Based on the WoS and CNKI databases,this paper provides statistical analysis of Chinese and international polar research from 2013-2018 in terms of the number of publications,citations,institutions,disciplinary distri...Based on the WoS and CNKI databases,this paper provides statistical analysis of Chinese and international polar research from 2013-2018 in terms of the number of publications,citations,institutions,disciplinary distribution,collaborations,source journals,and highly cited papers by bibliometric methods.Combining the differences of the traditional disciplinary advantages and natural geographical locations of China and the West,the current research hotspots in the polar field are summarized.(1)"Polar ice cap instability and sea level change","sensitivity and vulnerability of polar ecosystems","Arctic sea-ice-air interactions and climate effects"are the focus of research in the world.(2)Political environment research such as"National Strategy and Cooperation under the'Silk Road on Ice'Initiative"has become a unique polar strategic topic in China.At the same time,insights and suggestions are put forward from three aspects,such as increasing policy support,building cooperation system and optimizing strategic layout.展开更多
This paper discusses the nature of the Australian bus and coach representative environment and the role of the state-based voluntary professional association （SBVPA）. A literature review associated with memberships ...This paper discusses the nature of the Australian bus and coach representative environment and the role of the state-based voluntary professional association （SBVPA）. A literature review associated with memberships to which businesses subscribe for representation and linking social capital is presented, as well as a discussion on agency theory that possibly explains the member/association dynamic. The results of an Australia-wide survey of bus operators, which measures the extent of linking social capital between themselves and their SBVPA, are revealed. It is found that one state with consistently higher results may possess a competitive advantage in the form of a partnership agreement with the State Government Authority--an agreement that rests on co-operation and facilitates social capital. This evidence could contribute to the global narrative on how non-profit associations can be a mechanism for institutionalising social capital, sustain a firm＇s operation and encourage governments to increase their use of non-profit associations, as agents of government, to achieve public policy outcomes.展开更多
Credit-assignment schemas are widely applied by providing fixed or flexible credit distribution formulas to evaluate the contributions of coauthors of a scientific publication. In this paper, we propose an approach na...Credit-assignment schemas are widely applied by providing fixed or flexible credit distribution formulas to evaluate the contributions of coauthors of a scientific publication. In this paper, we propose an approach named First and Others （F＆O） counting. By introducing a tuning parameter a and a weight β, two new properties are obtained： （1） flexible assignment of credits by modifying the formula （with the change of a） and applying preference to the individual author by adjusting the weights （with the change ofβ）, and （2） calculation of the credits by separating the formula for the first author from others. With formula separation, the credit of the second author shows an inflection point according to the change ofa. The developed theorems and proofs concerning the modification of a and fl reveal new properties and complement the base theory for informetrics. The F＆O schema is also adapted when considering the policy of＇first-corresponding-author-emphasis＇. Through a comparative analysis using a set of empirical data from the fields of chemistry, medicine, psychology, and the Harvard survey data, the performance of the F＆O approach is compared with those of other methods to demonstrate its benefits by the criteria of lack of fit and coefficient of determination.展开更多
文摘Based on the WoS and CNKI databases,this paper provides statistical analysis of Chinese and international polar research from 2013-2018 in terms of the number of publications,citations,institutions,disciplinary distribution,collaborations,source journals,and highly cited papers by bibliometric methods.Combining the differences of the traditional disciplinary advantages and natural geographical locations of China and the West,the current research hotspots in the polar field are summarized.(1)"Polar ice cap instability and sea level change","sensitivity and vulnerability of polar ecosystems","Arctic sea-ice-air interactions and climate effects"are the focus of research in the world.(2)Political environment research such as"National Strategy and Cooperation under the'Silk Road on Ice'Initiative"has become a unique polar strategic topic in China.At the same time,insights and suggestions are put forward from three aspects,such as increasing policy support,building cooperation system and optimizing strategic layout.
文摘This paper discusses the nature of the Australian bus and coach representative environment and the role of the state-based voluntary professional association （SBVPA）. A literature review associated with memberships to which businesses subscribe for representation and linking social capital is presented, as well as a discussion on agency theory that possibly explains the member/association dynamic. The results of an Australia-wide survey of bus operators, which measures the extent of linking social capital between themselves and their SBVPA, are revealed. It is found that one state with consistently higher results may possess a competitive advantage in the form of a partnership agreement with the State Government Authority--an agreement that rests on co-operation and facilitates social capital. This evidence could contribute to the global narrative on how non-profit associations can be a mechanism for institutionalising social capital, sustain a firm＇s operation and encourage governments to increase their use of non-profit associations, as agents of government, to achieve public policy outcomes.
基金Project supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(No.304903/2013-2)
文摘Credit-assignment schemas are widely applied by providing fixed or flexible credit distribution formulas to evaluate the contributions of coauthors of a scientific publication. In this paper, we propose an approach named First and Others （F＆O） counting. By introducing a tuning parameter a and a weight β, two new properties are obtained： （1） flexible assignment of credits by modifying the formula （with the change of a） and applying preference to the individual author by adjusting the weights （with the change ofβ）, and （2） calculation of the credits by separating the formula for the first author from others. With formula separation, the credit of the second author shows an inflection point according to the change ofa. The developed theorems and proofs concerning the modification of a and fl reveal new properties and complement the base theory for informetrics. The F＆O schema is also adapted when considering the policy of＇first-corresponding-author-emphasis＇. Through a comparative analysis using a set of empirical data from the fields of chemistry, medicine, psychology, and the Harvard survey data, the performance of the F＆O approach is compared with those of other methods to demonstrate its benefits by the criteria of lack of fit and coefficient of determination.
