Objective： The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature evaluating survivin expres- sion in pancreatic carcinoma as a prognostic indicator. Methods： The relevant literatures were searche...Objective： The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature evaluating survivin expres- sion in pancreatic carcinoma as a prognostic indicator. Methods： The relevant literatures were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese Biomedicine Databases. A meta-analysis of the association between survivin expression and overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer was performed. Studies were pooled and summary hazard ratios （HRs） were calculated. Subgroup analysis according to the location of survivin expression was also performed. Results： Seven eligible studies with a total of 448 patients were included in this study. Combined HR suggested that survivin expression had an unfavorable impact on survival of pancreatic cancer patients （HR = 1.65, 95% CI： 1.02-2.68）. When stratified according to the location of survivin expression, the combined HR showed that expression in the cytoplasm was significantly associated with poor prog- nosis of pancreatic cancer patients （HR = 2.09, 95% CI： 1.29-3.40）. In contrast, survivin expression in the nucleus was not significantly associated with poor prognosis （HR = 0.83, 95% CI： 0.24-2.81）, and the heterogeneity was highly significant （I2 = 87.2%, P = 0.005）. Conclusien： Survivin expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cytoplasmic expression of survivin may be a prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patients. Based on the current obtained data, there was no evidence that survivin expression in the nucleus had a significant impact on patients＇ overall survival.展开更多
Business needs to manage such a variety of things inside the firm or outside the business consistently. This factor affects the business in various ways. The factor which affects the business is clients, suppliers, di...Business needs to manage such a variety of things inside the firm or outside the business consistently. This factor affects the business in various ways. The factor which affects the business is clients, suppliers, distributors and so on. These all components are isolated from two sections full-scale environment and miniaturized scale environment. Macro perspective environment components are those external variables which are past the association＇s control. The problem of this study is guaranteeing a supportable evolvement of human presence in its social, ecological, and monetary measurement. So, we have to adapt test in order to outfit toward manageability. As for the method used in this study, it depends on using empirical framework to meet the interest of capital and buyer, in addition to supporting human presence in its social, ecological, monetary measurement. The paper is organised as following sections： first section is the introduction, second section is the literature review, the third section includes the research method, fourth one discusses the analysis, while the conclusion is in the fifth section.展开更多
Ickes （1997） has mentioned that empathy is a complex form of psychological inference in which observation, memory, knowledge, and reasoning are combined to yield insights into the thoughts and feelings of others. Th...Ickes （1997） has mentioned that empathy is a complex form of psychological inference in which observation, memory, knowledge, and reasoning are combined to yield insights into the thoughts and feelings of others. The phenomenon of empathy has been discussed in philosophy, aesthetics, and psychology for many years. In the beginning of the 20th century, an extensive discussion on this phenomenon has been led by European intuition phenomenologists such as Husserl, Sartre, Brunswik, and Heider, etc. It is known that the theory of its development relates to understanding human feelings and emotions. Empathic design in the design field has developed emotional design, inclusion design and universal design, etc. Empathic design is an emerging issue in the design field. What are empathic design, designing process, design methodologies, and a strategic design model？ Why is empathic design important to the creative and designing processes？ Empathic design is one of the useful ways to understand interpersonal relationships that might influence the creative and designing processes, design strategies and innovation. Empathic design that emphasizes listening to the voice from customer＇s heart and designing this into design has been proved to be something the customer really needs in brand communication messages and brand values. This paper researches, investigates and gathers the research methodologies and combines a literature review, case study, structured interviews, and grounded theory. The structured interviews comprise four designers who worked in the brand design department, including two senior designers and two junior designers. Thus, a literature review is conducted in this research to discuss the empathic design model, explore founding theories and then seek to analyze and propose a structured empathic design model. Finally, the research presents an empathic design model to explain several denominations, which are empathic communication, empathic aesthetics, empathic innovation, empathic methodologies, empathic culture and others. The design creation process from abstract ideas to concrete manifestation for reference of design students, design teaching, and design practice.展开更多
The determination of the gravitational potential of a prism plays an important role in physical geodesy and geophysics. However, there are few literatures that provide accurate approaches for determining the gravitati...The determination of the gravitational potential of a prism plays an important role in physical geodesy and geophysics. However, there are few literatures that provide accurate approaches for determining the gravitational potential of a prism. Discrete element method can be used to determine the gravitational potential of a prism, and can approximate the true gravitational potential values with sufficient accuracy (the smaller each element is, the more accurate the result is). Although Nagy's approach provided a closed expression, one does not know whether it is valid, due to the fact that this approach has not been confirmed in literatures. In this paper, a study on the comparison of Nagy's approach with discrete element method is presented. The results show that Nagy's formulas for determining the gravitational potential of a prism are valid in the domain both inside and outside the prism.展开更多
文摘Objective： The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature evaluating survivin expres- sion in pancreatic carcinoma as a prognostic indicator. Methods： The relevant literatures were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese Biomedicine Databases. A meta-analysis of the association between survivin expression and overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer was performed. Studies were pooled and summary hazard ratios （HRs） were calculated. Subgroup analysis according to the location of survivin expression was also performed. Results： Seven eligible studies with a total of 448 patients were included in this study. Combined HR suggested that survivin expression had an unfavorable impact on survival of pancreatic cancer patients （HR = 1.65, 95% CI： 1.02-2.68）. When stratified according to the location of survivin expression, the combined HR showed that expression in the cytoplasm was significantly associated with poor prog- nosis of pancreatic cancer patients （HR = 2.09, 95% CI： 1.29-3.40）. In contrast, survivin expression in the nucleus was not significantly associated with poor prognosis （HR = 0.83, 95% CI： 0.24-2.81）, and the heterogeneity was highly significant （I2 = 87.2%, P = 0.005）. Conclusien： Survivin expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cytoplasmic expression of survivin may be a prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patients. Based on the current obtained data, there was no evidence that survivin expression in the nucleus had a significant impact on patients＇ overall survival.
文摘Business needs to manage such a variety of things inside the firm or outside the business consistently. This factor affects the business in various ways. The factor which affects the business is clients, suppliers, distributors and so on. These all components are isolated from two sections full-scale environment and miniaturized scale environment. Macro perspective environment components are those external variables which are past the association＇s control. The problem of this study is guaranteeing a supportable evolvement of human presence in its social, ecological, and monetary measurement. So, we have to adapt test in order to outfit toward manageability. As for the method used in this study, it depends on using empirical framework to meet the interest of capital and buyer, in addition to supporting human presence in its social, ecological, monetary measurement. The paper is organised as following sections： first section is the introduction, second section is the literature review, the third section includes the research method, fourth one discusses the analysis, while the conclusion is in the fifth section.
文摘Ickes （1997） has mentioned that empathy is a complex form of psychological inference in which observation, memory, knowledge, and reasoning are combined to yield insights into the thoughts and feelings of others. The phenomenon of empathy has been discussed in philosophy, aesthetics, and psychology for many years. In the beginning of the 20th century, an extensive discussion on this phenomenon has been led by European intuition phenomenologists such as Husserl, Sartre, Brunswik, and Heider, etc. It is known that the theory of its development relates to understanding human feelings and emotions. Empathic design in the design field has developed emotional design, inclusion design and universal design, etc. Empathic design is an emerging issue in the design field. What are empathic design, designing process, design methodologies, and a strategic design model？ Why is empathic design important to the creative and designing processes？ Empathic design is one of the useful ways to understand interpersonal relationships that might influence the creative and designing processes, design strategies and innovation. Empathic design that emphasizes listening to the voice from customer＇s heart and designing this into design has been proved to be something the customer really needs in brand communication messages and brand values. This paper researches, investigates and gathers the research methodologies and combines a literature review, case study, structured interviews, and grounded theory. The structured interviews comprise four designers who worked in the brand design department, including two senior designers and two junior designers. Thus, a literature review is conducted in this research to discuss the empathic design model, explore founding theories and then seek to analyze and propose a structured empathic design model. Finally, the research presents an empathic design model to explain several denominations, which are empathic communication, empathic aesthetics, empathic innovation, empathic methodologies, empathic culture and others. The design creation process from abstract ideas to concrete manifestation for reference of design students, design teaching, and design practice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40637034, 40974015)the National 863 Program of China (No.2006AA12Z211)
文摘The determination of the gravitational potential of a prism plays an important role in physical geodesy and geophysics. However, there are few literatures that provide accurate approaches for determining the gravitational potential of a prism. Discrete element method can be used to determine the gravitational potential of a prism, and can approximate the true gravitational potential values with sufficient accuracy (the smaller each element is, the more accurate the result is). Although Nagy's approach provided a closed expression, one does not know whether it is valid, due to the fact that this approach has not been confirmed in literatures. In this paper, a study on the comparison of Nagy's approach with discrete element method is presented. The results show that Nagy's formulas for determining the gravitational potential of a prism are valid in the domain both inside and outside the prism.
