断乳仔猪的饲养技术

为提高母猪的利用强度和年生产力,仔猪的早期断乳较为广泛的应用于生产。早期断乳可缩短母猪的繁殖间隔,增加母猪的年产窝数。同时,也可提高饲料的利用率。仔猪的早期断乳可直接利用饲料中的营养,减少了饲料的转化层次,饲料利用率可提高50％～60％。另外母仔的早期分离可防止母猪压死仔猪和减少仔猪的传染疾病和寄生虫病的机会,提高仔猪的哺育率。

Is sentinel lymph node biopsy necessary for the patients diagnosed with breast ductal carcinoma in situ using core needle biopsy or vacuum-assisted biopsy as the initial diagnostic method？

Axillary lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic indicator of survival for breast cancer, especially in ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS）. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） should be performed in patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS. Methods： A retrospective study was performed of 124 patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS between March 2000 and June 2014. The patients were treated with either SLNB or axillary node dissection during the surgery, and we compared the clinicopathologic characteristics, image features, and immunohistochemical results. Results： Eighty-two patients （66.1%） had pure DCIS and 25 （20.2%） had DCIS with microinvasion （DCISM）, 17 （13.7%） updated to invasive breast cancer （IBC）. 115 patients （92.7%） underwent SLNB, among them, 70 patients （56.5%） underwent axillary node dissection. 3 of 115 patients （2.6%） had a positive sentinel lymph node, only 1 （1.4%） of 70 patients had axillary lymph node metastasis, in 84 patients （66.7%） who were diagnosed DCIS by core needle biopsy （CNB） and vacuum-assisted biopsy （VAB）. 26 patients （31.0%） were upstaged into IBC or DCISM in the final histological diagnosis. The statistically significant factors predictive of underestimation were large tumor size, microcalcifications, comedo necrosis, positive Her-2 status, negative estrogen receptor status. Conclusion： The metastasis of sentinel lymph nodes in pure DCIS is very low, but the underestimation of invasive carcinoma in patients with an initial diagnosis of DCIS is an usual incident, especially in the cases when DCIS is diagnosed by CNB or VAB. Our findings suggest patients presenting with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS associated with large tumor sizes, microcalcifications, comedo necrosis, positive Her-2 status, negative ER status are more likely to be DCISM and IBC in final diagnosis. SLNB should be performed in this part of patients.

Diagnosis and Treatment Experience of 14 Cases of Breast Cancer Associated with Pregnancy or Lactation

Objective： To explore the diagnosis and treatment experience of breast cancer associated with pregnancy or lactation. Methods： From January 1990 to December 2005, 14 cases with breast cancer associated with pregnancy or lactation were analyzed retrospectively （TNM stage Ⅱ, 2 cases; stage Ⅲ, 11 cases; stage Ⅳ, 1 case）. Diagnosis was established by fine needle aspiration biopsy primarily or routine pathological method if necessary. Abortion was used for discontinuation of pregnancy in 1 case with early pregnancy and 1 case with meddle pregnancy. 2 patients with late pregnancy received cesarean section, 10patients of breast cancer associated with lactation received multidisciplinary and-tumor treatment after discontinuation of lactation. Results： Diagnosis was confirmed by fine noodle aspiration biopsy in 9 cases and by secondary routine pathological method in the other 5 cases, 12 cases were followed up, 1 case of stage Ⅳ died of metastasis 5 months after diagnosis. 3-, 5-year survival rates in 10 cases of stage Ⅲ were 66% and 30% respectively. One case remained alive without recurrence for 8 years up to now. Conclusion： A thorough breast examination is necessary at the first antenatal visit physicians should aggressively pursue work-up in women with a palpable breast tass. In the patients during the second and third trimness, the various modalities available for treatment inholding abortion and their risks and beneath modalities available for treatment including abortion and their risks and benefits must be discussed openly with patients and their families.

Diagnosis and treatment of prolactinoma:clinical analysis of 124 prolactinomas

Objective： To study the diagnostic and therapeutic features of prolactinoma. Methods： 124 patients with prolactinoma were studied in clinical manifestation, pathologic, endocrinological, radiographic and therapeutic features. Results： The average age of the male patients was 41.6 years, 32.3 years of females. The major clinical manifestation in males were sexual and visual disfunction. In females, disfunction of menstruates and galactorrhea. Average serum prolactin was 1875.22 in males, 376.6 ng/mL in females. Average diameter of the tumors was 38.05 mm in males, and 83.3% of the tumors were invasive, in females were 15.25 mm and 49%. After surgery, the average serum prolactin decreased to 385.84 ng/mL （P〈 0.05）, 13 of 15 patients improved in sexual function, 82.6% patients improved in eyesight and visual field. In females prolactin decreased to 23.93 ng/mL （P 〈 0.05）, and 81.25% infertility with microprolactinoma got pregnancy, higher than controls of drug therapy （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： In males, the tumors were usually larger and more invasive, and serum prolactin levels were higher. The patients were elder. But in females, much younger than males, most of the tumors were microadenoma, and after operation the prolactin usually decrease to normal level and more chance of pregnancy. Results of a single therapy were with less satisfaction, we advocate integrated therapy around operation.

Multifocal intraportal invasion of breast carcinoma diagnosed by laparoscopy-assisted liver biopsy

Hepar lobatum carcinomatosum (HLC) is defined as an acquired hepatic deformity consisting of an irregularly lobulated hepatic contour caused by intravascular infiltration of metastatic carcinoma. To date, only nine cases of HLC have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 68-year-old woman showing hepatic metastasis of breast carcinoma in radiologically unidentified form. Initially, she received left partial mastectomy for breast cancer but solid hepatic metastases were identified in S2 and S6, 9 mo after surgery. Then, they responded to chemotherapy and radiologically disappeared. After radiological disappearance of the liver tumors, the patient's blood chemistry showed abnormal liver function. A CT scan demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement effect in the liver in the late phase,suggesting uneven hepatic blood supply. Hepatic deformity was not obvious. Laparoscopy revealed a slightly deformed liver surface with multiple indentations and shallow linear depressions. Furthermore, a wide scar was observed on the surface of S2 possibly at the site where the metastatic tumor existed before chemotherapy. Liver biopsy from the wide scar lesion showed intraportal tumor thrombi with desmoplastic change. Because of its similarity to the histology of the original breast cancer, we concluded that the hepatic functional abnormalities and slightly deformed liver surface were derived from the circulatory disturbance caused by microscopic tumor thrombi. Besides, since the wide scar was located at the site of the pre-existing tumor,it is probable that chemotherapy was an important cause of fibrous scarring as a result of tumor regression. These morphologic findings are compatible with those of HLC.Laparoscopy-assisted liver biopsy was useful to make definite diagnosis, even though the hepatic deformity was radiologically undetectable.

Clinical utility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of breast tumors

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can provide specific biochemical information within breast lesions and the elevated composite choline concentration as a useful diagnostic tool has been used to distinguish malignant from benign breast lesions, early evaluate response to therapy and predict prognosis. However, several obstacles including poor spatial resolution, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), long acquisition time and the difficulty of "extra" lipid suppression may have a negative impact on the routine application of in vivo 1H MRS for human breast cancer. At present, optimization H MRS methodology for breast studies has been performed.