超高料层烧结工艺下优化料层透气性生产实践

传统烧结料层厚度因料层透气性被限制在750~800 mm,从而影响了烧结矿的生产效率。在不影响烧结矿质量的前提下,改善料层透气性,有效提高烧结料层厚度已成为进一步提高烧结矿生产效率的重要途径。涟钢360 m 2烧结机,通过加强制粒性能,优化原料结构,改进生石灰下料设备,优化圆筒混合机扬料角钢方式等措施,强化制粒,改善了烧结料层的透气性。相比于料层厚度700~750 mm烧结,料层厚度950~1000 mm超高料层条件下,烧结矿的转鼓强度逐步提高至79.23%,利用系数稳定在1.50 t/(m^(2)*h)以上,固体燃耗稳定在51.48 kg/t,返矿配比降低至21.52%,为超高料层烧结(1000 mm)提高烧结矿生产效率提供了参考。

高炉内型曲线和炉料下降性能

高炉内型不仅对炉料的下降速度分布而且对料层结构和气流有极大的影响。在1/10～1/20缩小比例的立体半剖面高炉模型研究结果的基础上确定,在从料流和气流稳定角度优化高炉内型方面,炉墙耐火砖的侵蚀和渣皮的形成使炉身上部的料流和气流不稳定;炉墙的侵蚀极大地改变了高炉下部软熔带的形状。讨论了大型高炉内型下部的问题。

复合造块法高效处置含碳钢铁尘泥研究

提出一种新的处理含碳钢铁尘泥的方法,采用复合造块法来处置钢铁尘泥,研究尘泥球团配比、粒度及分布对烧结过程的影响,揭示基体料与钢铁尘泥球团复合造块的成矿机理。研究结果表明:复合造块方法处置钢铁尘泥可明显改善料层透气性,提高烧结矿产量和质量。通过尘泥球团偏析分布,将53.60%尘泥球团在1层和2层分布、33.27%球团在9层和10层分布、其余球团分布在3~8层,可实现料层均热,获得的产品成品率、转鼓强度、利用系数和焦粉消耗量分别为78.34%、69.33%、1.551 t/(m2·h)和35.45 kg/t。产品由高碱度烧结矿基体与尘泥球团构成,基体部分主要为针状和条状铁酸钙,球团部分为中孔厚壁结构,两者过渡带为铁酸钙液相侵入球团与赤铁矿颗粒形成交织结构。

影响生物质气化指标的主要因素分析

通过流化床生物质气化炉(气化强度为225kg/m2·h)的运行实践,分析了物料性质、料层结构对气化过程的影响,指出当物料含水量<20%、灰分<7%、粒度在20～50mm之间,料层厚度在0.5～0.8m之间时,气化效果较好,对改善气化过程具有指导意义。

Microstructures,mechanical and oxidation behaviors of C/C composites modified by NiAl alloy

Carbon/carbon composites modified by NiAl alloy were prepared using vacuum reactive melt infiltration methods with NiAl and titanium mixed powders as raw materials. The microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The fracture behavior, infiltration and oxidation mechanism were further discussed. The results indicated that NiAl alloy exhibited good wettability on the C/C preform because a TiC reaction layer formed at the interface. Multi-layer（PyC/TiC/NiAl＋TiC） coating evenly and compactly distributed on the surface of the carbon fiber in tubular form. The penetration depth of molten NiAl alloys depended on the reaction between the PyC and titanium. The impact fracture was inclined to along the interface between the NiAl permeability layer and C/C matrix. Al_2TiO_5 and TiO_2 formed on the surface, while the interior multi-layer tubular structure partially remained after oxidation at 1773 K for 30 min.

BHS型砂滤器的研制及其在水处理中的应用

本文介绍了一种滤料层结构与传统过滤器不同的新型砂滤器的设计原理及其在水处理应用中表现出来的良好性能。

Microstructure stability of Ti_2Al N/Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb composite at 900 °C

Microstructure stability of in situ synthesized Ti2AlN/Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb composite during aging at 900 ℃ was investigated by XRD, OM and TEM, and the unreinforced Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was also examined for comparison. The result showed that in the TiAl alloy,α2 lamellae thinned and were broken down, and became discontinuous with increasing aging time. The decomposition ofα2 lamella toγ which was characterized by parallel decomposition and breakdown ofα2 lamellae led to the degradation of the lamellar structure. While in the composite, lamellar structure remained relatively stable even after aging at 900 ℃ for 100 h. No breakdown ofα2 lamellae except parallel decomposition and precipitation of fine nitride particles was observed. The better microstructural stability of the composite was mainly attributed to the precipitation of Ti2AlN particles at theα2/γ interface which played an important role in retarding the coarsening of lamellar microstructure in the matrix of composite.

攀钢6号烧结机大修后达产攻关实践

本文简要介绍了本次攻关的过程，重点分析了大修后存在的问题及攻关措施，并概括性地探讨了今后攻关的努力方向，为今后其人机的大、中修后组织投产提供了可借鉴的经验．

开出炉口用变压器在电炉中的应用及节能

阐述了30MVA密闭电石炉在投入自动化运行时(电极自动升降调节功能),出炉开出炉口中引起电极频繁上下波动,给电石炉稳定运行造成诸多不利因素,制约电炉的各项经济指标。为此,设计开炉眼专用变压器,实现大型电石炉的自动化,为稳定炉况提供保障,取得了较好的经济效益。

电石炉内形成空洞的原因与对策

山西三维集团公司2000年投资新建了一台25000kVA密闭式电石炉，又称3^#电炉。自2002年到2003年，在生产过程中电石炉内电极外围经常发现有空洞现象出现，空洞内聚集着炽热炉气，使炉内空洞不断扩大，炉内料层结构时常遭到破坏，电极不能深人炉内，电石生产成绩下降；同时由于炉气不能均匀放出，形成炉内局部压力、温度过高，时有烧坏设备和烧塌炉眼现象，如不及时处理还容易烧坏炉壁，从而缩短了电石炉的使用寿命。

Modifying element diffusion pathway by transition layer structure in high-entropy alloy particle reinforced Cu matrix composites

The Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy(HEA)particles reinforced Cu matrix composites(CMCs)were fabricated by mechanical alloying and sintering.Transition layer structure was obtained by multi-step ball milling to investigate the related influence on element diffusion behavior and wear properties of CMCs.The results indicate that a new Cu transition layer is generated,and the thickness is about 5μm.Cr element diffuses into the interface via the transition layer,which forms the complex oxide.Because of the structure of Cu transition layer,the diffusion rates of Ni,Co and Fe increase,especially the Ni element.The wear resistance of CMCs is improved by 30%,which is due to the improvement of interface bonding strength,compared with the CMCs without transition layer.This method is applicable to the development of advanced HEA reinforced metallic matrix composites.

Design and characterization of Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo−highly porous Ti6Al4V biomedical bilayer processed by powder metallurgy

The aim of this work was to develop a Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo−highly porous Ti6Al4V bilayer for biomedical applications.Conventional powder metallurgy technique,with semi-solid state sintering as consolidation step,was employed to fabricate samples with a compact top layer and a porous bottom layer to better mimic natural bone.The densification behavior of the bilayer specimen was studied by dilatometry and the resulting microstructure was observed by scan electron microscopy(SEM)and computed microtomography(CMT),while the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were evaluated by compression and potentiodynamic tests,respectively.The results indicate that bilayer samples without cracks were obtained at the interface which has no negative impact on the densification.Permeability values of the highly porous layer were in the lower range of those of human bones.The compression behavior is dictated by the highly porous Ti6Al4V layer.Additionally,the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo is better than that of Ti6Al4V,which improves the performance of the bilayer sample.This work provides an insight into the important aspects of a bilayer fabrication by powder metallurgy and properties of Ti6Al4V/20CoCrMo−highly porous Ti6Al4V structure,which can potentially benefit the production of customized implants with improved wear performance and increased in vivo lifetime.

Interaction Between Large-scale Vortex Structure and Dispersed Particles in a Three Dimensional Mixing Layer

In order to understand the interaction between large-scale vortex structure and particles, a two-way coupling temporal mixing layer laden with particles at a Stokes number of 5 with different mass loading planted initially in the upper half region is numerically studied. The pseudospectral method is used for the flow fluid and the Lagrangian approach is employed to trace particles. The momentum coupling effect introduced by a particle is approximated to a point force. The simulation results show that the coherent structures are still dominant in the mixing layer, but the large-scale vortex structure and particle dispersion are modulated. The length of large-scale vortex structure is shortened and the pairing is delayed. At the same time, the particles are distributed more evenly in the whole flow field as the mass loading is increased, but the particle dispersion along the transverse direction differs from that along the spanwise direction, which indicates that the effect by the addition of particle on the spanwise large-scale vortex structure is different from the streamwise counterpart.

Annealing hardening and deformation behavior of layered gradient Zr–Ti composite

To investigate potential strengthening approaches,multi-layered zirconium–titanium(Zr-Ti)composites were fabricated by hot-rolling bonding and annealing.The microstructures of these composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)and electron backscatter diffractometry(EBSD).Their mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tension and compression measurements.It was found that the fabricated Zr–Ti composites are composed of alternating Zr/diffusion/Ti layers,and chemical compositions of Zr and Ti showed a gradient distribution in the diffusion layer.Compared with as-rolled samples,annealing can strengthen the layered gradient Zr–Ti composite,and this is mainly caused by solid-solution strengthening and microstructure refinement-induced strengthening.Compared with the raw materials,a synergistic improvement of strength and ductility is achieved in the Zr–Ti composite as a result of the layered gradient microstructure.Tension–compression asymmetry is observed in the Zr–Ti composites,which may be attributed to twinning and microvoids induced by unbalanced diffusion.

Deformation Characteristics of Leather for Shoe Upper, Filled with Natural Minerals

A promising direction in the tanning industry is the use of natural minerals as environmentally friendly technologically efficient materials that are able to adjust and regulate the efficiency of formation of the dermis structure and the properties of finished leather. The use of finely-dispersed minerals promotes alignment of topographic areas in thickness, increases the yield of leather on the area by avoiding bonding structural elements of the dermis. Changes in the microstructure of the dermis, as a result of mineral filling, contribute to improvement of performance and hygienic properties of finished leather. And the study of the properties of the specified skins should be consistent with the features of operations on their cutting, shoe molding and shoe upper fixing preparations. The most important properties of leather materials, which largely determine the quality of basic technological operations of shoe manufacturing are the deformation properties. Lack of information about relaxation and deformation properties of the leather produced by the new technologies do not allow to predict their ability to form shapes and save it--indicates the relevance of this study. This paper analyzes relaxation and deformation characteristics of natural leather for shoe uppers, filled with natural minerals montmorillonite and zeolite, and the ability to predict their formation and preservation of shape in service. Features of deformation of the skin with mineral content were assessed by determining single-cycle characteristics when attaching to a complete test cycle ＂loading-unloading-rest＂ sample. Correlations of elastic and plastic （permanent） deformation have been established, kinetics of changes in linear characteristics of the samples after removal of the load has been investigated. Introduction of dispersions of mineral to the structure of the dermis contributes to the strength of semi-finished leather, increase of the uniformity of mechanical properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions and rise of shape stability index. It is shown that the direction of this study allows us to offer new competitive ecologically friendly materials to produce shoes.

High-temperature acoustic properties of porous titanium fiber metal materials

The high-temperature acoustic absorption performance of porous titanium fiber material was investigated in terms of sample thickness, porosity, temperature, air-cavity thickness and double-layer structure arrangement. The effects on absorption coefficient were systematically assessed. The results show that the sound absorption performance is improved by increasing the sample porosity and/or thickness, and/or increasing the air-cavity thickness. Meanwhile, increasing the temperature gives better acoustic absorption performance in the low frequency range but also lowers the performance in the high frequency range, while double-layer structure enables better acoustic absorption performance.

Effect of thermal cycle on Ni-Cr based nanostructured thermal spray coating in boiler tubes

Ni-Cr based nanostructured feedstock powder was prepared by mechanical milling technique involving repeated welding, fracturing, and re-welding of powder particles in a planetary ball mill. The milled nanocrystalline powders were used to coat carbon steel tubes using high velocity oxygen fuel（HVOF） thermal spraying process. The characterization of the feedstock powder and HVOF coated substrates was performed using optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, high resolution transmission electron microscope（HR-TEM）, energy dispersive spectrometer（EDS） and microhardness tests. The coated and uncoated samples were subjected to different thermal cycles and characterized for their phase changes, metallurgical changes and microhardness variations. Ni-Cr nanostructured coated samples exhibited higher mechanical and metallurgical properties compared to their conventionally coated counter parts. The results showed that the nanostructured coating possessed a more uniform and denser microstructure than the conventional coating.

Interface microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted multilayer functionally graded materials

Functionally graded material(FGM)can tailor properties of components such as wear resistance,corrosion resistance,and functionality to enhance the overall performance.The selective laser melting(SLM)additive manufacturing highlights the capability in manufacturing FGMs with a high geometrical complexity and manufacture flexibility.In this work,the 316L/CuSn10/18Ni300/CoCr four-type materials FGMs were fabricated using SLM.The microstructure and properties of the FGMs were investigated to reveal the effects of SLM processing parameters on the defects.A large number of microcracks were found at the 316L/CuSn10 interface,which initiated from the fusion boundary of 316L region and extended along the building direction.The elastic modulus and nano-hardness in the 18Ni300/CoCr fusion zone decreased significantly,less than those in the 18Ni300 region or the CoCr region.The iron and copper elements were well diffused in the 316L/CuSn10 fusion zone,while elements in the CuSn10/18Ni300 and the 18Ni300/CoCr fusion zones showed significantly gradient transitions.Compared with other regions,the width of the CuSn10/18Ni300 interface and the CuSn10 region expand significantly.The mechanisms of materials fusion and crack generation at the 316L/CuSn10 interface were discussed.In addition,FGM structures without macro-crack were built by only altering the deposition subsequence of 316L and CuSn10,which provides a guide for the additive manufacturing of FGM structures.

Synthesis of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 in Air Atmosphere and its Characterization

The commercialized lithium secondary cells need the electrode materials with high speeific capacity, lower pollution and lower price. Certain industrial materials ( NiSO_4, CoSO_4 , LiOH·H_2O)were used to synthesize Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2)(OH)_2 of a stratified structure, when various synthesis conditions such as pH, reaction temperature et al. were controlled strictly. After LiOH·H_2O and Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2) (OH)_2were calcinated in air atmosphere, LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 positive electrode materials with good layered crystal structure was obtained. Tests showed that the optimal calcination temperature in air atmosphere was about at 720℃ and LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 synthesized in the above conditions had good electrochemical properties and a low cost. The first specific: discharge capacity of the material was 186 mAh/g, and the specific discharge capacity was 175 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a 0.2C rate, between 3.0～4.2 V with a discharge deterioration ratio of 0.22% each cycle. Tests showed that LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 positive electrode materials was a promising candidate to replace the commereialized LiCoO_2 for lithium secondary batteries.

Electrochemical Deposition of Ni-W Gradient Deposit and Its Structural Characterization

The Ni-W gradient deposit with nano-structure was prepared by an electrochemical deposition method.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) indicate that the crystallite size of the deposit decreases from 10.3nm to 1.5nm and the crystal grating aberrance increases with the increase of W content in the growing direction of the deposit. The structure of deposit changes from crystalline to amorphous stepwise with associated increase of crystal grating aberrance, and presents gradient distribution. These show that the deposit isgradient with nano-structure.