对寻根文学中文学性批判之不足的反思——以《爸爸爸》、《小鲍庄》为例

作为文学批判的文本,韩少功的《爸爸爸》和王安忆的《小鲍庄》在取得其成绩的同时,也暴露了各自在文学性方面的不足,这种不足主要在于作者还没有形成自己对于"寻根"的理解,没有突破别人在"寻根"上和批判上所取得的经验,所以也表露了它们文学性批判之不足。

从文学批判到文学性批判

文学批判作为人们熟悉的形式,至今仍然发挥着作用。然而从现实的文学发展来说,我们更希望文学性批判。这不仅因为面对大众消费文化的兴起,我们需要精神境界的提高,而且因为文学性批判也是体现高度文学价值的需要和文学应有的独特性和创造性的必然。

The ＂Pictorial Turn＂ as Crisis and the Necessity of a Critique of Visual Culture

The ＂Pictorial＂ or ＂Iconic Turn＂ is a central issue in the contemporary theory of images and visual cultural studies. Should the theories concerning the ＂Iconic Turn＂ and formulated in the last 20 years by scholars such as Gottfried Boehm, William Mitchell, Hans Belting be taken as critical theories of crisis？ Is the currently experienced ＂turn towards images＂ （and their progressive rehabilitation after a long standing philosophical and theological rejection） a sign and symptom of some crisis of people＇s relation with images, language and, generally speaking, with the representation forms of reality？ The main hypothesis of this essay envisages two sets of problems： first, the analysis of the relation between the possible idea of turning point and the concept of crisis; secondly, the thorough investigation of the relation connecting the iconic turn to the project of ＂critical iconology＂ or ＂critique of visual culture,＂ as outlined by Hans Belting and William Mitchell. From the interpretation of the ＂Iconic Turn＂ as situation of crisis and aesthetic, anthropological, and epistemological transformation follows the need for the sciences of image to provide a ＂critical iconology＂ in order to be able to theoretically reformulate the ideological and political presuppositions of some dominant contemporary forms of visual representation.

Studies on Interdiscursivity

The present paper defines interdiscursivity as the mixing of diverse genres, discourses, or styles in a single text. It also traces the origin of interdiscursivity and takes it as a special kind of intertextuality. Then the paper gives a review of interdiscursivity studies in literary and non-literary fields. The former is usually conducted from the stylistic approach, while the latter from the CDA （critical discourse analysis） approach. The contributions and limitations of the previous studies are also summarized with the purpose of presenting an objective picture of the research. Based upon the detailed review, the paper offers some perspectives for the future research. It is hoped that this will shed some light on our understanding of interdiscursivity.

Writing as a Supplement： Jacques Derrida＇s Deconstructive Reading of Rousseau＇s Confessions

The present study constitutes a critical appraisal of the deconstructive reading of Rousseau＇s Confessions that Derrida undertakes in the second part of Of Grammatology. In this examination, the author will first list some of the significations into which Derrida disperses （forced, as he asserts himself, by an ＂inassimilable residue＂ in the text itself） the meaning that he has already construed as apparently simple during the first moment of deconstructive reading （i.e., ＂the doubling commentary＂）; the author will then go on to enquire into the operations which enable Derrida to arrive at these self-conflicting significations. The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate that it is not language alone that disables the philosophy of Rousseau and enables the philosophy of Derrida. When Derrida attempts to support his philosophy through an analysis of Rousseau＇s theory of language and the alleged contradictions in Rousseau＇s texts, he misinterprets basic tenets of these texts in order to make them conform to the presuppositions of the deconstructive approach. The ＂reversal＂ and ＂displacement＂ of metaphysical conceptuality in the text of the Confessions is made possible after the text has had meanings transposed into it from a plurality of other texts. Derrida attributes to the text significations he discovers by construing, explicating and over-reading passages that occur elsewhere in Rousseau＇s total oeuvre （especially in the Essay on the Origin of Languages）.

Speed, Uncertainty, and Origin of Disaster

Progress and disaster are two sides of the same coin. Text analyzes the two main themes. Firstly, the treatise attempts at a philosophical analysis of the categories--speed and disaster in Paul Virilio dromology. The development of high technical speeds would thus result in the disappearance of consciousness as the direct perception of phenomena that inform us of our own existence. Dromological research by Paul Virilio presents a critical analysis of the consequences for our perception and logistics caused by polar inertia, inertia of absolute speed. The second part of the study discusses the word--accident. Accident is inseparable from the speed. Virilio＇s texts deal with the impact of speed, disaster, and accident on the contemporary world. Speed and accident create a new form of uncertainty in society.

A Critical Comparative Study of the Lifeboat Ethics and Humanist Ethics

Both the Lifeboat ethics and Humanist ethics are very popular in our contemporary world. The Lifeboat ethics, which deals with the gap between the rich and the poor and the moral responsibility of the former towards the latter, is based on the Lifeboat theory which is a product of human reason that includes some scientific considerations as regards the engineering safety measures of the lifeboat. Thus, the Lifeboat ethics utilizes both reason and science. In a similar vein, Humanist ethics is also based on human reason and scientific methods. Notwithstanding these common grounds in the sources of the aforementioned ethics, there are dissimilarities in their respective ethical values that outnumber the similarities. This study critically compares these two types of ethics and further examines their similarities and dissimilarities.

On the Innovation of Literary Theory in China

China＇s rise has increased concerns about innovation in China＇s indigenous literary theory. How to create theories with a ＂China style＂ and global influence has become a serious challenge for the development of contemporary Chinese literary theory. Three strategies are noteworthy in meeting this challenge. First, ＂amateurism in professionalism＂ can be used to offset the constraints of increasing disciplinization and professionalization in literary theory. Second, critical rationality needs to be cultivated among researchers and in institutional forms in order to alter the present lack of rational and vigorous debate, criticism and dialogue. Third, we need to reconstruct ＂grand narratives,＂ so as to make a unique contribution to the world in terms of universal values, meanings and ethics through transforming and advancing traditional Chinese thought.