AIM:To compare non-liquid and clear-liquid diets,and to assess whether the latter is the optimal treatment for mild acute pancreatitis.METHODS:The Cochrane Library,PUBMED,EMBASE,EBM review databases,Science Citation I...AIM:To compare non-liquid and clear-liquid diets,and to assess whether the latter is the optimal treatment for mild acute pancreatitis.METHODS:The Cochrane Library,PUBMED,EMBASE,EBM review databases,Science Citation Index Expanded,and several Chinese databases were searched up to March 2011.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that compared non-liquid with clear-liquid diets in patients with mild acute pancreatitis were included.A meta-analysis was performed using available evidence from RCTs.RESULTS:Three RCTs of adequate quality involving a total of 362 participants were included in the final analysis.Compared to liquid diet,non-liquid diet significantly decreased the length of hospitalization [mean difference(MD):1.18,95% CI:0.82-1.55;P﹤0.00001] and total length of hospitalization(MD:1.31,95% CI:0.45-2.17;P = 0.003).The subgroup analysis showed solid diet was more favorable than clear liquid diet in the length of hospitalization,with a pooled MD being-1.05(95% CI:-1.43 to-0.66;P﹤0.00001).However,compared with clear liquid diet,both soft and solid diets did not show any significant differences for recurrence of pain after re-feeding,either alone [relative risk(RR):0.95;95% CI:0.51-1.87;P = 0.88] and(RR:1.22;95% CI:0.69-2.16;P = 0.49),respectively,or analyzed together as non-liquid diet(RR:0.80;95% CI:0.47-1.36;P = 0.41).CONCLUSION:The non-liquid soft or solid diet did not increase pain recurrence after re-feeding,compared with the clear-liquid diet.The non-liquid diet reduced hospitalization.展开更多
The current management idea of college teaching management lags, the management system rigidities, administration is centralized and management team is limited. These showed a lack of faculty administrator of this con...The current management idea of college teaching management lags, the management system rigidities, administration is centralized and management team is limited. These showed a lack of faculty administrator of this concept. University teaching management people of this concept refers to respect for human presence in the teaching management process, human development as a starting point, all management is to human development, human-centered teaching management activities undertaken.展开更多
This paper focuses on the functions of controlling in Estonia and Germany, The analysis based on the study carried out in Estonian enterprises in 2008. The study was conducted by the Estonian work group of the Interna...This paper focuses on the functions of controlling in Estonia and Germany, The analysis based on the study carried out in Estonian enterprises in 2008. The study was conducted by the Estonian work group of the International Controller Association ICV （internationaler controller verein）. The methodology and controlling questionnaire were the same, which were used by the German work group of ICV in 2006. The mentioned questionnaire was also worked out in Germany by Otto Beisheim School of Management. The authors compared the results of both studies Cultural differences and their impact on the tasks of controllers were also scrutinized. The results of the research indicate that the tasks of Estonian controllers are strictly fixed with procedure documents, which leaves very lithe room lbr independence and initiative. Usually, they are not involved in the strategic planning and goal setting. The final conclusion is that the sustainability function of controlling is much more on the background compared to other functions of controlling, but in the future the role of this function is expected to increase展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare non-liquid and clear-liquid diets,and to assess whether the latter is the optimal treatment for mild acute pancreatitis.METHODS:The Cochrane Library,PUBMED,EMBASE,EBM review databases,Science Citation Index Expanded,and several Chinese databases were searched up to March 2011.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that compared non-liquid with clear-liquid diets in patients with mild acute pancreatitis were included.A meta-analysis was performed using available evidence from RCTs.RESULTS:Three RCTs of adequate quality involving a total of 362 participants were included in the final analysis.Compared to liquid diet,non-liquid diet significantly decreased the length of hospitalization [mean difference(MD):1.18,95% CI:0.82-1.55;P﹤0.00001] and total length of hospitalization(MD:1.31,95% CI:0.45-2.17;P = 0.003).The subgroup analysis showed solid diet was more favorable than clear liquid diet in the length of hospitalization,with a pooled MD being-1.05(95% CI:-1.43 to-0.66;P﹤0.00001).However,compared with clear liquid diet,both soft and solid diets did not show any significant differences for recurrence of pain after re-feeding,either alone [relative risk(RR):0.95;95% CI:0.51-1.87;P = 0.88] and(RR:1.22;95% CI:0.69-2.16;P = 0.49),respectively,or analyzed together as non-liquid diet(RR:0.80;95% CI:0.47-1.36;P = 0.41).CONCLUSION:The non-liquid soft or solid diet did not increase pain recurrence after re-feeding,compared with the clear-liquid diet.The non-liquid diet reduced hospitalization.
文摘The current management idea of college teaching management lags, the management system rigidities, administration is centralized and management team is limited. These showed a lack of faculty administrator of this concept. University teaching management people of this concept refers to respect for human presence in the teaching management process, human development as a starting point, all management is to human development, human-centered teaching management activities undertaken.
文摘This paper focuses on the functions of controlling in Estonia and Germany, The analysis based on the study carried out in Estonian enterprises in 2008. The study was conducted by the Estonian work group of the International Controller Association ICV （internationaler controller verein）. The methodology and controlling questionnaire were the same, which were used by the German work group of ICV in 2006. The mentioned questionnaire was also worked out in Germany by Otto Beisheim School of Management. The authors compared the results of both studies Cultural differences and their impact on the tasks of controllers were also scrutinized. The results of the research indicate that the tasks of Estonian controllers are strictly fixed with procedure documents, which leaves very lithe room lbr independence and initiative. Usually, they are not involved in the strategic planning and goal setting. The final conclusion is that the sustainability function of controlling is much more on the background compared to other functions of controlling, but in the future the role of this function is expected to increase
