海德鲁铝业公司关停格雷文布罗伊铝箔厂部分产能

格雷文布罗伊(Grevenbroich)轧制厂位于德国莱茵(Rheinland)地区的一个小镇上,是全球技术最先进的最大的双零箔生产企业,自1922年开始生产铝箔以来一直是全世界久负盛誉的铝箔企业,同时一直在扩大规模。2019年9月25日对外宣称要关掉部分生产能力,这可是该厂生产史上第一次。海德鲁铝业公司轧制部副总裁埃·覆没洛姆内斯(E. Glomnes)称:"我们部分铝箔生产成本过高,主要是人员密集和手工操作造成的,同时在该细分市场也面临激烈的竞争。因此计划关闭部分生产能力。"

穿粗文布裤与肌肉的疲劳

粗文布料裤应作为劳动和消遣娱乐穿着,但年轻人多经常的穿着,乍一看好象是紧束度很高。本文就这种裤子是否妨碍下肢肌肉活动的问题进行探讨。粗文布裤在美国西部较为普及,日本是在60年代末作为喜爱的商品成为年轻人的装束。70年代末这种商品销路达到了顶峰。近年来,喜爱放荡松弛的流行的粗料裤和伸缩性好的合体的粗料裤。从1988年的夏天以来,紧身风格的粗料裤又一次出现流行。藤原认为:这种粗料裤被喜爱的原因,是因为:1.结实耐穿;2.稍有污染也不会被发现;3.制作简单:4.

试析夏河文布塘土语

文章以藏族传统文法与现代语言学为理论依据,从历史和现实角度入手,探讨了如何正确理解、认识甘南夏河方言及其分类问题,进而对这一方言中极具地域特色的文布塘土语中的特殊词汇、语音以及语法现象进行了分析。

西藏措勤盆地下二叠统-下三叠统碳酸盐岩牙形石生物地层划分

措勤盆地下二叠统昂杰组之上广泛发育碳酸盐岩沉积,前人先后对这套碳酸盐岩进行了解体,建立了多个地层单元。本次报道剖面为盆地中的二叠系—三叠系的连续整合沉积剖面,通过牙形石研究在这套碳酸盐岩中识别出了下二叠统—下三叠统的5个牙形石带,即:Mesogondolella siciliensis-Sweetognathodus subsymmetricus带、Mesogondolella idahoensis带、Jingondolella aserrata带、Clarkina meishanensis带、Neospathodus dieneri带,并将下拉组时代修订为下二叠统空谷期—中二叠统末。

Fuzzy Words Distribution in Management Science Research Articles

By using ZHANG Qiao＇s method for identifying fuzzy words （1998）, the present paper makes a statistic analysis of fuzzy words appearing in about 43,000 words of 6 academic research articles in management science. A distribution curve of fuzzy words in management research articles is drawn in accordance with the structures of the articles, and it is proved to be reasonable for tile discourse function of each section. Furthermore, the fuzzy words are divided into three categories and eleven sub-categories, including Category Ⅰ-fuzzy words, Category Ⅱ-fuzzy words＋non-fuzzy part / non-fuzzy part＋fuzzy words, Category Ⅲ-approximators＋fuzzy words. Distribution of fuzzy words varies in different sections of research articles in management science, because of different communicative purposes or discourse functions. Introduction section and Conclusion section have a higher occurrence rate of fuzzy words than Abstract section and Methodology and Data section.

A method for publishing relational schema into DTD

This paper focuses on exporting relational data into extensible markup language (XML). First, the characteristics of both relational schemas represented by E-R diagrams and XML document type definitions (DTDs) are analyzed. Secondly, the corresponding mapping rules are proposed. At last an algorithm based on edge tables is presented. There are two key points in the algorithm. One is that the edge table is used to store the information of the relational dictionary, and this brings about the efficiency of the algorithm. The other is that structural information can be obtained from the resulting DTDs and other applications can optimize their query processes using the structural information.

阿里暖冬

＂车子来喽,子疯叔叔来了!＂藏族小男孩巴次兴奋地朝小伙伴们招手。不远处,一辆丰田陆地巡洋舰穿越平均海拔4500米以上的世界屋脊的屋脊,满载着孩子们的希望,风尘仆仆地呼啸而来!这里是阿里地区从措勤县到文布南村路上的一个牧区,因为交通不便,当地的农牧民鲜与外界接触,活动范围闭塞,生活物资匮乏,9岁的小男孩巴次是该牧区的孩子。

杨坚、朱元璋的“节俭”

穿洗过的衣服、坐修补过的旧车,与耗费巨资、累死成千上万的百姓建起的宫殿相比,不啻一粒金沙之于金山隋文帝杨坚是以节俭著称于史的皇帝之一。史籍有关于他奉行节俭的记载:乘舆与日用之物,破损后修补再用,轻易不换新的;后宫妃嫔穿的衣服都已洗过多次;

伪满皇宫中的珍贵文物

伪满皇宫博物院是由清朝末代皇帝爱新觉罗·溥仪居住的伪满洲国傀儡皇宫改建而成的博物馆。作为宫廷遗址型博物馆,因其历史背景的复杂性,决定了文物藏品的特定性和局限性。现伪满皇宫博物院收藏了大批伪满宫廷文物、日本近现代文物、东北近现代文物、民俗文物、近现代有代表性的书画、雕刻、非遗传承人作品等艺术精品,包括溥仪日记、伪满执政令、

Load distribution model and voltage static profile of Smart Grid

Voltage profiles of feeders with the connection of distributed generations(DGs) were investigated.A unified typical load distribution model was established.Based on this model,exact expressions of feeder voltage profile with single and double DGs were derived and used to analyze the impact of DG's location and capacity on the voltage profile quantitatively.Then,a general formula of the voltage profile was derived.The limitation of single DG and necessity of multiple DGs for voltage regulation were also discussed.Through the simulation,voltage profiles of feeders with single and double DGs were compared.The voltage excursion rate is 7.40% for only one DG,while 2.48% and 2.36% for double DGs.It is shown that the feeder voltage can be retained in a more appropriate range with multiple DGs than with only one DG.Distributing the total capacity of DGs is better than concentrating it at one point.

Simulation of astronomical solar radiation over Yellow River Basin based on DEM

Based on the developed distributed model for calculating astronomical solar radiation (ASR), monthly ASR with a resolution of 1 km×1 km for the rugged terrains of Yellow River Basin was calculated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors that influence the ASR. Results suggest that (1) Annual ASR has a progressive decrease trend from south to north; (2) the magnitude order of seasonal ASR is: summer>spring>autumn>winter; (3) topographical factors have robust effect on the spatial distribution of ASR, particularly in winter when a lower sun elevation angle exists; (4) the ASR of slopes with a sunny exposure is generally 2 or 3 times that of slopes with a shading exposure and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is over 10 times in January; (5) the spatial differences of ASR are relatively small in summer when a higher sun elevation angle exists and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is only 16% in July; and (6) the sequence of topographical influence strength is: winter>autumn>spring>summer.

Application of Developed Grid-GA Distributed Hydrologic Model in Semi-Humid and Semi-Arid Basin

A grid and Green-Ampt based （Grid-GA）distributed hydrologic physical model was developed for flood simulation and forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid basin. Based on topographical information of each grid cell extracted fi＇om the digital elevation model （DEM） and Green-Ampt infiltration method, the Grid-GA model takes into consideration the redistribution of water content, and consists of vegetation and root interception, evapotranspiration, runoff generation via the excess infiltration mechanism, runoff concentration, and flow routing. The downslope redis- tribution of soil moisture is explicitly calculated on a grid basis, and water exchange among grids within runoff routing along the river drainage networks is taken into consideration. The proposed model and Xin＇anjiang model were ap- plied to the upper Lushi basin in the Luohe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, with an area of 4 716 km2 for flood simulation. Results show that both models perform well in flood simulation and can be used for flood forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid region.

Hydrological Characteristics of the Rongbuk Glacier Catchment in Mt.Qomolangma Region in the Central Himalayas,China

From 8 April to 11 October in 2005, hydrological observation of the Rongbuk Glacier catchment was carried out in the Mr. Qomolangma （Everest） region in the central Himalayas, China. The results demonstrated that due to its large area with glacier lakes at the tongue of the Rongbuk Glacier, a large amount of stream flow was found at night, which indicates the strong storage characteristic of the Rongbuk Glacier catchment. There was a time lag ranging from 8 to 14 hours between daily discharge peaks and maximum melting （maximum temperature）. As melting went on the time lag got shorter. A high correlation was found between the hydrological process and daily temperature during the ablation period. The runoff from April to October was about 80% of the total in the observation period. Compared with the discharge data in 1959, the runoff in 2005 was much more, and the runoff in June, July and August increased by 69%, 35% and 14%, respectively. The rising of temperature is a major factor causing the increase in runoff. The discharges from precipitation and snow and ice melting are separated. The discharge induced by precipitation accounts for about 20% of the total runoff, while snow and ice melting for about 80%.

Debris Flow Formation Process and Critical Hydrodynamic Conditions in the Meizoseismal Area of the Wenchuan Earthquake

Abstract： The Wenchuan earthquake generated strong surface disturbances and triggered a large number of loose deposits, resulting in the disaster- prone environment with special watershed hydrological characteristics. This paper was to propose a debris flow formation process and explore the permeability characteristics and critical hydrodynamic conditions of the loose deposits triggered by the earthquake. The Guo Juanyan gully （31005＇27＂ N to 31005＇46＂ N, 103036＇58＂ E to 103037＇09＂ E） in Du Jiangyan City, located in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, was chosen as the study area and the disaster-prone environment was analyzed. The formation process of the debris flow was first proposed using a stability analysis, and then, the permeability characteristics of loose deposits were determined via in situ permeability experiments. Finally, the critical 1 h rainfall was simulated through a distributed hydrological model and verified by field observations. The formation process of debris flow could be divided into three stages based on the relationship between the hydrodynamic force and loose deposit resistance. The critical 1 h rainfall amounts under three antecedent moisture conditions （I-dry, Ⅱ-normal and Ⅲ-wet） were 52 mm/h, 43 mm/h and 34 mm/h, respectively. This study proposed a debris flow formation process in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake based on the stability analysis and defined the rainfall threshold for debris flow early warning at the local level, which is significant for debris flow mitigation and risk management.

Regimes of Runoff Components on the Debris-covered Koxkar Glacier in Western China

By using a degree-day based distributed hydrological model, regimes of glacial runoff from the Koxkar glacier during 2007-2011 are simulated, and variations and characteristics of major hydrological components are discussed. The results show that the meltwater runoff contributes 67.4%, of the proglacial discharge, out of which snowmelt, clean ice melting, buried-ice ablation and ice-cliff backwasting account for 22.4%, 21.9%, 17.9% and 5.3% of the total melt runoff, respectively. Rainfall runoff is significant in mid-latitude glacierized mountain areas like Tianshan and Karakorum. In the Koxkar glacier catchment, about 11.5% of stream water is initiated from liquid precipitation. Spatial distributions for each glacial runoff component reveal the importance of climatic gradients, local topography and morphology on glacial runoff generation, and temporal variations of these components is closely related to the annual cycle of catchment meteorology and glacier storage. Four stages are recognized in the seasonal variations of glacier storage, reflecting changes in meltwater yields, meteorological conditions and drainage systems in the annual hydrological cycle.

Characteristics of water exchange in the Luzon Strait during September 2006

The Luzon Strait is the only deep channel that connects the South China Sea(SCS) with the Pacific.The transport through the Luzon Strait is an important process influencing the circulation,heat and water budgets of the SCS.Early observations have suggested that water enters the SCS in winter but water inflow or outflow in summer is quite controversial.On the basis of hydrographic measurements from CTD along 120° E in the Luzon Strait during the period from September 18 to 20 in 2006,the characteristics of temperature,salinity and density distributions are analyzed.The velocity and volume transport through the Luzon Strait are calculated using the method of dynamic calculation.The major observed results show that water exchanges are mainly from the Pacific to the South China Sea in the upper layer,and the flow is relatively weak and eastward in the deeper layer.The net volume transport of the Luzon Strait during the observation period is westward,amounts to about 3.25 Sv.This result is consistent with historical observations.

Capital Budgeting： Methods, Aspects, and Issues

This paper furthers the understanding of capital budgeting （CB） processes. It emphasizes the assumed disposition of the forecast cash benefits from projects. The two reasons for CB are discussed. First, which projects are and are not acceptable from a financial prospective？ Second, of financially acceptable projects, CB methods can rank or order projects relative to desirability. Under conditions of certainty, the paper describes and contrasts three primary methods： pay back （PB）, net present value （NPV）, and internal rate of return （IRR） and three secondary methods： profitability index （PI）, terminal value （TV）, and modified internal rate of return （MIRR）. The presentation lists the strengths and weaknesses of each method in order to direct attention to some of the many aspects of CB decisions that firm managers should consider. Next, approaches for taking risk into consideration are discussed. The discussion raises the important issues of what to do with the net cash benefits from various projects when and if they are received. Finally, the paper provides flexible tools and example problems for teaching CB in a variety of contexts, such as professional corporate training or academic coursework.

A content aware chunking scheme for data de-duplication in archival storage systems

Based on variable sized chunking, this paper proposes a content aware chunking scheme, called CAC, that does not assume fully random file contents, but tonsiders the characteristics of the file types. CAC uses a candidate anchor histogram and the file-type specific knowledge to refine how anchors are determined when performing de- duplication of file data and enforces the selected average chunk size. CAC yields more chunks being found which in turn produces smaller average chtmks and a better reduction in data. We present a detailed evaluation of CAC and the experimental results show that this scheme can improve the compression ratio chunking for file types whose bytes are not randomly distributed （from 11.3% to 16.7% according to different datasets）, and improve the write throughput on average by 9.7%.

A Study on the Effects of the Surrounding Faults on Water Loss in the Zoige Wetland,China

The Zoige wetland is the biggest alpine wetland in the world,and an important water resource of the Yellow River.Due to natural and human factors,the Zoige wetland has been seriously degraded.Existing studies on the Zoige wetland mainly focus on the macro features of the wetland,while the influence of the surrounding faults on the Zoige wetland degradation is rarely studied.This study uses terrain data to analyze the cover change and the water loss caused by the Wqie-Seji fault based on the distributed hydrological model.The simulated water loss demonstrates that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) is the most important factor for inducing water loss.The fault is also a factor that cannot be neglected,which has caused 33% of the wetland water loss.Therefore,it is of importance to study the influence of the fault on the wetland degradation.