语言规范和言语规范

以往谈“规范”不分语言和言语，实际上是着眼于“语言”，强调规范的同质性和一致性，以民族共同语的“集中表现”、其主要形式是书面语的“文学语言”为语言规范的标准。这种对规范的认识有片面性。必须同时从言语层面人手，正视言语规范具有多体性这样的现实，才能使我们有关规范的理论发挥更普遍、更切言语实际的指导作用。本文提出了“言语规范”这一命题，认为不同语体有不尽相同的规范标准和要求，本文着重讨论了谈话语体和艺术语体的言语特点及其规范问题。

On the Construction of Literary Images from Vague Language

Literary image is the universal phenomenon in literary works. The construction of literary images depends on the vague indication and allusive function in language. This paper mainly probes into the construction of literary images from vague language in the following aspects： the use of polysemy, homonymy and pun; the application of indefiniteness; through divergence of language; and the exaggeration of numerals with vague indication.