圆形料场桥式斗轮取料机料堆模型化及取料能力的稳定

从料堆的几何形状分析入手,建立料堆的几何模型,结合对取料过程的描述,推导出一些数学模型,并重点探讨斗轮最大进给量、桥架最大进给转角以及斗轮小车瞬时侧向速度的计算,提出了圆形料场桥式斗轮堆取料机取料能力的稳定方法。

圆形料场刮板混匀堆取料机单人字形料堆数学模型及工艺参数的确定

从圆形料场刮板混匀堆取料机连续单人字形堆料方式的分析入手,建立了料堆的数学模型,并将数学模型与堆取料工艺参数相结合,确定了料场半径、堆料层数、料堆各层厚度、堆料臂架回转和变幅速度、取料刮板桥架回转速度、料耙几何形状、料场各区域的合理划分以及储料量等工艺参数的定量计算方法。着重叙述了堆料区长度对混匀效果的影响程度,提出了体积比系数和长高比的新概念,并结合实例进行了比较研究。

基于堆料面预测模型的电铲三维挖掘轨迹规划

为实现智能化电铲在露天矿山实时节能的挖掘,提出了一种基于堆料面预测模型的能耗最优挖掘轨迹规划方法.该方法通过激光雷达获取实际堆料面点云感知外部环境,并基于点云数据,采用多项式响应面(PRS)法对堆料面形貌进行建模,实现轨迹规划中动态挖掘体积计算;然后,采用拉格朗日方程建立电铲工作装置动力学模型计算挖掘能耗,采用高次多项式对挖掘轨迹进行插值,将挖掘时间和能耗分别作为优化变量和优化目标,以挖掘过程中几何条件与电机性能等为约束,实现真实料场环境中高效的三维挖掘轨迹规划.实验结果表明,基于多项式响应面法的堆料面模型精度能达到95%以上且建模时间在0.05 s内;挖掘轨迹规划可满足实时性要求,计算结果可靠且所得轨迹能有效应用于电铲自主挖掘.

混匀料场堆料机自动控制及扫描系统的开发

网络技术与自动化技术的发展为钢铁企业原料场提升设备运行效率、创新管理手段提供了新的技术保障,打造全自动化料场是钢铁企业践行智能制造的基础工作之一。针对河钢乐亭混匀料场设计特点,设计了一套基于三维激光扫描仪和PLC的混匀堆料机自动控制系统。介绍了激光扫描仪的原理和堆料机控制系统的软、硬件结构,通过对生产任务进行分解,完成堆料机远程自动控制,并由三维扫描仪完成对混匀料场料堆模型的重构和盘点,在减少了人工干预的同时,提升了企业流程管理规范水平,降低了劳动成本,为企业精细化生产提供了技术支撑。

原料场堆取料机无人化技术研究

为了推进现代化原料场的建设,梅钢对原料区域内的堆取料机进行了无人化作业技术改造,主要包括料堆三维成像、料机定位、堆取料作业模型,过程控制等内容,融合了扫描成像技术、精确定位技术、模型控制技术等内容。通过中控远程控制可实现堆取料机的自动堆取料作业,不仅提高了作业效率,同时降低了人力成本,改善了现场作业环境。

圆形料场储量分析及计算

大型全封闭圆形料场以其技术先进、自动化水平高、环保性能突出、损耗低等特点,已被广泛应用于电力、钢铁、焦化、港口、矿山、粮食等行业的散性物料的存储和输送系统。储量作为圆形料场的最重要的指标参数之一,备受使用者的关注。对于圆形料场储量的计算,目前还没有现成的计算公式。通过对料堆几何模型进行分析,结合多年的设计经验,对圆形料场储量计算方法进行了分析、总结,以方便使用者根据各自条件进行选用。

Experimental and Modelling Studies of Biomass Pyrolysis

The analysis on the feedstock pyrolysis characteristic and the impacts of process parameters on pyrolysis outcomes can assist in the designing,operating and optimizing pyrolysis processes.This work aims to utilize both experimental and modelling approaches to perform the analysis on three biomass feedstocks—wood sawdust,bamboo shred and Jatropha Curcas seed cake residue,and to provide insights for the design and operation of pyrolysis processes.For the experimental part,the study investigated the effect of heating rate,final pyrolysis temperature and sample size on pyrolysis using common thermal analysis techniques.For the modelling part,a transient mathematical model that integrates the feedstock characteristic from the experimental study was used to simulate the pyrolysis progress of selected biomass feedstock particles for reactor scenarios.The model composes of several sub-models that describe pyrolysis kinetic and heat flow,particle heat transfer,particle shrinking and reactor operation.With better understanding of the effects of process conditions and feedstock characteristics on pyrolysis through both experimental and modelling studies,this work discusses on the considerations of and interrelation between feedstock size,pyrolysis energy usage,processing time and product quality for the design and operation of pyrolysis processes.

An experimental study on stress-strain behavior and constitutive model of hardfill material

Hardfill is a new type of artificially cemented material for dam construction works,with a wide application prospect.Its mechanical behavior lies between concrete and rockfill materials.A series of large-scale triaxial tests are performed on hardfill specimens at different ages,and the stress-strain behavior of hardfill is further discussed.The strength and stress-strain relationship of hardfill materials show both frictional mechanism and cohesive mechanism.An age-related constitutive model of hardfill is developed,which is a parallel model consisting of two components,rockfill component and cementation component.Moreover,a comparison is made between the simulated and the experimental results,which shows that the parallel model can reflect the mechanical characteristics of both rockfill-like nonlinearity and concrete-like age relativity.In addition,a simplified method for the determination of parameters is proposed.

A particle-breakage critical state model for rockfill material

Particle breakage has a significant influence on the stress-strain and strength behavior of rockfill material.A breakage critical state theory(BCST)was proposed to describe the evolution of particle breakage.The breakage critical state line in the breakage critical state theory was correlated with the breakage factor,which was fundamentally different from that of the original critical state theory.A simple elastoplastic constitutive model was developed for rockfill in the frame of BCST.An associated flow rule was adopted in this model.Isotropic,contractive and distortional hardening rules were suggested in view of the particle breakage.It was observed that the proposed model could well represent the complex deformation behaviors of rockfill material,such as the strain hardening,post-peak strain softening,volumetric contraction,volumetric expansion,and particle breakage under different initial confining pressures.

Modeling and behaviours of rockfill materials in three-dimensional stress space

A bounding surface model incorporating a unified nonlinear strength criterion is proposed.The proposed bounding surface model contains 9 model parameters,which can be determined from the conventional triaxial tests.The bounding surface model can reproduce such behaviours as the strain hardening,the post-peak strain softening,and the volumetric strain contraction and expansion.Based on the comparisons between the predictions and the test results,the proposed strength criterion and model can well reproduce the experimental results of the strength and stress-strain behaviours of rockfill material in three-dimensional stress space.The strength behaviour of rockfill material is summarized as:(a) the failure stress ratio decreases with the initial confining pressure on the meridian plane;(b) the failure deviatoric stress decreases with the Lode angle from 0o to 60o on the deviatoric plane.The stress ratio decreases with increasing one of such factors as the initial void ratio,the intermediate principal stress ratio and the minor principal stress at the same strain when the other factors are given.

Hypoplastic constitutive modelling of the wetting induced creep of rockfill materials

Discrete element simulations of one-dimensional compression of breakable granular assemblies were performed to investigate the capability of the exponential compression equation suggested by Bauer.The relationship between the so-called solid hardness and the particle strength was studied so as to provide a physical background for the introduction of a time-dependent solid hardness.A hyperbolic flow rule,describing the relationship between the inclination of the strain path and the stress ratio during wetting,was proposed based on typical triaxial wetting experiments on two different rockfill materials.The flow rule was then extended and incorporated into the transformed stress based hypoplastic model to capture the direction of creep strains.Meanwhile,a new density factor was introduced to the extended model to take into account the dependence of the magnitude of creep strains on the packing density.The stiffness tensor given by the extended model was discussed and the flowchart for the integration of the constitutive equation was designed.The extended model was then embedded into a finite element program and used to simulate the triaxial compression and wetting experiments performed on the aforementioned rockfill materials.Good agreement between the model predictions and the measured results lends sufficient credibility to the extended model in reproducing the stress-stain behaviour under loading and the creep behaviour during wetting.The extended model and the finite element program were also used to investigate the deformation behaviour of an earth-rock dam at the end of construction and during first impounding.The familiar phenomena such as the wetting induced settlement of the upstream shell and the movement of the dam crest towards the upstream were successfully captured by the numerical model,which confirms the feasibility of applying the extended model to dam engineering in the future.

A 3D bounding surface model for rockfill materials

A 3D bounding surface model is established for rockfill materials,which can be applied to appropriately predict the deformation and the stabilization of rockfill dams.Firstly,an associated plastic flow rule for rockfill materials is investigated based on the elaborate data from the large-style triaxial compression tests and the true triaxial tests.Secondly,the constitutive equations of the 3D bounding surface model are established by several steps.These steps include the bounding surface incorporating the general nonlinear strength criterion,stress-dilatancy equations,the evolution of the bounding surface and the bounding surface plasticity.Finally,the 3D bounding surface model is used to predict the mechanical behaviors of rockfill materials from the large-style triaxial compression tests and the true triaxial tests.Consequently,the proposed 3D bounding surface model can well capture such behaviors of rockfill materials as the strain hardening,the post-peak strain softening,and the volumetric strain contraction and expansion in both two-and three-dimensional stress spaces.

A constitutive model for the state-dependent behaviors of rockfill material considering particle breakage

The particle breakage during specimen compaction had more significant influence on the position of the breakage critical-state line(BCSL)of Tacheng rockfill material(TRM)in the e-lnp’plane than the particle breakage during shearing,based on the large-scale triaxial compression tests on TRM in a wide range of densities and pressures.The state-dependent dilatancy and the plastic modulus were correlated to the breakage index,based on the formulations of the BCSL of TRM in the e-lnp’plane.The state-dependent model considering particle breakage was proposed for TRM within the framework of the generalized plasticity theory.The proposed model contained fourteen material constants.The test data of TRM from Group A were adopted to determine these material constants,while the test data from Group B were used independently to validate the model predictive capacity.The comparisons between model simulations and test data illustrated that the model with consideration of particle breakage could well represent the stress-strain behaviors of TRM,e.g.,the strain hardening and volumetric contraction behaviors at a loose state and the strain softening and volumetric expansion behaviors at a dense state,and also the particle breakage behaviors of TRM.