The related work to reveal the primary characteristics of roles underlying the existing approaches is analyzed. Then, it is demonstrated that the representation of roles is rather complex and error-prone in these appr...The related work to reveal the primary characteristics of roles underlying the existing approaches is analyzed. Then, it is demonstrated that the representation of roles is rather complex and error-prone in these approaches. Especially, the constraints among roles in the same context cannot be expressed by the current web ontology language （OWL）. To solve these problems, a novel model of role is presented and a corresponding ontology language is provided for representing this model. The key idea underlying the solution is that a role should be regarded as an element of a certain context and a context as a structured thing which is comprised of some internal elements. The structure of context possesses inherent modularity and local semantics, whereby the representation of roles and context is significantly simplified.展开更多
Ever since Venuti put forward the concept of translator＇s invisibility in 1995, studies have been conducted on the discursive presence of translators in the translated texts. The translator, as the receiver of the so...Ever since Venuti put forward the concept of translator＇s invisibility in 1995, studies have been conducted on the discursive presence of translators in the translated texts. The translator, as the receiver of the source text and m the meantime the producer of the target text, is sure to leave his/her voice traceable in the translated texts throughout the whole translating process. This paper aims to present an overview of the conceptual development of the translator＇s voice in translation studies from different perspectives like narratology, stylistics, socio-narrative theory, speech-act theory etc.展开更多
Appraisal Theory is a part of the interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics to reveal the speaker＇s attitudes and positionings. Some scholars in recent years have introduced this theory to the Chi...Appraisal Theory is a part of the interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics to reveal the speaker＇s attitudes and positionings. Some scholars in recent years have introduced this theory to the Chinese reader and applied it to the study of different genres, but up to now, very little has been done to test this newly developed theory in translation studies. This paper attempts to use the Appraisal Theory as a tool to investigate speaker＇s positioning in ST （source text） and TT （target text）. The translations of part of the Q＆A （Question＆Answer） section of the Vice President Cheney＇s speech at Fudan University and their STs will be investigated in the present study. The source and target texts are first described in the appraisal theoretical framework and then compared to find out the differences in terms of the speaker＇s positioning in ST and TT. Finally, a discussion is carried out to explore possible reasons that caused the speaker＇s changed positioning from ST and TT. Our findings indicate that translator＇s role, linguistic characteristics, and translation purpose might all contribute to speaker＇s changed positioning.展开更多
Translational discourse requires at least three participants, therefore it is suggested to consider the universal model of the picture of the world, according to which it is much easier for a translator to combine the...Translational discourse requires at least three participants, therefore it is suggested to consider the universal model of the picture of the world, according to which it is much easier for a translator to combine the pictures of the world of an addressee and an author. An addressee is a mental image existing in the mind of an addresser during the creative process. Having defined its parameters, a translator has an opportunity to deliver the thought of an addresser to an addressee as accurately as possible and to select the means of expression that are clear to an addressee. The type of an addressee correlates with ＂the relation to the new＂.展开更多
Corpus-based linguistic approach is one of the most used text studies. Nowadays, stylistic analysis has been adopted to shed new light on tourism English. The topic is to apply the language theory--the stylistic analy...Corpus-based linguistic approach is one of the most used text studies. Nowadays, stylistic analysis has been adopted to shed new light on tourism English. The topic is to apply the language theory--the stylistic analysis to the tourist text analysis, to discover the style essence of Tourist English Hypertext. The stylistic features include graphological analysis of Tourist English Hypertext, lexical features in hypertext, syntactical analysis of Tourist English Hypertext. It summarizes online Tourist English Hypertext information with some typical samples, with the methods of examples and analysis. It aims to offer an in-depth insight into the stylistic features of online tourism English texts, helping people to grasp the key points of the online information when they are browsing the information on the Internet. So this paper both enlarges the application of the stylistic analysis and presents summary for online tourist information.展开更多
Equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are interested in studying and examining this notion in order to discover its effect on the way a tran...Equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are interested in studying and examining this notion in order to discover its effect on the way a translator deals with a text. The aim of this study is to explore the different definitions of translation as a process and as a product. The study focuses on specific definitions that have been introduced by Arab scholars in the field of translation, for example, AI-zarqani （1998） who argued that translation is an act of transferring a text with all its meanings and objectives from one language to another. This idea of transferring the different meanings and objectives of a given text imposes an important question that the researcher tries to answer in this paper. Is translation a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another？ After reviewing the related literature and by analyzing different translated passages from Arabic and English, it shows that translation is not a mere substitution of texts among languages. The translator must be aware of the objectives and meanings conveyed in the source text in order to produce an accurate translation.展开更多
The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seve...The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner＇s dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types： an LI-L2 and an MLD.展开更多
As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed sy...As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed systematic exploration and research of vague language, and thus producing the fuzzy edge between discipline and linguistics —— Fuzzy Linguistics. Looking at the current fuzzy linguistics research, we can broadly divide it from the research point of view, into semantic ambiguity, pragmatic vagueness, syntactic blur, discourse vague and other directions. Undoubtedly, these types of studies approach from different angles can inevitably produces a cross, which is based on the analysis of the vague language to explore pragmatic functions as this paper.展开更多
Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, childre...Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, children text and adults text. In another word, the external form of Chinese text is restricted by occasions and conditions in which the language is used. Chinese text characteristic is the foundation of text teaching as a second language, but the reserch about Chinese text is rather not enough. This paper has practical value for teaching Chinese as a second language展开更多
Stylistics is an interdisciplinary study which applies modem linguistic theories and approaches to research style of language use. Taking stylistics as a base, this paper gives a detailed analysis of stylistic devices...Stylistics is an interdisciplinary study which applies modem linguistic theories and approaches to research style of language use. Taking stylistics as a base, this paper gives a detailed analysis of stylistic devices used in Hillary＇s Inspiring Speech in Yale University from the perspective of linguistic description, textual analysis and situational factors, and then explores the general stylistic features of public speech, thus providing some enlightenment for public speakers in the future.展开更多
There are several software estimation models such as Line of Code, Function Point and COnstructive COst MOdel （COCOMO）. The original COCOMO model is one of the most widely practiced and popular among the software de...There are several software estimation models such as Line of Code, Function Point and COnstructive COst MOdel （COCOMO）. The original COCOMO model is one of the most widely practiced and popular among the software development community because of its flexible usage. It is a suite of models i.e., COnstructive Cost MOdel I and COnstructive Cost MOdel II. in this paper, we are evaluating the both models, to find out the level of efficiency they present and how they can be tailored to the needs of modem software development projects. We are applying COCOMO models on a case study of an e-commerce application that is built using Hyper Text Markup Language （HTML） and JavaScript. We will also shed light on the different components of each model, and how their Cost Drivers effect on the accuracy of cost estimations for software development projects.展开更多
In the examination-oriented education system, widespread foreign language major＇s language proficiency is relatively weak, poor employment, led to the current prevailing social Graduates Employment social phenomenon....In the examination-oriented education system, widespread foreign language major＇s language proficiency is relatively weak, poor employment, led to the current prevailing social Graduates Employment social phenomenon. To solve these problems, this study takes constructivist theory as a guide to practice base for the carrier, focusing on the application of practical skills from the Japanese culture, professional quality college students to explore new aspects of Japanese IT personnel training mode, and then realize Japanese IT professionals, so as to achieve the strategic requirements of talent and rejuvenating the country.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.90612009,60403050),the National Basic Research Program of China (973Program)(No.2005CB321802).
文摘The related work to reveal the primary characteristics of roles underlying the existing approaches is analyzed. Then, it is demonstrated that the representation of roles is rather complex and error-prone in these approaches. Especially, the constraints among roles in the same context cannot be expressed by the current web ontology language （OWL）. To solve these problems, a novel model of role is presented and a corresponding ontology language is provided for representing this model. The key idea underlying the solution is that a role should be regarded as an element of a certain context and a context as a structured thing which is comprised of some internal elements. The structure of context possesses inherent modularity and local semantics, whereby the representation of roles and context is significantly simplified.
文摘Ever since Venuti put forward the concept of translator＇s invisibility in 1995, studies have been conducted on the discursive presence of translators in the translated texts. The translator, as the receiver of the source text and m the meantime the producer of the target text, is sure to leave his/her voice traceable in the translated texts throughout the whole translating process. This paper aims to present an overview of the conceptual development of the translator＇s voice in translation studies from different perspectives like narratology, stylistics, socio-narrative theory, speech-act theory etc.
文摘Appraisal Theory is a part of the interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics to reveal the speaker＇s attitudes and positionings. Some scholars in recent years have introduced this theory to the Chinese reader and applied it to the study of different genres, but up to now, very little has been done to test this newly developed theory in translation studies. This paper attempts to use the Appraisal Theory as a tool to investigate speaker＇s positioning in ST （source text） and TT （target text）. The translations of part of the Q＆A （Question＆Answer） section of the Vice President Cheney＇s speech at Fudan University and their STs will be investigated in the present study. The source and target texts are first described in the appraisal theoretical framework and then compared to find out the differences in terms of the speaker＇s positioning in ST and TT. Finally, a discussion is carried out to explore possible reasons that caused the speaker＇s changed positioning from ST and TT. Our findings indicate that translator＇s role, linguistic characteristics, and translation purpose might all contribute to speaker＇s changed positioning.
文摘Translational discourse requires at least three participants, therefore it is suggested to consider the universal model of the picture of the world, according to which it is much easier for a translator to combine the pictures of the world of an addressee and an author. An addressee is a mental image existing in the mind of an addresser during the creative process. Having defined its parameters, a translator has an opportunity to deliver the thought of an addresser to an addressee as accurately as possible and to select the means of expression that are clear to an addressee. The type of an addressee correlates with ＂the relation to the new＂.
文摘Corpus-based linguistic approach is one of the most used text studies. Nowadays, stylistic analysis has been adopted to shed new light on tourism English. The topic is to apply the language theory--the stylistic analysis to the tourist text analysis, to discover the style essence of Tourist English Hypertext. The stylistic features include graphological analysis of Tourist English Hypertext, lexical features in hypertext, syntactical analysis of Tourist English Hypertext. It summarizes online Tourist English Hypertext information with some typical samples, with the methods of examples and analysis. It aims to offer an in-depth insight into the stylistic features of online tourism English texts, helping people to grasp the key points of the online information when they are browsing the information on the Internet. So this paper both enlarges the application of the stylistic analysis and presents summary for online tourist information.
文摘Equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are interested in studying and examining this notion in order to discover its effect on the way a translator deals with a text. The aim of this study is to explore the different definitions of translation as a process and as a product. The study focuses on specific definitions that have been introduced by Arab scholars in the field of translation, for example, AI-zarqani （1998） who argued that translation is an act of transferring a text with all its meanings and objectives from one language to another. This idea of transferring the different meanings and objectives of a given text imposes an important question that the researcher tries to answer in this paper. Is translation a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another？ After reviewing the related literature and by analyzing different translated passages from Arabic and English, it shows that translation is not a mere substitution of texts among languages. The translator must be aware of the objectives and meanings conveyed in the source text in order to produce an accurate translation.
文摘The study, conducted in the academic year 2008, explores the potential differences in the use of a dictionary in support of a standard writing task by two student groups at two different proficiency levels. Fifty seven students working on a real classroom assignment were observed; in order to make sure that the subjects behaved as they normally would, they had not been informed that their dictionary behavior was to be observed. The study which shows that the need for a dictionary is smaller in the case of more advanced students may be of interest to those foreign language teachers who fear that giving a student an unlimited access to a dictionary may hamper the development of his expressive abilities. In turn, a marked preference on the part of more advanced students for an L I-L2, paralleled by a sustained interest in information categories typically placed in foreign learner＇s dictionaries suggests that advanced language learners writing in English would probably opt for a lexicographic product combining the best of both dictionary types： an LI-L2 and an MLD.
文摘As one of the most important features of natural language, the ambiguity of the language has aroused widespread attention in the early Western scholars. Today, the growing number of experts, scholars have committed systematic exploration and research of vague language, and thus producing the fuzzy edge between discipline and linguistics —— Fuzzy Linguistics. Looking at the current fuzzy linguistics research, we can broadly divide it from the research point of view, into semantic ambiguity, pragmatic vagueness, syntactic blur, discourse vague and other directions. Undoubtedly, these types of studies approach from different angles can inevitably produces a cross, which is based on the analysis of the vague language to explore pragmatic functions as this paper.
文摘Syntactic expressions in different texts are varied. They are restricted by registers, which are reflected in three aspects： differences in spoken text and written text, narrative text and non-narrative text, children text and adults text. In another word, the external form of Chinese text is restricted by occasions and conditions in which the language is used. Chinese text characteristic is the foundation of text teaching as a second language, but the reserch about Chinese text is rather not enough. This paper has practical value for teaching Chinese as a second language
文摘Stylistics is an interdisciplinary study which applies modem linguistic theories and approaches to research style of language use. Taking stylistics as a base, this paper gives a detailed analysis of stylistic devices used in Hillary＇s Inspiring Speech in Yale University from the perspective of linguistic description, textual analysis and situational factors, and then explores the general stylistic features of public speech, thus providing some enlightenment for public speakers in the future.
文摘There are several software estimation models such as Line of Code, Function Point and COnstructive COst MOdel （COCOMO）. The original COCOMO model is one of the most widely practiced and popular among the software development community because of its flexible usage. It is a suite of models i.e., COnstructive Cost MOdel I and COnstructive Cost MOdel II. in this paper, we are evaluating the both models, to find out the level of efficiency they present and how they can be tailored to the needs of modem software development projects. We are applying COCOMO models on a case study of an e-commerce application that is built using Hyper Text Markup Language （HTML） and JavaScript. We will also shed light on the different components of each model, and how their Cost Drivers effect on the accuracy of cost estimations for software development projects.
文摘In the examination-oriented education system, widespread foreign language major＇s language proficiency is relatively weak, poor employment, led to the current prevailing social Graduates Employment social phenomenon. To solve these problems, this study takes constructivist theory as a guide to practice base for the carrier, focusing on the application of practical skills from the Japanese culture, professional quality college students to explore new aspects of Japanese IT personnel training mode, and then realize Japanese IT professionals, so as to achieve the strategic requirements of talent and rejuvenating the country.
