A six-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different enzyme cocktails in cornsoybean-byproduct diets on broiler chickens＇ growth performance and nutrient utilization. A total of 6...A six-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different enzyme cocktails in cornsoybean-byproduct diets on broiler chickens＇ growth performance and nutrient utilization. A total of 630 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 7 experimental groups with 6 replicates of 15 chicks. The group of chicks serving as the control group were fed a basal diet made of mainly corn and soybean meal, mixed with a little fish meal, rapeseed meal and wheat bran. The other six groups were fed the same basal diet supplemented with each a different enzyme complex at the dosage of 0.75 kg enzyme in 1 t basal diet. At the same time, a metabolic trial was carded out on 42 chicks at the 27 d age. The results showed that the average daily mass gain （ADG） of chicks in the starter phase, age 1 d to 21 d, was improved by all enzyme complex supplements except the cocktail made of 230 IU/g α-amylase, 5.6 klU/g β-glucanase, 5.3 kIU/g cellulase, 15.5 kIU/g protease and 37.5 kIU/g xylanase. The enzyme cocktail made of 1.6 klU/g α-amylase, 80 klU/g protease and 1.6 kIU/g xylanase worked out the most significant difference （P〈0.05）. Enzyme supplementation decreased the feed conversion ratio （FCR） by 2.78% to 3.98% （P〉0.05）, indicating better utilization of nutritients. In the grower phase at the age from 22 d to 42 d, the enzyme cocktail made of 4.0 kIU/g β-glucanase, 3.8 kIU/g cellulase, 17.8 kIU/g protease, 4.5 kIU/g xylanase and 44 IU/g α-glactase, and that made of 240 IU/g α-amylase, 1.4.6 kIU/g β-glucanase, 2.0 kIU/g cellulase, 5.7 klU/g protease, 400 IU/g xylanase, 20 IU/g α- glactase and 200 IU/g phytase imporved chicks＇ ADG and FCR significantly （P〈0.05）. These two cocktails also were shown to improve ADG and FCR in the entire period of broiler age from 1 d to 42 d. Exogenous digesting enzymes such as protease and amylase benefited the growth and nutrition utilization in young broilers in the starter phase but barely in the grower phase, indicating the underdeveloped intestine of young broilers cannot secrete sufficient digestive enzymes, making an exogenous supplement necessary. Application of an enzyme complex supplement to a maize-soybean diet for broiler chickens challenges attention to selecting suitable enzymes and their proper dosages according to basal diet composition and the age of the broilers.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim is to produce compound drinks of jujube, medlar and soybean. [Method] Taking jujube, medlar and soybeam as raw material, the technologies to process compound drinks were studied. The key working p...[ Objective] The aim is to produce compound drinks of jujube, medlar and soybean. [Method] Taking jujube, medlar and soybeam as raw material, the technologies to process compound drinks were studied. The key working procedure was determined. Factors that influenced quali-ty of drinks were studied.[ Result] The best formula was： 30% ：30% ：30% of jujube： medlar： soybean. The color fixative of Vc was 0.02%. The ratio of materials and water was 1 ： 5 mg/ml. The addition of stabilizer xanthan was 0.20%. The addition of white crystal sugar was 6%. [ Conclu-slo] The sensual evaluation of the compound juice of jujube, medlar and soybean was good and the quality achieved national standard.展开更多
Pork in Taiwan has played an important role in terms of domestic consumption, production and price fluctuation in several decades. This study attempts to investigate the causal relationship between hog and feedstuff p...Pork in Taiwan has played an important role in terms of domestic consumption, production and price fluctuation in several decades. This study attempts to investigate the causal relationship between hog and feedstuff prices in Taiwan by using monthly time series over the period of January 2000 to October 2010. Prices from hog, feedstuff, soybean meal and corn are considered and performed through a multivariate vector autoregressive （VAR） model. As the empirical results, the long-run equilibrium is captured identifying price elasticity among the variables using the Johansen cointegration diagnosis. Then, the Granger causality approach shows that bidirectional relationship is detected running from feedstuff to corn and from soybean meal to hog as well as unidirectional relationship running from corn to hog, from feedstuff to hog and from soybean meal to feedstuff. In the conclusions, we point out to raw material prices of feedstuff, namely corn and soybean meal that have an importance to hog price as the cost of meat production. Pig farmers and policy-makers should understand the behavior of price interactions to manage the risks on hog market and to increase the profitability on suitable price.展开更多
A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The...A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.展开更多
To determine the best combinations of organic and mineral fertilizer applications under resource-limited conditions in the Sahel, West Africa, on-farm experiments for two years in the Fakara region of western Niger is...To determine the best combinations of organic and mineral fertilizer applications under resource-limited conditions in the Sahel, West Africa, on-farm experiments for two years in the Fakara region of western Niger is conducted. Ten treatments were tested; six of them received one of three organic fertilizers （none, millet husks, or manure）, with or without mineral fertilizer; two grew millet/（dual-purpose） cowpea intercrops with mineral fertilizer in 1：1 or 4：4 row arrangement; one grew a millet/（spreading） cowpea intercrop with manure; and one grew a millet/hibiscus intercrop with millet husks. Manure increased total biomass by 127%- 147% （P 〈 0.001 ） and millet yield by 130%- 184% （P 〈 0.01 ）. Mineral fertilizer increased total biomass by 27% （P 〈 0.01 ） and millet yield by 24% （P 〈 0.05） in 2008. The N balance was greatest and positive in the manure treatment （P 〈 0.001）, followed by millet husks. Mineral fertilizer on the intercropped dual-purpose cowpea increased the agronomic N use efficiency of millet by 329%-483% （P 〈 0.01） compared with manure. The use of small quantities of mineral fertilizer on the intercropped dual-purpose cowpea, therefore, is a best combination for limited N-resources-farmers. Single manure, millet husks plus mineral fertilizer, or year-alternative-application are also recommendable depends on farmers accessibility to the resources.展开更多
The aim of the study was to describe the binding of cholic acid by hemicellulose and pectin of yard-long bean at gastrointestinal system （in vitro）, through variation of acidity （pH 3, 5 and 7） and boiling time （...The aim of the study was to describe the binding of cholic acid by hemicellulose and pectin of yard-long bean at gastrointestinal system （in vitro）, through variation of acidity （pH 3, 5 and 7） and boiling time （raw/0, 5, 20 and 35 minutes） of yard-long bean. Two-way Anova （α= 5%） and functional groups analysis by infrared spectrophotometer were applied for the binding description. The results of the study showed： （1） The highest binding percentage of cholic acid by dietary fiber of yard-long bean at pH 3-raw treatment （76.603%）; （2） Cholic acid binding via C = O/ester or acid of hemicellulose, C-O-C/cyclic ether of pectin, while C = O/ester or acid of oectin through iron.展开更多
Under high-excitation irradiance conditions to induce fluorescence, the dependence of photobleaching of Coumarin 307 （C307） and acriflavine （ACF） laser dyes in liquid and solid phases have been studied. A cw LD la...Under high-excitation irradiance conditions to induce fluorescence, the dependence of photobleaching of Coumarin 307 （C307） and acriflavine （ACF） laser dyes in liquid and solid phases have been studied. A cw LD laser source of 1 mW and 407 nm wavelength was used as an exciting source. For one hour exposure time, it was found that the solid dye samples suffer photobleaching more than the liquid dye samples. This is because in liquid solutions the dye molecules can circulate during the irradiation, while the photobleaching is a serious problem when the dye is incorporated into solid matrix and cannot circulate.展开更多
A low liveweight gain of of Kacang goats when given grass as single feed indicated that additional feed is required to increase their gowth performance. This study was done to examine the effect of addition of Glirici...A low liveweight gain of of Kacang goats when given grass as single feed indicated that additional feed is required to increase their gowth performance. This study was done to examine the effect of addition of Gliricidia （Gliricidia sepium） leaf or rice bran on feed intake, feed digestibility and liveweight gain of Kacang goat given Mulato （Brachiaria mulato） grass. Twenty four male Kacang goat, approximately 13.4±0.6 kg in initial weight and 10 months of age, were housed in individual metabolic pen and allocated to one of three dietary treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replicates （goats）. The treatments were Mulato grass ad libitum （M）, Mulato ＋ Gliricidia （1% weight/d on dry matter basis） （MG）, and Mulato ＋ rice bran （1% weight/d on dry matter basis） （MR）. The experiment was run for eight weeks period （two weeks for adaptation and and six weeks for measurement period, respectively）. Parameters measured were liveweight gain （LWG）, dry matter intake （DMI） and dry matter digestibility （DMD）. The result showed that dietary treatment significantly （P 〈 0.05） affected the LWG, DMI and DMD of Kacang goat. Goat given Mulato grass had the lowest LWG, DMI and DMD with value 58 g/d, 2.77% weight/d and 57.61%, respectively. Goat received Mulato ＋ Gliricidia and Mulato ＋ rice bran had a significant higher LWG （73 g/d and 76 g/d, respectively）, DMI （3.25% weight/d and 3.65% weight/d, respectively） and DMD （62.28% and 63.19%, respectively）. However, no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between goat received Mulato ＋ Gliricidia and Mulato ＋ rice bran. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that protein or energy contents of the diet influenced growth, feed intake and digestibility of Kacang goat.展开更多
The Heilongjiang Soybean Research Institute not only focuses on improving yield and quality of soybean, but also exploring the development of various high quality soybean byproducts. Currently, the institute uses adva...The Heilongjiang Soybean Research Institute not only focuses on improving yield and quality of soybean, but also exploring the development of various high quality soybean byproducts. Currently, the institute uses advanced extraction technology, the institute also produces new soybean chips and vitamin E from soybean pulp, soybean peptides, phosphatides and oligosaccharides. 120 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 5 chicken in each replicate. The authors studied influence on performance and body quality of broiler chicken by using soybean phosphatides to take the place of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% corn of basal daily grain. Conclusion indicated that rates of broiler chicken weight gain were 2.1%, 4.4% and 8.7%, feed utilization rates raised 3.5%, 5.2% and 8.1%, costs reduced 2.3%, 3.5% and 5.8%, chest muscle rates improved 14.7%, 0.9% and -0.49%, belly fat rates improved 11.06%, 20.28% and 44.75% by using soybean phosphatides to take place of corn in daily grain after 42 days. More recently, the study is also involved in the research on improving the meat quality of chicken by adding extracted soybean peptide and phosphatides into feed. Furthermore, nearly 98% post-consumer waste oil with high acid value can be converted into biodiesel by using an effective supercritical methanol method.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the level of use of fermented kapok seed to substitute 100% soybean meal in native laying hen rations without adverse effect on laying hen production. Two hundred and forty laying hens ag...This study aimed to determine the level of use of fermented kapok seed to substitute 100% soybean meal in native laying hen rations without adverse effect on laying hen production. Two hundred and forty laying hens aged 20 weeks were used in this experiment. The completely randomized design was assigned with six treatments to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of soybean meal with fermented kapok seed with four replications. The variables measured were feed intake, feed conversion and income over feed cost （gross profit）, as well as variables related to egg production （hen day production and egg weight）, thickness of eggshell and yolk color index for quality of eggs. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance （ANOVA）, and if the result shows a marked influence, it will be followed by Duncans test （DMRT）. The results showed that the performance of laying hen had not been affected significantly by substituting soybean meal with fermented kapok seed. Feed intake, feed conversion and egg production is not influenced either. In summary, the use of fermented kapok seed to substitute soybean meal in the ration can be up to 100% in the diet of laying chicken.展开更多
Genista saharae Cosson and Durieu, endemic Saharan Africa, is a spontaneous fabaceae dunes south of M＇sila （Algeria）. Perfectly adapted to arid and sandy soils, this species is a remarkable plant for dune fixation ...Genista saharae Cosson and Durieu, endemic Saharan Africa, is a spontaneous fabaceae dunes south of M＇sila （Algeria）. Perfectly adapted to arid and sandy soils, this species is a remarkable plant for dune fixation and thus fights against desertification. The objective of this study is to provide local species to various development programs of steppe ecological systems in nature and therefore ensure the rehabilitation of these species while considering the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of biological resources steppe. After a field survey and stratified sampling, the methodological approach has taken into account three types of analysis： a biometric analysis of a population of 100 individuals of this species, the second analysis on its biology at last an analysis of an ecological factor dealing with the accuracy governing the distribution of this species in Maiter Oued in the south of M＇sila. The results have clarified the ecology of this species to better understand its biology and to develop statistically a diagnosis on the phenology and morphology of various organs （pods, seeds, leaves） of Genista saharae Cosson and Durieu.展开更多
基金Singapore Kemin Industries Pte Ltd. under the Contract No.200103006
文摘A six-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different enzyme cocktails in cornsoybean-byproduct diets on broiler chickens＇ growth performance and nutrient utilization. A total of 630 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 7 experimental groups with 6 replicates of 15 chicks. The group of chicks serving as the control group were fed a basal diet made of mainly corn and soybean meal, mixed with a little fish meal, rapeseed meal and wheat bran. The other six groups were fed the same basal diet supplemented with each a different enzyme complex at the dosage of 0.75 kg enzyme in 1 t basal diet. At the same time, a metabolic trial was carded out on 42 chicks at the 27 d age. The results showed that the average daily mass gain （ADG） of chicks in the starter phase, age 1 d to 21 d, was improved by all enzyme complex supplements except the cocktail made of 230 IU/g α-amylase, 5.6 klU/g β-glucanase, 5.3 kIU/g cellulase, 15.5 kIU/g protease and 37.5 kIU/g xylanase. The enzyme cocktail made of 1.6 klU/g α-amylase, 80 klU/g protease and 1.6 kIU/g xylanase worked out the most significant difference （P〈0.05）. Enzyme supplementation decreased the feed conversion ratio （FCR） by 2.78% to 3.98% （P〉0.05）, indicating better utilization of nutritients. In the grower phase at the age from 22 d to 42 d, the enzyme cocktail made of 4.0 kIU/g β-glucanase, 3.8 kIU/g cellulase, 17.8 kIU/g protease, 4.5 kIU/g xylanase and 44 IU/g α-glactase, and that made of 240 IU/g α-amylase, 1.4.6 kIU/g β-glucanase, 2.0 kIU/g cellulase, 5.7 klU/g protease, 400 IU/g xylanase, 20 IU/g α- glactase and 200 IU/g phytase imporved chicks＇ ADG and FCR significantly （P〈0.05）. These two cocktails also were shown to improve ADG and FCR in the entire period of broiler age from 1 d to 42 d. Exogenous digesting enzymes such as protease and amylase benefited the growth and nutrition utilization in young broilers in the starter phase but barely in the grower phase, indicating the underdeveloped intestine of young broilers cannot secrete sufficient digestive enzymes, making an exogenous supplement necessary. Application of an enzyme complex supplement to a maize-soybean diet for broiler chickens challenges attention to selecting suitable enzymes and their proper dosages according to basal diet composition and the age of the broilers.
文摘[ Objective] The aim is to produce compound drinks of jujube, medlar and soybean. [Method] Taking jujube, medlar and soybeam as raw material, the technologies to process compound drinks were studied. The key working procedure was determined. Factors that influenced quali-ty of drinks were studied.[ Result] The best formula was： 30% ：30% ：30% of jujube： medlar： soybean. The color fixative of Vc was 0.02%. The ratio of materials and water was 1 ： 5 mg/ml. The addition of stabilizer xanthan was 0.20%. The addition of white crystal sugar was 6%. [ Conclu-slo] The sensual evaluation of the compound juice of jujube, medlar and soybean was good and the quality achieved national standard.
文摘Pork in Taiwan has played an important role in terms of domestic consumption, production and price fluctuation in several decades. This study attempts to investigate the causal relationship between hog and feedstuff prices in Taiwan by using monthly time series over the period of January 2000 to October 2010. Prices from hog, feedstuff, soybean meal and corn are considered and performed through a multivariate vector autoregressive （VAR） model. As the empirical results, the long-run equilibrium is captured identifying price elasticity among the variables using the Johansen cointegration diagnosis. Then, the Granger causality approach shows that bidirectional relationship is detected running from feedstuff to corn and from soybean meal to hog as well as unidirectional relationship running from corn to hog, from feedstuff to hog and from soybean meal to feedstuff. In the conclusions, we point out to raw material prices of feedstuff, namely corn and soybean meal that have an importance to hog price as the cost of meat production. Pig farmers and policy-makers should understand the behavior of price interactions to manage the risks on hog market and to increase the profitability on suitable price.
基金financially supported by the Project of Hangzhou Producing, Study and Researching Cooperation of China (Grant No. 20092632E27)
文摘A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.
文摘To determine the best combinations of organic and mineral fertilizer applications under resource-limited conditions in the Sahel, West Africa, on-farm experiments for two years in the Fakara region of western Niger is conducted. Ten treatments were tested; six of them received one of three organic fertilizers （none, millet husks, or manure）, with or without mineral fertilizer; two grew millet/（dual-purpose） cowpea intercrops with mineral fertilizer in 1：1 or 4：4 row arrangement; one grew a millet/（spreading） cowpea intercrop with manure; and one grew a millet/hibiscus intercrop with millet husks. Manure increased total biomass by 127%- 147% （P 〈 0.001 ） and millet yield by 130%- 184% （P 〈 0.01 ）. Mineral fertilizer increased total biomass by 27% （P 〈 0.01 ） and millet yield by 24% （P 〈 0.05） in 2008. The N balance was greatest and positive in the manure treatment （P 〈 0.001）, followed by millet husks. Mineral fertilizer on the intercropped dual-purpose cowpea increased the agronomic N use efficiency of millet by 329%-483% （P 〈 0.01） compared with manure. The use of small quantities of mineral fertilizer on the intercropped dual-purpose cowpea, therefore, is a best combination for limited N-resources-farmers. Single manure, millet husks plus mineral fertilizer, or year-alternative-application are also recommendable depends on farmers accessibility to the resources.
文摘The aim of the study was to describe the binding of cholic acid by hemicellulose and pectin of yard-long bean at gastrointestinal system （in vitro）, through variation of acidity （pH 3, 5 and 7） and boiling time （raw/0, 5, 20 and 35 minutes） of yard-long bean. Two-way Anova （α= 5%） and functional groups analysis by infrared spectrophotometer were applied for the binding description. The results of the study showed： （1） The highest binding percentage of cholic acid by dietary fiber of yard-long bean at pH 3-raw treatment （76.603%）; （2） Cholic acid binding via C = O/ester or acid of hemicellulose, C-O-C/cyclic ether of pectin, while C = O/ester or acid of oectin through iron.
文摘Under high-excitation irradiance conditions to induce fluorescence, the dependence of photobleaching of Coumarin 307 （C307） and acriflavine （ACF） laser dyes in liquid and solid phases have been studied. A cw LD laser source of 1 mW and 407 nm wavelength was used as an exciting source. For one hour exposure time, it was found that the solid dye samples suffer photobleaching more than the liquid dye samples. This is because in liquid solutions the dye molecules can circulate during the irradiation, while the photobleaching is a serious problem when the dye is incorporated into solid matrix and cannot circulate.
文摘A low liveweight gain of of Kacang goats when given grass as single feed indicated that additional feed is required to increase their gowth performance. This study was done to examine the effect of addition of Gliricidia （Gliricidia sepium） leaf or rice bran on feed intake, feed digestibility and liveweight gain of Kacang goat given Mulato （Brachiaria mulato） grass. Twenty four male Kacang goat, approximately 13.4±0.6 kg in initial weight and 10 months of age, were housed in individual metabolic pen and allocated to one of three dietary treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replicates （goats）. The treatments were Mulato grass ad libitum （M）, Mulato ＋ Gliricidia （1% weight/d on dry matter basis） （MG）, and Mulato ＋ rice bran （1% weight/d on dry matter basis） （MR）. The experiment was run for eight weeks period （two weeks for adaptation and and six weeks for measurement period, respectively）. Parameters measured were liveweight gain （LWG）, dry matter intake （DMI） and dry matter digestibility （DMD）. The result showed that dietary treatment significantly （P 〈 0.05） affected the LWG, DMI and DMD of Kacang goat. Goat given Mulato grass had the lowest LWG, DMI and DMD with value 58 g/d, 2.77% weight/d and 57.61%, respectively. Goat received Mulato ＋ Gliricidia and Mulato ＋ rice bran had a significant higher LWG （73 g/d and 76 g/d, respectively）, DMI （3.25% weight/d and 3.65% weight/d, respectively） and DMD （62.28% and 63.19%, respectively）. However, no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between goat received Mulato ＋ Gliricidia and Mulato ＋ rice bran. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that protein or energy contents of the diet influenced growth, feed intake and digestibility of Kacang goat.
文摘The Heilongjiang Soybean Research Institute not only focuses on improving yield and quality of soybean, but also exploring the development of various high quality soybean byproducts. Currently, the institute uses advanced extraction technology, the institute also produces new soybean chips and vitamin E from soybean pulp, soybean peptides, phosphatides and oligosaccharides. 120 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 5 chicken in each replicate. The authors studied influence on performance and body quality of broiler chicken by using soybean phosphatides to take the place of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% corn of basal daily grain. Conclusion indicated that rates of broiler chicken weight gain were 2.1%, 4.4% and 8.7%, feed utilization rates raised 3.5%, 5.2% and 8.1%, costs reduced 2.3%, 3.5% and 5.8%, chest muscle rates improved 14.7%, 0.9% and -0.49%, belly fat rates improved 11.06%, 20.28% and 44.75% by using soybean phosphatides to take place of corn in daily grain after 42 days. More recently, the study is also involved in the research on improving the meat quality of chicken by adding extracted soybean peptide and phosphatides into feed. Furthermore, nearly 98% post-consumer waste oil with high acid value can be converted into biodiesel by using an effective supercritical methanol method.
文摘This study aimed to determine the level of use of fermented kapok seed to substitute 100% soybean meal in native laying hen rations without adverse effect on laying hen production. Two hundred and forty laying hens aged 20 weeks were used in this experiment. The completely randomized design was assigned with six treatments to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of soybean meal with fermented kapok seed with four replications. The variables measured were feed intake, feed conversion and income over feed cost （gross profit）, as well as variables related to egg production （hen day production and egg weight）, thickness of eggshell and yolk color index for quality of eggs. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance （ANOVA）, and if the result shows a marked influence, it will be followed by Duncans test （DMRT）. The results showed that the performance of laying hen had not been affected significantly by substituting soybean meal with fermented kapok seed. Feed intake, feed conversion and egg production is not influenced either. In summary, the use of fermented kapok seed to substitute soybean meal in the ration can be up to 100% in the diet of laying chicken.
文摘Genista saharae Cosson and Durieu, endemic Saharan Africa, is a spontaneous fabaceae dunes south of M＇sila （Algeria）. Perfectly adapted to arid and sandy soils, this species is a remarkable plant for dune fixation and thus fights against desertification. The objective of this study is to provide local species to various development programs of steppe ecological systems in nature and therefore ensure the rehabilitation of these species while considering the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of biological resources steppe. After a field survey and stratified sampling, the methodological approach has taken into account three types of analysis： a biometric analysis of a population of 100 individuals of this species, the second analysis on its biology at last an analysis of an ecological factor dealing with the accuracy governing the distribution of this species in Maiter Oued in the south of M＇sila. The results have clarified the ecology of this species to better understand its biology and to develop statistically a diagnosis on the phenology and morphology of various organs （pods, seeds, leaves） of Genista saharae Cosson and Durieu.
