元代名儒郝经文艺美学思想细析

在作品论(文用论)和鉴赏论上,元初名儒郝经继承了宋代理学家的文论观,提倡文为道用,高度强调诗文必须有实用的内容。同时,郝经也重视其抒发性情的功能,反对压抑人性与真情的表达,强调文艺表现真实情感和个性。在创作论上,郝经的"内游说"创造性地把"游"的概念从道家美学引回儒家美学,倡导在充实经史基础上的人格美塑造,并试图以"养说"理论来提高主体的内在修养。

文人并称视阈下的宁都三魏古文观摭谈

"宁都三魏"即生活于明清嬗变之际的江西宁都县魏禧三兄弟的合称。他们以文章、气节名世,尤以其古文影响为甚。而作为一个处于特别时期的特殊文学并称群体,三魏的古文观亦具独特性,突出表现在其和而不同的文本论和殊途同归的文用论。

Analysis of English literary works based on face theory

Brown ＆ Levinson＇s face theory is an important theory in Pragmatics and it is an influential theory in expounding the phenomenon of politeness. Through an analysis of the functions of ＂face＂ in English literary works, this article intends to shed new lights on literary pragmatics.

Preliminary Study on Gray Theory in Forecasting Great Drought in Shaoyang District

By using occurrence years of great drought in Shaoyang district in recent 20 years,the time sequence was established,and by gray disaster prediction theory,the possible great drought years in future in Shaoyang district were predicted. The results showed that one quasi-periodic of great drought occurrence in Shaoyang district is 2 years,the next great drought years are 2010,2012 and 2015. Gray prediction drought theory will provide scientific basis for drought resistance work in Shaoyang district.

The Application of Stylistics in British and American Literature Teaching

Stylistics applies modem linguistic theory to the description of and analysis into varieties of language and their stylistic features. As such it may serve to investigate the styles of British and American literary works, thus facilitating the teaching of British and American literature. This paper, after surveying the basic stylistic theory and its relevance to research on and teaching of literature, illustrates how to effectively adopt the method of stylistic analysis in the teaching of British and American literature

The Arckitbuilding Bricks as a Didactic Tool for Experimentation in Architectural Design： Possibilities and Limitations

This article deals with the usage of building bricks as a didactic material for the development of architectural design. The building brick game chosen for analysis was the Arckit, since it is suitable for the architectural practice. It is estimated that this game can contribute to the design, representation and presentation of projects. In order to investigate in which aspects Arckit presents possibilities of applications, as well as limitations of use, the article approaches the importance of building bricks as a didactic tool and its use in the field of the architectural design process. From a literature review and an empirical experience, this article reports a qualitative research, where the applicability of the Arckit game was checked. Through a critical reflection based on that experience, it was possible to conclude that whereas its limitations to urban form and linked to the formal vocabulary that composes the grammar of these bricks, the Arckit building bricks represent in architecture a playful and experimental way to think and design, fomenting the creativity and the spatial perception, resulting in a particular experience that can make architecture better connected with dreams and joy.

A Study on the Word-formation of Chinese Coordinative Compound Words Denoting Kinship＊

In Chinese, compound words denoting kinship axe frequently used. This paper classifies such words into two categories： coordinative and non-coordinative. Each type has subcategories. Under the framework of Distributed Morphology, this paper focuses on the coordinative compound words. They consist of two roots which finally form a NP with the category-giving morpheme. Besides, there are some idioms and infrequent uses which can be explained in the Encyclopedia.

Desirability of Knowledge Management in Civil Engineering Consulting Firms

KM （knowledge management） has in the recent past been promoted as a means of harnessing and utilising intellectual resources and to improve innovation, business performance and client satisfaction within the construction industry. However, there has been no attempt to ascertain the required level of KM within any given firm. The study reported in this paper aimed at establishing a general equation for assessing a firm’s required level of KM. Through literature review and a questionnaire survey, a total of 22 key indicators of KM were established. The interaction and effects of the key indicators against turnover and employee base were established, yielding an elliptic paraboloid fitted graph over which desirability could be calculated. It was observed that there is a continuous relationship among the firm’s turnover, employee base and the identified key indicators. In practice, firms have different combinations of the employee base and turnover. The derived equation fits well with the different combinations. Firms can, through the use of such equations, determine the level of effort and investment required to implement KM.

Literature Views on Second Language Acquisition The Ways of Incorporating Interaction and Participation

Most current theories of second language acquisition and current views on methods and approaches to teaching English as a second language place a high value on student participation and interaction in the language classroom. This interaction may be between teacher and student and/or student and student. Despite this, in many English classrooms around the world, students have very few opportunities to interact in the second language. In this paper, using the literature on second language acquisition research and methodology to prepare a case which highlights why teachers and course designers should find ways to incorporate second language interaction and student participation in their language classes despite the practical difficulties they may face.

Realization of Implicit Evaluation in News Text

Martin＇s Appraisal System Theory presents a powerful tool to decode the journalist＇s attitude or world view in news text. The evaluation in this Appraisal System can be further classified into explicit evaluation, which inscribes the attitude through the attitudinal vocabulary and implicit evaluation, which invokes the attitude through the use of non-core lexis. Martin （2005） pointed out that the implicit evaluation is realized by three approaches： lexical metaphor, the selection of ideational meanings, and graduation. However, the invoked attitude can be achieved by an amount of resources other than the above approaches. In this paper through the exploration of invoked attitude in the English-language China Doily, we find that the attitude is also invoked through grammatical metaphor, general noun as well as conjunction. It is of great significance to decode the journalists＇ or newspapers＇ viewpoints by exploring the implicit evaluation in the news text.

Open Innovation： A Systematic Literature Analysis

What is open innovation？ There are different definitions of open innovation, depending, at least, on three parameters： source, ownership, or users of the knowledge linked to innovation. The aim of the paper is to make a systematic literature review, to map open innovation studies, and to re-conceptualize the openness according to two dimensions： degree of technology convergence and ontology of openness. In particular, we propose a classification of open innovation, based on the distinction between the originator/developer of the knowledge and the user. Users are a ubiquitous category, because they can be originators, as well as customers of the innovation itself. Therefore, we point out that there are three types of open innovation, whose degree of openness is defined according to an ontological dimension： at users’ level, at an industry level, and among different fields or industries. Firm’s structure affects the propensity to open innovation adoption; and the type of innovation itself. Finally, we identify another literature gap： the relationship between the open innovation model and grand challenge. Even if open innovation seems to be ideally connected to grand challenges and many industries actually adopt this model, there seems to emerge a gap in literature. Therefore, we propose a conceptual model for future researches.

An Effective Management of Personal Paper Outcome Using Open Service

Abstract： Open collaboration-based R＆D （research and development） has become an important issue recently. Researchers＇ performance is necessary to be understood by analyzing researchers＇ paper outcome. To drive successful outcomes and co-research, researchers＇ paper outcome should be autonomously established. Therefore we propose an approach to manage and update easily paper outcome of researchers. The proposed approach makes researchers search their paper using the Google Scholar＇s opened API （application program interface） and update their outcome. Since researchers autonomously can establish the list of their own papers in our service using open service, researchers＇ personal outcome can be efficiently managed.

Teaching Hebrew Classics： Test Case— Agnon＇s Story ＂From a Foe to a Friend＂

Teaching literary classics has always been a burden for the teacher; since the language is archaic, and neither the themenor structure appeal to the students, because they are not trivial and do not deal with their immediate problems like puberty or relationships with parents. Nevertheless, it is essential that students will be exposed to the treasures of their culture. The author proposes that we introduce the classics through their literary adaptations into children＇s book, comics, and so on. Adaptation as well as translation involves interpretation. Therefore, through the adaptation, we show the students that classic texts are complicated and potent of many meanings. As an introduction to the works of S. Y. Agnon, the author chose his story ＂From a Foe to a Friend＂ （1992）. ＂From a Foe to a Friend＂ by S. Y. Agnon, is considered to be simple, na＇fve story, the plot is linear and accumulative, almost like a folktale or a children＇s story. And indeed, this story was published （2008） as a children＇s book with illustrations, and also as a comic book （2012）. The author will show how we can use these books, along with the folktale of＂The Three Little Pigs＂ （1890）, which the story＇s plot is based on, to prepare students to the challenge of Agnon＇s literary work. The conceptual framework of this paper is based on Polysystem Theory （Even-Zohar, 1990）, Translation Theory （Toury, 1995）, and adaptation as an interpretation （Shenberg, 1997, 1998）.

English Cultural Introduction Teaching from the Perspective of Applied Linguistics

In the process of learning a language, the language communication from the perspective of applied linguistics cannot exist without certain cultural tendency. Practice proves that an appropriate introduction of the background culture having a certain relationship with language environment can enrich the knowledge structure of students, and effectively remove the obstacles in the process of English language communication, so that the cognitive ability is improved. In this paper, applied linguistics as well as the concept of cultural introduction teaching theory is briefly elaborated, and the necessities of cultural introduction teaching and the signiflcances of English cultural introduction teaching are analyzed, and also some rules necessary to follow in the introduction teaching of English culture are introduced, and then the implementation strategies are discussed, so as to provide a reference for a large number of educational workers.

On the Development of a Chinese Discourse in Literary Studies Based on Current Practice

There are two mistaken tendencies in the development of a Chinese literary discourse in academia. One is the ＂red dancing shoes＂ phenomenon, where scholars run helter- skelter after the latest developments in Western literary theory; the other is the ＂bound feet＂ phenomenon, where tradition-bound scholars believe that tradition must be kept unchanged and that Chinese literary theory should be cleansed of all alien elements. Neither approach is desirable. Contemporary Chinese literary theory should be grounded in present realities and should distinguish between substance and function. ＂Substance＂ has to consist of China＇s present literary creation and critical practice; only thus can we appropriate Western and traditional Chinese literary theories in the service of today＇s needs, and make the ancient serve the modern and the foreign the Chinese. This will enable us to develop a literary discourse that is both contemporary and Chinese.

Reflections on Medical Science Papers Published by 2004 Nobel Prize Laureates in Physiology and Medicine

Based on the number of publications and citation, studies the scientific papers published by 2004 Nobel Prize Laureates in Physiology and Medicine. Using International Authoritative Database and Technical Metrology, this paper discusses the quantity and quality of papers published by these top scientists, the regulations for the medical research activities, the progressive processes of the research projects and the cooperation between research scientists on these projects. This study tries to shed a light on facilitating outstanding medical scientists and promoting Nobel Prize-level rer searchers in China.

Chinese MA Student Writers’ Identity Construction in Citation Practices

Based on Burgess and Ivani?’s(2010) framework of the discoursal construction of writer identity, this paper explores the interaction between citation practices and identity construction in Chinese EFL learners’ MA thesis writing. A mixed approach of textual analysis and interviews was adopted to examine the citation features of MA theses and the identities Chinese EFL learners constructed through citation selection. It was found that students’ selection of citations reflects their linguistic identity, academic and disciplinary identity, as well as novice identity. Their citation practices project different discursive selves to readers. By adjusting the number and relevance of references, they intend to construct a knowledgeable and credible self. The use of ineffective citations and references not only projects an unfavorable impression on readers but reflects a lack of authorial identity. This study has significant implications for the teaching of academic English and the supervision of thesis writing.