不在场主体的遮蔽——关于文学史主体界定的思考

对文学史主体及主体性的界定,可从以下几点入手:首先认识到文学史内涵的双重性特征;其次认识到文学史研究的过程性特点;再次从文学史研究的过程性特点出发来阐述文学史主体的特性。这样,文学史主体并不是单单主体性所能涵盖,而应该呈现为主体间性的特点。

主体论文学史观批判——以“二十世纪中国文学”为例

以“二十世纪中国文学”概念为代表的主体论文学史观,是20世纪80年代现当代文学史研究中最具影响力的阐释范畴。主体论文学史观强调20世纪中国文学发展的“整体性”,要求将“文学史从社会政治史的简单比附中独立出来”,主体论文学史观的这一诉求是针对革命文学史观而提出的,它是主体论文艺学在现当代文学研究领域内的具体化,也是新启蒙主义思潮的一个组成部分。本质主义的思维方式、进化论的历史观,以及隐含于这一范畴中的意识形态属性,导致主体论文学史观在90年代后走向衰落。

从历史理解到价值建构——论文学史家的一般素质

任何一种原生态的文学史本体 ,唯有经过带有特定价值目标和取向原则的文学史主体 ,亦即文学史家的选择 ,并被置于某种思想规范和文学史构架之中 ,才能显示出自身的意义和价值。文学史研究首先要求文学史家们德识兼备 ,实事求是 ,纪史以实 ,同时还应具备跨学科、多层次的知识体系 ,只有这样才能为文学史建构一种具有开放性的研究途径和解释系统 。

An evaluative system for restructuring the literary history of modern China

China is now in an era of multiple values. While there is some virtue in previous theories on the history of literature based on the theory of evolution, class struggle and the enlightenment, when it comes to the twenty-first century, the histories of modem Chinese literature used in teaching are farfrom adequate for meeting the developmental needs of the times, society and literature. This is especially so in view of the putting forward of the goals of ＂putting people first＂ and ＂the harmonious society,＂ and the great changes taking place in time and space, the function of literature and aesthetic taste. Hence there is an urgent need to restructure this history and establish a more fair, equal and reasonable system of evaluation. Such a system would have humanism as its highest principle, and truth, goodness and beauty as its three virtues. Its great superiority would be its functional characteristics of universality, transcendence, fairness, and human-centeredness.