way and industrial struc...Cultural heritage is seen as a cultural capital. The heritage tourism increases the local employment and income, however, brings some problems at the same time, changing the traditional living way and industrial structure. The sustainability of economic development by tourism is also questioned. Fujian Tulou is a world heritage site in China, inscribed in 2008. The nomination has brought great changes to the sites, especially the flourishing tourism industries by the local communities as well as the tourism companies. The latter also take part in the management of the heritage site and get most of the income. The data in economic areas is analyzed in this study and explains the cultural tourism as a positive drive for the local economy, which contributes little to the life of locals. With the analysis of the changes and benefits from the tourism, we have found that tourism, as a dominant industry, might be a potential negative element for heritage conservation. According to the different situations of sites in Fujian Tulou, a proper planning of management is in need to integrate the tourism, conservation and development.展开更多
English is the world' s most widely used one language, English and Anglo-American culture is also included in the impact on the world. The official language English is not just Britain and other countries, but also o...English is the world' s most widely used one language, English and Anglo-American culture is also included in the impact on the world. The official language English is not just Britain and other countries, but also one of the main working languages of the United Nations. Under the trend of economic globalization, the English influence is gradually increased. Speaking from Europe, about half of the enterprises to carry out the business is conducted in English, but the vast majority of information exchange and transfer the whole world need to rely on English to complete. Thus, English is an international language. Because of this huge influence of English, many countries have carried out a study and research of English.展开更多
The current research aims to find out whether the model of the retailer's relational satisfaction, developed in a western setting is relevant in a different economic and cultural field of investigation: the Tunisian...The current research aims to find out whether the model of the retailer's relational satisfaction, developed in a western setting is relevant in a different economic and cultural field of investigation: the Tunisian post 2011 revolution's emerging context, and in a different industry: the retail industry. It explores the distinctive economic and cultural features that affect the retailer's relational satisfaction with its consumer goods manufacturers. The study employs a survey based on a face-to-face administered questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty four responses from a survey with Tunisian retailers as well as international retailers operating in Tunisia were obtained. All constructs are measured using five-point Likert type scales (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Analyses are conducted using exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The results support the original model with however some differences derived from the Tunisian economic setting as a whole, the characteristics of the Tunisian consumer goods industry as well as the clan characteristic feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture. Thus, the amount of discounts obtained, does no longer contribute to the retailer's economic satisfaction. Moreover, when it comes to social satisfaction, the respondents get uncomfortable, even to deal with a potential negative interaction with their suppliers. For retail companies involved in internationalization in the Maghreb Region, and especially in Tunisia, it seems that other competitive advantages than prices are to be developed, such as the development of private label or other services that create positive perceived value for the Tunisian customer. From a cultural standpoint, western managers have rather to go away from a formalized channel relationship management, while taking into account the importance of interpersonal influence. The study sheds light on the heterogeneity of the so-called Arab-Muslim world. This is highlighted in the management of channel relationship in Tunisia, that is influenced by: (1) The government's price regulation and control, especially in many food products; (2) The relative weak importance of discounts in gaining retailer's economic satisfaction; (3) The reshaping of the local retailing sector due to the arrival of international retail companies; (4) The clan feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture that advocates putting priority on interpersonal influence in channel relationship's management.展开更多
Such an extremely difficult issue as cultural diversity is confronted by the existence and evolution of enterprises with the rapid development of global economy of the present. If the establishment is to boost competi...Such an extremely difficult issue as cultural diversity is confronted by the existence and evolution of enterprises with the rapid development of global economy of the present. If the establishment is to boost competitiveness, it must have a quite good knowledge of target market so as to formulate some efficient strategies of broadcasting in its management, and the best way to resolve such problem is to eliminate cultural barriers with the adoption of the transmission of cross-cultural advertisements. This thesis shall research cultural diversities between eastern nations and western ones, and explore the effect the diversities have upon cross-cultural transmission, thus to propose an approach of eliminating cultural isolation with the adoption of effective techniques and manners of the transmission of cross-cultural advertisements.展开更多
This study was carried out within the European research project "Biology, Health and Environmental Education for Better Citizenship". It is a comparative analysis of textbooks from eight Mediterranean countries whic...This study was carried out within the European research project "Biology, Health and Environmental Education for Better Citizenship". It is a comparative analysis of textbooks from eight Mediterranean countries which differ by their cultures, their socio-economical levels, and their religions. This work is focused on the sensitive educational topic "Human Reproduction and Sex Education". And 43 biology textbooks are analyzed among eight countries: four are in Europe and four in Africa and Middle East. Grids were built to identify implicit values in the texts and images. It is a more precisely explicit or implicit presence of cultural, socio-economical, and ethical dimensions. The investigation concerns whether the authors of textbooks present differently this theme depending on the socio-cultural, ethical, and religious contexts. The content of the textbooks was analyzed as reflecting the conceptions of their authors and publishers. The outcomes of the analyses show that several textbooks present images of human beings restricted to only one ethnic type, usually white-skinned and with fair hair. The social, cultural, economical, and ethical dimensions were generally absent, except for some interest for them in few European textbooks.展开更多
In resent years the entrepreneurial city is a ne w popular concept in the field of the economy and the development of the western cities At present the scholars of our country just begin to research about it. This ess...In resent years the entrepreneurial city is a ne w popular concept in the field of the economy and the development of the western cities At present the scholars of our country just begin to research about it. This essay tries to analyze the connotation and the function of the entrepreneurial city, and also analyzes the function and the mechanism of the improvement of the Competitiveness of the city.展开更多
Recently more and more people talk about "globalization" with loads of semasiological variety: mainly economic but also cultural. Many perceive it as a significant progress, others as an undisputed threat. However,...Recently more and more people talk about "globalization" with loads of semasiological variety: mainly economic but also cultural. Many perceive it as a significant progress, others as an undisputed threat. However, despite the euphoria that faces this phenomenon, globalization is an evolving process. The fact remains that this is a progressive development of economic, scientific, political, and cultural aspects of all peoples of planet Earth turning it into a big city with many differences, in particular in education and educational activities. This paper will try to illuminate fundamental issues as: (1} understanding the notion of globalization in relation to both pedagogical principles in the field: the integrity and completeness; (2) elements of globalization, as a necessary process and development factor; and (3) "education for all" challenges for the twenty-first century. The content of global education in the scientific publication is given analytical processing, linking globalization in education with the development of democracy and human rights, global ethics, the influence of European norms, standards and the global world, the impact of European and world norms and standards, as well as the penetration of global civic cultural elements.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-1-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870375, 31071937)the Central South University of Forestry & Technology (101-0654)
文摘Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that only 15 groups with 2500 individuals remain in the wild. However, the Tibetan Xiaochangdu group may be the only equilibrium group in the field since the last investigation in 1988. To evaluate the effects of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on biodiversity conservation of R. bieti, we conducted a case study in the Honglaxueshan National Nature Reserve in southeast Tibet from June 2003 to May 2005. Interviews, direct observations, and analysis of socioeconomic data indicated major advantages to the conservation of R. bieti, which included that: 1) traditional culture mainly depended on raising livestock and collecting non-timber products rather than forest planting of Tibetan highland barley; 2) religious beliefs, against to kill any wildlife living on the sacred mountain, were mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism; and 3) bigger household numbers were induced by the polyandrous marriage system, which resulted in lower per capita resource consumption than smaller ones.
文摘Cultural heritage is seen as a cultural capital. The heritage tourism increases the local employment and income, however, brings some problems at the same time, changing the traditional living way and industrial structure. The sustainability of economic development by tourism is also questioned. Fujian Tulou is a world heritage site in China, inscribed in 2008. The nomination has brought great changes to the sites, especially the flourishing tourism industries by the local communities as well as the tourism companies. The latter also take part in the management of the heritage site and get most of the income. The data in economic areas is analyzed in this study and explains the cultural tourism as a positive drive for the local economy, which contributes little to the life of locals. With the analysis of the changes and benefits from the tourism, we have found that tourism, as a dominant industry, might be a potential negative element for heritage conservation. According to the different situations of sites in Fujian Tulou, a proper planning of management is in need to integrate the tourism, conservation and development.
文摘English is the world' s most widely used one language, English and Anglo-American culture is also included in the impact on the world. The official language English is not just Britain and other countries, but also one of the main working languages of the United Nations. Under the trend of economic globalization, the English influence is gradually increased. Speaking from Europe, about half of the enterprises to carry out the business is conducted in English, but the vast majority of information exchange and transfer the whole world need to rely on English to complete. Thus, English is an international language. Because of this huge influence of English, many countries have carried out a study and research of English.
文摘The current research aims to find out whether the model of the retailer's relational satisfaction, developed in a western setting is relevant in a different economic and cultural field of investigation: the Tunisian post 2011 revolution's emerging context, and in a different industry: the retail industry. It explores the distinctive economic and cultural features that affect the retailer's relational satisfaction with its consumer goods manufacturers. The study employs a survey based on a face-to-face administered questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty four responses from a survey with Tunisian retailers as well as international retailers operating in Tunisia were obtained. All constructs are measured using five-point Likert type scales (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Analyses are conducted using exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The results support the original model with however some differences derived from the Tunisian economic setting as a whole, the characteristics of the Tunisian consumer goods industry as well as the clan characteristic feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture. Thus, the amount of discounts obtained, does no longer contribute to the retailer's economic satisfaction. Moreover, when it comes to social satisfaction, the respondents get uncomfortable, even to deal with a potential negative interaction with their suppliers. For retail companies involved in internationalization in the Maghreb Region, and especially in Tunisia, it seems that other competitive advantages than prices are to be developed, such as the development of private label or other services that create positive perceived value for the Tunisian customer. From a cultural standpoint, western managers have rather to go away from a formalized channel relationship management, while taking into account the importance of interpersonal influence. The study sheds light on the heterogeneity of the so-called Arab-Muslim world. This is highlighted in the management of channel relationship in Tunisia, that is influenced by: (1) The government's price regulation and control, especially in many food products; (2) The relative weak importance of discounts in gaining retailer's economic satisfaction; (3) The reshaping of the local retailing sector due to the arrival of international retail companies; (4) The clan feature of the Tunisian collectivistic culture that advocates putting priority on interpersonal influence in channel relationship's management.
文摘Such an extremely difficult issue as cultural diversity is confronted by the existence and evolution of enterprises with the rapid development of global economy of the present. If the establishment is to boost competitiveness, it must have a quite good knowledge of target market so as to formulate some efficient strategies of broadcasting in its management, and the best way to resolve such problem is to eliminate cultural barriers with the adoption of the transmission of cross-cultural advertisements. This thesis shall research cultural diversities between eastern nations and western ones, and explore the effect the diversities have upon cross-cultural transmission, thus to propose an approach of eliminating cultural isolation with the adoption of effective techniques and manners of the transmission of cross-cultural advertisements.
文摘This study was carried out within the European research project "Biology, Health and Environmental Education for Better Citizenship". It is a comparative analysis of textbooks from eight Mediterranean countries which differ by their cultures, their socio-economical levels, and their religions. This work is focused on the sensitive educational topic "Human Reproduction and Sex Education". And 43 biology textbooks are analyzed among eight countries: four are in Europe and four in Africa and Middle East. Grids were built to identify implicit values in the texts and images. It is a more precisely explicit or implicit presence of cultural, socio-economical, and ethical dimensions. The investigation concerns whether the authors of textbooks present differently this theme depending on the socio-cultural, ethical, and religious contexts. The content of the textbooks was analyzed as reflecting the conceptions of their authors and publishers. The outcomes of the analyses show that several textbooks present images of human beings restricted to only one ethnic type, usually white-skinned and with fair hair. The social, cultural, economical, and ethical dimensions were generally absent, except for some interest for them in few European textbooks.
文摘In resent years the entrepreneurial city is a ne w popular concept in the field of the economy and the development of the western cities At present the scholars of our country just begin to research about it. This essay tries to analyze the connotation and the function of the entrepreneurial city, and also analyzes the function and the mechanism of the improvement of the Competitiveness of the city.
文摘Recently more and more people talk about "globalization" with loads of semasiological variety: mainly economic but also cultural. Many perceive it as a significant progress, others as an undisputed threat. However, despite the euphoria that faces this phenomenon, globalization is an evolving process. The fact remains that this is a progressive development of economic, scientific, political, and cultural aspects of all peoples of planet Earth turning it into a big city with many differences, in particular in education and educational activities. This paper will try to illuminate fundamental issues as: (1} understanding the notion of globalization in relation to both pedagogical principles in the field: the integrity and completeness; (2) elements of globalization, as a necessary process and development factor; and (3) "education for all" challenges for the twenty-first century. The content of global education in the scientific publication is given analytical processing, linking globalization in education with the development of democracy and human rights, global ethics, the influence of European norms, standards and the global world, the impact of European and world norms and standards, as well as the penetration of global civic cultural elements.