词语的超常搭配及其研究意义

词语的搭配不外乎两种情形,一种是正常的搭配,另一种是非正常为搭配。非正常搭配又分两种,一种是有特殊表达功能为搭配,即我们所说的超常搭配,另一种是没有什么表达功能的胡乱搭配。作为一种表达手段,超常搭配大量存在于言语表达之中,但至今还没有人对它作系统的全面的深入约研究,我们觉得,修辞学。

对汉语语法研究的反思

本文通过对《马氏文通》以来的汉语语法研究的历史回顾与反思,认为汉语语法研究从一起步就陷入了对西洋语法的盲目模仿,之后虽有“中国文法革新”等反对模仿的语法讨论,但至今汉语语法研究仍未能跳出西洋语法的定势框架。汉语语法学家只有深入研究汉语语法的特点,正视汉语语法研究的偏差,方能摆脱困境,求得汉语语法研究的“再生”之路。

马氏句法观论析

一八九八年,马建忠在传统语言研究成果的基础上,接受了西洋的语法思想,“因西文已有之规矩”,“积十余年之勤求探讨”撰成了我国第一部体系完整的语法著作——《马氏文通》.此后,语法研究突破了训诂的窠臼,成了语言研究中的一门独立学科.在《文通》的影响下,语法著作接踵而至,如:《中等国文典》、《中国文法通论》、《国文法草创》、《国文法之研究》、《新著国语文法》、《高等国文法》等等.由于《文通》体大思精,材料详赡,在语法研究史上有着不可动摇的地位.直至今日,《文通》仍是语法研究者必读的经典.

古汉语词性活用散论

现在有关古汉语“词性活用”问题的著述,人云亦云者不少,所引例证也多雷同。“词性活用”在现代汉语中就曾有争论,许多问题至今悬而未决。古代汉语又把使动、以动、特殊动宾及“读破”等问题带进来,使“活用”问题更为复杂。下面我们把自己的学习心得整理为十四个专題,这些专题所涉及的问题大多是从未被人论及或极少论及的疑难问题,以期引起对古汉语词性活用问题的深入研究。

The Impact of Handicrafts on the Promotion of Cultural and Economic Development for Students of Art Education in Higher Education

This paper studies the impact of handicrafts on the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education through handicrafts based on local customs and traditions. Descriptive, analytical, and experimental methods are used in this research. The results of the study are expected to benefit from the results of this study to provide planners handicrafts in the Ministry of Education. An effective strategy can affect the teaching and learning of handicrafts, the protection of its features and its presence and identity. The study sample consists of 45 students of the third level, batch 2012-2013, from the faculty of Education at the University of Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. The researchers to prepare topics for handicrafts depend on the use of local materials and units which are derived from the environment and represent the Artistic heritage that is shown through handicrafts （pottery, ceramics, calligraphy, decoration, carpet weaving and textile, sewing, embroidery, sculpture and engraving on wood, metal works, and printing works）. The researchers focuse that the students learn the value of handicrafts in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product. The results confLrms the existence of a difference in the quality and value of handicrafts for students in both groups： the experimental and control group, which confirms that the handcrafts lead to the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education. The researchers are recommended to consider of this topic as a main component which enables an area for further studies to develop different strategies in the field of handicrafts, for students to recognize the importance of the handicrafts value in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product.

On Learners＇ Perceptions of Taking MOOC in Learning Intercultural Communication （IC） A Case Study of the IC MOOC from SISU

The topic of taking MOOC in learning Intercultural Communication （IC） is an under-researched area, and there has been little empirical research published which focuses on students＇ perceptions. This study explores learner＇s perceptions of taking the MOOC from SISU in learning IC with both a quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis, which focuses on students＇ viewpoints about their MOCC learning experience, development in Intercultural Communication Competence （ICC） and their problems in Learning MOOC.

曾巩应用之文研究

曾巩的应用之文衍裕雅重,自成一家。其散体制诏取法三代、两汉诰令,审美取向及文法选择深受“家学”和“师友”两种因素影响。北宋制诏以“四六”为主,曾巩则以“古文”手法代撰“王言”,辞约义尽,如秦碑汉鼎;同时,更以博通经史的学术气质,强化表启文字的学养内涵,其表章、乐语及启状等“四六”文字皆贵乎“辞达”,对句随意短长,用事精切典雅,奇联警句往往不让时贤。大抵与欧、苏、王诸公一样,曾巩应用之文既能融合骈散,愈出愈新,又能严守“体制”,深究“律令”,使字字有法度,充分彰显“大手笔”的才情与智慧。

Preschool Child＇s Researching Interests and Role of Visual Art＇s Expressing Media

Genuine interest, research zeal, and visual art expressiveness which are typical of the pre-school period can pose a challenge to every teacher, at the same time, guide them when planning different contents for children to explore and discover. As one of the primary expressing media and an important support when forming concepts, visual art plays an indispensable role in the pre-school period. The following thesis is based on an action research whose key tendencies were focused on establishing children＇s interests in different useful materials and tools while enabling them an autonomous visual art use of these tools and didactical possibilities of the teacher involved. The activities included in the research were fully in line with the Slovenian National Kindergarten Curriculum and the project was carried out in the form of several successive meetings intended for visual art creative activities. All activities in the research were photo-documented while the analysis of the research＇s data was performed based on observation and written notes referring to individual child＇s responses, his or her questions, ideas, and incentives, the course of cognitive and creative process, communication with the peers and teachers and other potential particularities.

USING DIALECTICAL APPROACH TO STUDY KINEMICS AND PROXEMICS FOR THE EDUCATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

As a result of globalization, the teaching of intercultural communication knowledge seems increasingly important in the modern society. In this paper, a dialectical approach is employed to the education of intercultural knowledge of nonverbal communication, in which two most important aspects of the nonverbal language are focused on: kinemics and proxemics. I will start with a brief literature review of nonverbal communication and the approaches to the study of intercultural communication, and then discuss the theoretical considerations underpinning the fields concerned. Following these, I will illustrate, in the fields of kinemics and proxemics, the importance of teaching both cultural similarities and cultural differences to our students, and exemplify with reference to some classroom activities I designed how the dialectical approach to teaching nonverbal communication can be used at the university where I study. I will make a conclusion by evaluating the dialectical approach as well as its suitability for teaching intercultural nonverbal communication strategies in the situation of Chinese universities. For classroom teaching of nonverbal kinemics and proxenics in China, it is relatively new to employ a dialectical approach.

Metrological Analysis and Evaluation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Treatment for Diarrhea in Modern Literature

Objective： To review year 1957-2005 literature on acupuncture and moxibustion and explore point selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of diarrhea in order to provide objective and reliable data for research on acupuncture and moxibustion standardization. Methods： A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological analysis according to the data from ＂China modem acupuncture-moxibustion information database＂. Results： Points Zusanli （ST 36）, Tianshu （ST 25） and Shenque （CV 8） were the most frequently used and the optimal combination for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of diarrhea. Chronic adult diarrhea was often treated by moxibustion. Acute childhood diarrhea was often treated by point application and injection. Conclusion： Diarrhea is often treated by needling and moxaing methods in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment. It is proposed to use Zusanli （ST 36） and Tianshu （ST 25） as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of diarrhea and to select points according to the syndrome.

Exploration of the Clinical Regularity of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Insomnia

Objective： To review year 1956-2007 literature and explore the regularity of points selection and methods for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of insomnia. Methods： A comprehensive analysis was made by a method of metrological review according to the data from ＂China Modem Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank＂. Results： It is indicated that points Sanyinjiao （SP 6） and Shenmen （HT 7） were most frequently used. Acupuncture was the main treatment. Conclusion： It is suggested that Baihui （GV 20）, Sishencong （Ex-HN 1）, Sanyinjiao （SP 6） and Shenmen （FIT 7） were used as basic points for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of insomnia, which is combined with point selection based on syndrome differentiation.

Discussion on the application principle of tuina manipulations for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in Chinese literatures in recent 30 years

Objective: To discuss the application principle in tuina manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH) in Chinese literatures published in recent 30 years. Methods: The three major Chinese databases, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched to collect the studies of tuina man ipulati ons in treatment of LIDH published in rece nt 30 years. Clusteri ng an alysis was applied to an a lyze the top 20 tuina manipulati ons for LIDH. Results: The top 20 most frequently used manipulations for LIDH were Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, oblique Ban-pulli ng, An-pressi ng, Tan bo-plucki ng,*Bashe rvpulli ng and exte nding, horiz on tai Tui-pushi ng, Na-graspi ng, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, post-extension Ban-pulling, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, fist-back Ji-tapping, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. The involved manipulations can be divided into two categories by the treated body areas. One category is applied to the soft tissues, including Gun-rolling, Rou-k neading, Dian-digital pressi ng, An-pressi ng, Tan bo-plucking, horiz ontal Tui-pushi ng, Na-graspi ng, An rou-pressi ng and kneading, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, Mo-rubbing, Zhervvibrating, Nie-pinching, and fist-back Ji-tapping methods. The other category is applied to bones and joints, including oblique Ban-pulling, Bashen-pulling and extending, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, post-extension Ban-pulling, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. Conclusion: Based on the treated body area, the tuina manipulations applied to treat LIDH are predominated by the ones performed on soft tissues, assisted by those on bones and joints. From the way of force exertion, the involved manipulations are majorly the swinging methods, followed by squeezing and pressing ones. The manipulations applied to bones and joints are predominated by the Ban-pulling ones, followed by the Bashepulling and extending ones.

Clinical application of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling

Objective： To explore the rules of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling in clinical application and its characteristics so as to provide the guidance to clinical practice.Methods： Taking ＂the second metacarpal holographic acupuncture therapy＂ ＂the second metacarpal bone lateral needling＂ and ＂the second metacarpal bone＂ as the search terms, the papers on the second metacarpal bone lateral needling were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）and Wanfang database from January 1, 1974 to December 31, 2016 and were screened. Using the Excel2003, the database of the diseases treated by the second metacarpal bone lateral needling was set up.The indications, the acupoints selection rules and needling manipulation of this therapy were analyzed.Results： A total of 1103 papers were retrieved, of which, 446 papers were from CNKI and 657 from Wanfang database. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 papers were included for analysis finally. It was found that the indications of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling were predominated by the soft tissue injuries, especially acute lumbar sprain, ankle sprain and knee joint injury. Regarding the acupoints selection rules of the second metacarpal bone lateral needling, the corresponding points and tender points were commonly selected. Regarding the needling manipulation, the strong stimulation was required after needle insertion and the patient was required to move the affected areas while keeping the strong needling sensation. The needles were inserted 20 mm in depth along the skin mainly.The even-needling technique was exerted and the needles were retained for 30 min mainly.Conclusion： The second metacarpal bone lateral needling is applied to the treatment of soft tissue injuries. It is applicable for some internal diseases. The strong needling sensation and the motion of the local affected area are required especially in treatment with this therapy.

Bibliometric Analysis of Diseases Spectrum of Moxibustion Therapy

Objective： To make a bibliometric analysis and evaluation of acupuncture-moxibustion papers on moxibustion therapy published from 1954 to 2007, thus to reflect the diseases spectrum of moxibustion therapy and proper indications of moxibustion therapy objectively. Methods： Statistics were taken by a bibliometric analysis of the data from China Modern Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank. Results and Conclusion： The diseases spectrum of moxibustion therapy has 364 kinds of diseases. The most proper indications of moxibustion therapy are malposition, diarrhea, and colitis. The common proper indications are urinary incontinence and dysmenorrhea. The next common proper indications are knee osteoarthritis, temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome, soft tissue injury, heel pain, asthma, urinary retention and herpes zoster. Diseases spectrum of moxibustion therapy varies with time.

《语言文字理论新探》代序

这是一部讨论(汉语)语言文字理论的新著。我连读了两遍,感觉作者很多新解,确可供语言学界学习讨论,提高语文的理论水平,以免编写语法者教学语文者因袭陈说,不求甚解,盲目编写和教学之时弊。今日要实现四个现代化,提高语文教学质量,必须在语文理论上要求突进一步。此稿正可在突进上起一先探作用。

Analysis of Clinical Regularities in Acupuncture-moxibustion Treatment for Stomach Diseases in Recent 10 Years

Objective：To objectively and dynamically assess the therapeutic effects of acupuncturemoxibustion on stomach diseases by a review and statistical analysis of year 2000-2009 literature on acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for stomach diseases,facilitate the development of clinical acupuncturemoxibustion from the summarization of individual experience to the study of group experience and further exploit the advantages of acupuncture-moxibustion science.Methods：Statistical and expert analyses were made on the basis of the data from China Modem Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank.Results：There were 11 kinds of diseases in the acupuncture-moxibustion spectrum of stomach diseases.It was suggested that points Zusanli（ST 36）,Zhongwan（CV 12）,Weishu（BL 21）,Pishu（BL 20）,Neiguan（PC 6）and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）be used as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of stomach diseases and corresponding treatment be selected according to the character of each disease.Conclusion：acupuncturemoxibustion has a certain therapeutic effect on stomach diseases,but the clinical application and observed cases should be increased.

ASSESSMENT PROCESSES FOR EMERGENT BILITERACY IN ENGLISH AND CHINESE OF A FIVE-YEAR OLD CHINESE GIRL IN THE UNITED STATES

本文使用描述性案例研究方法研究一个在美国的五岁中国儿童在中英文双语发展的测评过程。文章的第一作者使用无字图片书对研究对象进行了为期十周的辅导。辅导内容包括要求研究对象根据无字图片书编讲中英文故事。在此过程中,作者对研究对象认知英语单词和中文汉字的能力进行了测评。