出土古玉器的料色和沁色辨析

通过分析古玉器的颜色来鉴别、评估古玉器是古玉器鉴定研究中的一项重要内容。出土古玉器的颜色成因是多方面的,既有玉料本身具有的颜色(作者称之为料色),它由玉石中所含致色元素的成分和质量分数决定;又有玉料被加工成器后因埋藏与周围介质发生作用而变化的颜色(即沁色)。在鉴定实践中不少的鉴定者将玉器的料色误定为沁色。以和田玉为例试图通过玉器的颜色与玉器雕琢纹饰之间的关系来辨别料色与沁色。

康熙年间青花瓷料色与纹饰特征探微

清代康熙年间青花瓷具有明快的色彩搭配、精湛的装饰技巧,其装饰艺术当中独有的"料分五色"可谓是康熙年间青花瓷的典型特征,也使其成为了历代青花瓷器之冠。本文通过研究康熙年间青花瓷绝妙的料色和典型的纹饰特征,探析了康熙年间青花瓷的艺术之美。

明中晚期民间青花的风格表现研究

民间青花画是明中晚期最常见的题材,内容极富生活气息,具有文人水墨画的风雅。民间艺术家的创作风格具有强烈的个人特色和时代特色,往往具有丰富的层次、强烈的节奏感和浓烈的感情色彩。不被束缚的风格使他们的画作如行云流水,一气呵成。明中晚期的民间青花在料色、釉色及造型上,具有坚毅质朴、浑厚自然的特点,而这种浑然天成、自然和谐正是明代民窑青花瓷的艺术魅力。当我们欣赏民间青花山水瓷绘时,总会被其质朴的痕迹所吸引,为其空灵的构图所沉醉,被其温润清雅的釉色所折服。看似并不经意却是用心良苦,浓烈的人间悲欢之感以及浑然天成的自然美感,恰是明中晚期民间青花山水的独特魅力所在。

论水墨画的色彩在青花瓷艺术设计中的应用

就艺术领域来说,中国陶瓷艺术设计中的青花瓷艺术设计与中国水墨画的关联尤其密切。从青花瓷艺术设计中,我们不难发现其中孕育着丰富的水墨画的色彩因子,其影响可谓比比皆是,本文就试着从几个方面来论证中国水墨画的色彩在青花瓷艺术设计中的应用。

棕色瓶罐玻璃转为古典绿的技术探索

基于已有的棕色瓶罐玻璃瓶生产技术和设备,根据瓶色控制和最大程度降低生产损失的要求,探索棕色转为古典绿(即料色转换)的换料过程与工艺技术。

栽培种培养时间对真姬菇产量和质量的影响

研究了栽培种培养时间对真姬菇搔菌后气生菌丝恢复生长、料面转色、现蕾和子实体发育的影响 ,发现培养 75d的处理C和培养 83d的处理D的现蕾情况最好 ,菇形最佳 ,产量最高 ,16瓶产量分别达 2 .2 6 1kg和 2 .36 4kg ;培养 6 1d的处理A和培养 6 7d的处理B现蕾情况不好 ,子实体发育迟缓 ,栽培瓶之间差异较大 ;培养 92d的处理E现蕾情况良好 ,但是在栽培后期易受杂菌污染。

Property changes of wood-fiber/HDPE composites colored by iron oxide pigments after accelerated UV weathering

Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.

Preparation and photocatalytic performance of porous ZnO microrods loaded with Ag

Porous silver-modified ZnO microrods photocatalysts were synthesized through direct thermal decomposition of the Ag-doped zinctartrate precursor,which was prepared by homogeneous precipitation method at 80 °C for 2 h.The obtained samples were characterized by XRD,FTIR,TG？DTA and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared porous Ag/ZnO microrods was tested with the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.The results indicate that doping Ag greatly improves the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and 3% Ag-doped（mole fraction） ZnO porous microrod photocatalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic decolorization efficiency,leading to as much as 80% reduction of MO concentration in 120 min.Moreover,the 3% Ag-doped porous microrods also possess higher photocatalytic activity under the real sunlight irradiation.

提高瓶罐玻璃透明度的几条措施

为满足由输液瓶转产白酒瓶和罐头瓶对料色和透明度的相关要求,根据自身的实际情况,从主要原料的选用、碎玻璃的质量和用量控制、配料设备的改进以及玻璃熔窑内的气氛控制等方面采取了针对性的措施,取得了显著的效果。

Plasma methods for preparing green catalysts: Current status and perspective

Most current catalyst preparation methods cause pollution to air, water and land with the use of hazardous chemicals, lengthy operation time, high energy input and excessive water usage. The development of green catalyst preparation is necessary to prevent and eliminate waste from each step of the catalyst preparation. We summarize recent progress in the application of cold plasmas for green catalyst preparation. Cold plasma preparation can reduce the catalyst size, improve the dispersion and enhance catalyst-support interaction with the use of less or no hazardous chemicals. These improvements also lead to the enhancement of catalyst activity and stability. An alternative room temperature electron reduction with a non-hydrogen plasma as an electron source was developed for the reduction of noble metal ions in which no hazardous chemical reducing agent or hydrogen was needed. This creates many opportunities for the development of supported catalysts with heat sensitive substrates, including metal organic frameworks （MOFs）, covalent organic framework（COFs）, high surface area carbon, peptide, DNA, proteins and others. A novel floating metal catalyst on a water（or solution） surface has been established. Template removal using low temperature cold plasmas also leads to the formation of high surface area porous materials with characteristics that are normally only obtainable with high temperature calcination, but sintering can be avoided. Micro combustion has been developed for the removal of carbon template using cold plasma. This is promising for preparing many structured oxides in a simple way with no use of auxiliary chemicals. Many opportunities exist for the use of cold plasmas to make multi-metallic oxides. Some future development ideas are addressed.

浅论中国水墨画在青花艺术中的表现形式

青花的创作过程是陶瓷绘画中最能与水墨画交融的一种陶瓷绘画,由于都是以水来混合墨料从而进行绘画创作,使得这两种艺术从水这一个契合点出发,各自开出了"墨色"和"青色"的两朵骄花,争奇斗艳,大放异彩。本文就以水墨画为开端,从材料、技法、意境等方面论述其在青花艺术的表现形式。

论景德镇青花瓷装饰艺术的工艺美

景德镇青花瓷装饰艺术属于工艺美术,具有工艺美术的属性,它不仅仅是指美术设计、造型设计及装饰技法,它既包含了审美性,又包含了技术性,它是材料、功能、技术和艺术的统一。本文对其工艺美进行了探讨和论述。

Preliminary Identification of Red Pigment and Positive Correlation between the Contents of Red Pigment and Total Saponins of Panax notoginseng Fruits

[Objective] This study aimed to identify red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits and explore the correlation between pigment content and total saponins of the fruits. [Method] The red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits was preliminarily identi- fied with specific color reactions and UV-vis spectra, and the contents of the pigment and total saponins were determined via spectrophotometry. [Result] The red hues of the fruits were contributed by anthocyanins and/or the anthocyanidins. The contents of anthocyanins and total saponins of the fruits both decreased along with thinning of the red hues. The content difference of the anthocyanins in fruits with different red hues reached extremely significant level, but that of total saponins just reached significant level. [Conclusion] The red pigment of P. notoginseng fruits is anthocyanins which are of extremely significant positive correlation with total saponins in contents.

Evaluation on Uncertainty of Determining Aspartame in Beverage by HPLC

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the uncertainty of determining aspartame in beverage by high performance liquid chromatography （ HPLC）. [Method] The content of aspartame in beverage was determined by HPLC, then the source of uncertainty in the whole determination process was analyzed, and each component of uncertainty was evaluated and combined. [ Result] Through 6 repeated determinations by the method in GB/T 22254-2008 ＂Determination of Aspartame in Food＂, the average content of aspartame in beverage was （0.806 ±0.038） g/kg, and k =2. The main sources of uncertainty to affect the process were the sample weighting process, the preparation process of standard solution introduced by sample constant volume and the uncertainty introduced by fitting standard curve. ①The uncertainty of standard work-solution. The combined uncertainty of standard work-solution was 0.013 9, among them the uncertainty introduced by standard sample purity was 0.005 8, the standard uncertainty introduced by standard material weighting was 1.49 ×10^4, the relative uncertainty introduced by glass apparatus calibration in the preparation process of aspartame standard reserving solution was 0. 007 88, and the uncertainty introduced by glass apparatus calibration in the preparation process of standard work-solution was 0. 009 9. ②The uncertainty introduced by the preparation process of sample specimen. Among them the relative standard uncertainty introduced by sample weighting process was 0. 009, and the uncertainty introduced by sample constant volume was 0.000 78. ③The uncertainty introduced by the fitting process of standard curve. Among them the relative uncertainty of curve fitting was 0.002 46, the uncertainty introduced by the determined results of aspartame was 0.017 0, the total combined standard uncertainty was 0.023 9, and the expanded standard uncertainty was 0.019. [ Conclusion] The uncertainty components of standard solution, standard curve and repeatability are the main sources of uncertainty, while those of sample weighting and sample constant volume account for little proportion.

Preparation of Cr_2O_3-based pigments with high NIR reflectance via thermal decomposition of CrOOH

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emission and urban heat island mitigation, pure and titanium（Ti）-doped Cr2O3 cool pigments were prepared via the thermal decomposition of CrOOH. The result reveals that the pure Cr2O3 pigment presents both a high near-infrared reflectance and excellent yellowish-green color. Meanwhile, titanium was doped to improve the NIR reflectance and strengthen the color. The color of the designed pigments was brighter, and most importantly, the NIR reflectance increased from 84.04% to 91.25% with increasing Ti content from 0 to 0.006% （mole fraction）. However, excessive doping of Ti4＋ for Cr3＋ in Cr2O3 （x（Ti）≥0.008%） decreased the NIR reflectance. One possible reason is that the conductivity type of the Cr2？xTixO3＋δ changed from p-type conduction to n-type conduction with increasing Ti content, accompanied by the change of the electrical resistivity and the NIR reflectance. The prepared yellowish-green Cr2O3 pigments have a great potential for extensive applications in construction and military.

Screening of Decolorizing Fungi for Rose Bengal and Water-soluble Colour Paste and Its Decolorization Conditions

The strain No. 2 which was isolated from the soil through enrichment culture was used as the experimental material. It was cultured in liquid medium to research decolorizing effect to Rose Bengal and soluble color paste under the different conditions of different media,carbon sources,nitrogen sources,initial pH values and culture temperatures. The results revealed that the optimum decolorizing conditions were using bean juice medium and PDA medium as the minimal medium,sucrose as the carbon source,and ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source,initial pH 6.0-8.0. In addition,the strain was primarily identified as Aspergillus flavus according to its morphous and ITS sequence analysis.

BiOCl-Bi12O17Cl2 nanocomposite with high visible-light photocatalytic activity prepared by an ultrasonic hydrothermal method for removing dye and pharmaceutical

A BiOCl-Bi12O17Cl2 nanocomposite with a high visible-light response and a low photoinduced electron-hole pair recombination rate was successfully synthesized using an ultrasonic-hydrothermal method.The texture,structure,optical,and photocatalytic properties of the composite were characterized.The results showed that the composite had a sheet flower-like structure with a large specific surface area.Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence spectra showed that the composite had an excellent visible-light response and a low recombination rate of photoinduced electron hole pairs.The photocatalytic property of the composite was evaluated by the removal efficiency of rhodamine B and ciprofloxacin under visible-light illumination.The composite’s reaction rate constant of removing rhodamine B(/ciprofloxacin)was approximately 8.14(/4.94),42.63(/11.91)and 64.66(/36.07)times that of Bi12O17Cl2,P25,and BiOCl,respectively.Furthermore,the composite showed a wide applicable pH range and excellent reusability.Mechanism analysis showed that photogenerated holes played a dominant role and·O2–also contributed to photocatalytic degradation.In summary,this study presents a high-efficiency photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.

Optimization of machining parameters in drilling hybrid aluminium metal matrix composites

Taguchi method with grey relational analysis was used to optimize the machining parameters with multiple performance characteristics in drilling hybrid metal matrix A1356/SiC-mica composites. Experiments were conducted on a computer numerical control vertical machining centre and Lzs orthogonal array was chosen for the experiments. The drilling parameters namely spindle speed, feed rate, drill type and mass fraction of mica were optimized based on the multiple performance characteristics including thrust force, surface roughness, tool wear and burr height （exit）. The results show that the feed rate and the type of drill are the most significant factors which affect the drilling process and the performance in the drilling process can be effectively improved by using this approach.

Decolorization of Anthraquinone dye by Rhodopseudomonas XL-1

Rhodopseudomonas XL 1 gained from textile wastewater can effectively decolorize anthraquinone dye. Under anaerobic condition, 93 percent of the anthraquinone dye is decolorized , which is higher than that under aerobic condition. The optimum pH is 6～9 and the optimum temperature is 20～40℃ for the anthraquinone dye decolorization by XL 1 . XL 1 can not decolorize the anthraquinone dye when it is the sole carbon source. Microbial cometabolism and decolorization of the dye take place in the presence of some other carbon source(0.2～0.4g/100ml)called cometabolic substrate. The cometabolic substrate can be peptone, glucose, sodium acetate, beef extract, amylum, etc. The change of molecular structure of the dye before and after decolorized by XL 1 is studied by UV Vis absorption spectrum. The results indicate that its molecular structure is changed evidently.