大樱桃砧木“马哈利CDR-1”在陕北的引种表现

从1994年开始,我们同匈牙利考威尼斯大学园艺学院院长、世界樱桃学院常务理事卡诺利教授合作,引进欧洲大樱桃育苗主要砧木——马哈利CDR-1及勃兰特、吉墨斯、斯坦勒等38个优良大樱桃品种,在陕西三原县秦川大樱桃示范园繁育,并于2004年在陕北高寒地区试验栽植。现将大樱桃砧木马哈利CDR-1在陕北的引种情况总结如下。1安塞县试验点情况试验栽植地之一是陕西延安市安塞县方塔村。园地为西北内陆黄土高原山坡地,

大樱桃优质丰产栽培技术要点

我国大樱桃栽培面积已达2.5万公顷,烟台市已达0.67万公顷,是经济效益最高的作物之一。其丰产栽培技术如下:

棚栽大樱桃

早春利用温室或塑料大棚栽培大樱桃,不仅可使果实提早成熟20～30天,还可避免花期霜冻、采前裂果及鸟食等危害,获得更高地经济效益。棚栽大樱桃的技术措施主要是:

甜樱桃良种简介

我国甜樱桃(又称大樱桃)栽培有百余年历史,主要分布于烟台市的芝罘与福山两区。但由于品种少、产量较低和供应期短,一致满足不了国内外市场的需要。为此,烟台市芝罘区林木良种繁育苗圃由加拿大引入了12个北美甜樱桃的优良品种进行试栽试验,经同行专家、教授进行验收鉴定,其中有5个品种(斯坦勃、拉宾斯、斯巴克、赛米特和先锋)皆优于国内现有的主栽品种——大紫和那翁。

‘艳阳’甜樱桃在大连地区的试栽表现

大连市是我国甜樱桃重点产区,近年来樱桃栽培发展迅速。樱桃品种大多属于自交不育品种,需要搭配授粉树才会有较高的产量和经济效益,有些特殊年份,气候条件对授粉不利,造成坐果率低,减产,影响经济效益。因此,栽种自交可育品种,改变品种结构显得尤为重要。‘艳阳’是陕西省果树研究所樱桃课题组1995年从匈牙利引入的樱桃品种,是‘先锋’和‘斯坦勒’的杂交后代。2010年,大连市农业科学研究院通过西北农林科技大学引入‘艳阳’苗木(砧木为马哈利)100株进行试栽,经过多年调查,该品种综合性状表现良好,丰产、大果、优质,目前在瓦房店、金普新区、旅顺口均有种植,推广面积达到433.3 hm^(2)。

介绍几个国内外大樱桃良种

自1978年以来,我们先后从国内外引进和选出了一批大(甜)樱桃新品种,有些已形成了产量,受到生产者和消费者的欢迎。现将几个大樱桃品种在烟台的栽培表现性状介绍如下,供发展时参考。

樱桃丰产栽培实用技术

1建园1.1品种和砧木选择依据建园目标进行选择,如采摘园要侧重早熟、中熟品种,早熟、中熟、晚熟品种兼顾,拉长采摘期,并注意品种间相互授粉搭配。保护地栽培要选择矮化砧木,常用砧木有:草樱桃、酸樱桃、吉塞拉、马哈利樱桃、兰丁2号等;主要品种有:早红宝石、红灯、美早、早大果、红蜜、红艳、俄罗斯8号、砂蜜豆、布鲁克斯、斯坦勒、雷尼、先锋、黄蜜、早红、抉择、胜利、友谊、拉宾斯等。

The effects of exercise on self-rated sleep among adults with chronic sleep complaints

Purpose： The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether and to what extent the observed effects on self-rated sleep in a previous study using a combined treatment program with physical exercise and sleep education can be attributed by the physical activity （PA） component. Methods： The present study reports supplementary analysis of an already described and published study. Data were provided by a nonclinical sample of 98 normal-active adults with chronic initiating and the maintaining of sleep complaints. The additional analysis included sleep log, exercise log, and daily pedometer data which were collected during a baseline week and 6-week of a combined intervention. Results： The results indicate that the number of steps （p -- 0.02） and the duration of PA （p = 0.01） is significantly related to the improvement in subjective sleep measures and therefore reveal an independent effect within this combined sleep program. Sleep diary data （recuperation of sleep, number of awakenings after sleep onset, and wake time after sleep onset time） improved significant （all p 〈 0.01） over the intervention program. About 50% of the participants stated that the PA had an effect on their improvement. Conclusion： Improvements on subjective sleep quality after a combined intervention cannot be attributed to the cognitive component alone, but PA has an independent effect. Adults with chronic sleep complaints benefit from exercise. Therefore structured PA should be implemented in any sleep management programs.

The Six-Day War and Its Impact on Arab and Israeli Conflict

This article focuses on the Israel-Palestine conflict from the Six Day War perspective. The authors try to make a clarification of the Six Day War impact on Israel and its role in the regional and international scenes on the one hand, and the war＇s effect on the Arab states, including the Palestinian resistance against Israel, on the other hand. The war changed Israel＇s status from being a small state to becoming one of the most powerful regional powers. While the image of most Arab states was damaged and they lost their confidence among their peoples. The Six Day War changed the balance of power in the Middle East and intensified the Cold War following the end of the war. A climate of war was created and the individuals of both bearings, Israel and Arab countries, prepared for a new war.

Yom Kippur War Influence at the PLO Recognition and the Palestinian Problem

On November 1973, about one month after the cease-fire at the end of the Yom Kippur War, the Arab League decided that the Palestine Liberation Organization （PLO） was the sole representative of the Palestinian people. This article examines the contribution of the PLO to the war effort of the Arab countries during the Yom Kippur War, the influence of the war upon the Palestinian problem, the Palestinian military contribution to the Arab war effort, Jordan＇s non-participation in the Yom Kippur War and the Egyptian attempt to include the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people in future negotiations with Israel and the U.S. which enabled the PLO recognition as the Palestinians sole representative for 30 years.

Assessment of Climate Change Variability Impacts on Wheat and Barley Production in Palestine

The study aimed at addressing climate variability impacts on wheat and barley production in Palestine. A combination of literature survey and multiple semi-structured interviews with officials from the Palestinian governmental agriculture related agencies and active non-governmental organizations （NGOs） used for gathering information on wheat and barley production in Palestine. The gathered data along with information and subsequent results prevailed that the West Bank since the 1970s has experienced a significant decrease in winter rainfall. Across 15 sites, growing season rainfall （September to May） decreased by an average of 11% and the sum of rainfall in September and October decreased by 45%. Despite the large decline in rainfall, yields based on the actual weather data did not fall. These results were due to the rainfall changes mainly occurring in September and October, a period when rainfall often is less than crop demand. The study arrived at conclusion based on the study results that climate change variabilities have differential impacts on the yield growth of wheat and barley. However, both rainfed dependent crops are adversely affected by the current climate trends. The yields of barley and wheat are decreasing due to increased temperature and decreased precipitation.

When Violence on Stage Becomes Real： My Name Is Rachel Corrie

＂Verbatim＂ is a kind of documentary theatre in which drama is made from the precise words spoken by people in evidence, witnessing or remembering. Raising political issues and controversial topics, My Name Is Rachel Corrie （2005） is not just a moving play about violence in the Palestinian conflict. It is the real story of the murder of an American activist＇s fighting to denounce the genocide of innocent people. The problems of censorship that the play suffered in his premiere in New York remark the voice of a controversial play in Broadway＇s world. This paper will examine the images of violence present in the play and the value of the speaker as a real witness

Influence of Metrological Factors Variations between Eastern and Western Foothills on Olive Oil Quality： A Case Study in Northern West Bank

This Study investigated the effect of metrological factors variations between eastern and western foothills on olive oil quality in northern West Bank. Samples were collected from two villages： Assera A1 Shamalia （locates on Western foothills） and Bet Dagan （Locates on Eastern foothills）. Differences in metrological factors and harvesting times between the two villages cause differences in olive oil quality and higher content of stigmastadiene in Bet Dagan than Assera olive oil. The higher monthly averages of minimum and maximum temperatures of Bet Dagan cause the increase of Stigmastadiene content of olive oil. While the higher amount of precipitation in Assera; cause higher quality and quantity of produced olive oil in Assera compared to Bet Dagan. The lower relative humidity and longer day hours; in Assera village enhances higher amounts of olive oil accumulation and better quality as this is the favorable conditions for olive oil formation. The compression between Cuba, Crete, Spain and Italy olive oil quality with Palestinian olive oil quality, we found that Palestinian olive oil shows good competition quality parameters for acidity and peroxide values according to the international olive oil council limits compared with these countries olive oil acidity and peroxide values.

A List of Important Honeybee Nectariferous and Polleniferous Plant Species in the West Bank Governorates, Palestine

The main goal of this study is to provide information about the foraging value of a number of specific plant species for honeybees in Palestine, since one of the limiting factors of Palestine＇s apiculture industry is the unpredicted seasonality in the blooming phenology of nectariferous and polleniferous plant species. This limiting factor can be overcome by increasing and diversifying the population of bee forage plant species throughout man made plantations. In this survey, a combination of literature and field surveys were used in order to identify and compile a list of plant species, which are of importance for fulfilling the honeybee＇s needs of nectar and pollen. The study was conducted through bi-weekly visit to a numbers of randomly selected sites located in some nature reserves and agricultural fields, within the West Bank Governorates. A total of 143 nectariferous and polleniferous plant species, belonging to 37 families, were identified through direct observation of foraging bees, and/or through literature survey. The dominant families are Compositae with 27 （18.8%） belonging species, followed by Lamiaceae family with 24 （16.7%） belonging species, then followed by Boraginaceae family with 8 （5.5%） belonging species and then followed by other families. The identified plant species was grouped into pollen, nectar and both pollen and nectar sources plant species. The polleniferous plant species group counted 17 which is equivalent to 11.8%; the nectariferous plant species group counted 29 which is equivalent to 20.2%; and the third groups of plant species that have been visited by bees for collecting both pollen and nectar counted 97, which is equivalent to 68%. The chronologies of the blooming plant species were also recorded. It was concluded that any of the studied locations can be profitably utilized for commercial and or large scale beekeeping, if the important limiting factor can be overcome by increasing and diversifying the population of bee forage plant species throughout man made plantations. The paper provides information on the wild and cultivated nectariferous and polleniferous plants that are important for the bees in the West Bank Governorates, Palestine.

Israel's Image in US and Chinese Media:Discrepancies and Causes

Israel's image is positive in Chinese media, which focuses on China-Israel cooperation and Israel's economy, history culture, science and technology. The image is of a culture-rich nation with a tough ethnic nature and powerful science and technology facets. In US media, Israel's image is negative, with the focus on political polarization, social and racial fragmentation, conflict with Palestine, and deterioration in foreign relations. Chinese and US media have totally opposite directions in topic focus and value identification.

Social Background and Elite Composition： Jewish Political Elite During the British Mandate

This article, which utilizes the quantitative social-background approach, sets as its objective to empirically discern correlations between the behavior of the Jewish political elite, embodied in the Jewish Agency for Palestine in the period from 1921 to 1948, and the following social-background variables： age, foreign travel, occupation as a path to political power, regional affiliation, ideology, and political opportunity, of the JAE membership. Diversity of the social-background variables and, particularly, the multitude of languages they knew, explain, to a considerable extent, firstly, the wide variety of their social, political and economic views, and, secondly, the elite＇s resort to direct contact with Western governments and peoples in communicating and promoting their political ideology, thus facilitating the realization of the Zionist project.

Border Shifting in Naomi Nye＇s Habibi

This paper investigates how the novel Habibi （1997） by the Arab-American writer Naomi Nye addresses the theme of border shifting from a postmodernist perspective that deconstructs the traditional view of borders meant to maintain exclusion and hegemony and instead considers them as being often flimsy, malleable, and changeable. Drawing upon her experience as a multifarious Arab-American writer whose father was a Palestinian immigrant and whose mother was an American, Nye tries to build bridges across political, national, cultural, and ethnic boundaries. Through a love story between the two protagonists （Liyana, whose father is a Palestinian-American and whose mother is American and Omer, whose parents are Jewish Israelis）, Nye endeavors to bring about a sense of harmony and understanding between the politically, ethnically, culturally, and racially separated J home whether in reality ews and Palestinians. At the end, Liyana＇s family realizes they can have more than one or in imagination.

Level of Independence in Georgia Throughout the 14th Century

In 1329-1334, George the Brilliant took advantage of the situation created in the llkhanate, eliminated his political opponents and restored the territorial integrity of Georgia. He created a solid legal basis for the country and regulated the ecclesiastic area. He was in West Georgia in 1329-1332/1333. The llkhanid coin was not minted in Georgia during that period; yet, soon the king of Georgia, which had already been united by that time, restored relations with llkhanids and returned to Tbilisi, which implied making the already united Georgia subject to Mongols. Ilkhanid coins and later, coins of Chobanids, the Golden Horde and Jalayirids circulated during the reign of George the Brdhant. In 1338-1339 George the Brilliant conquered Ossetia and Ilkhanid coins were disseminated on the territory of the Golden Horde after that. Formally, Georgia remained under the control of Ilkhanids, which was replaced by Chobanids in 1338 and the governors of the Golden Horde in 757/1356; and in parallel and afterwards by Jalayirids, which is evidenced by written sources as well as numismatic data; Despite formal dependence on the foreign power, which is evidenced by the deployment of 10,000 troops at the border of Georgia as well, the country enjoyed a rather wide internal autonomy. Participation of George the Brilliant in sending envoys for the purpose of the redemption of the Jvari （Cross） Monastery in Palestine in 1316/7, 1320 cannot be assumed. It seems that in those years envoys were sent by Constantine, the king of West Georgia. All the above do not diminish the merits of George V to the Georgian nation and his historic role in terms of the political unification of the country, the creation of a legal basis for it and the regulation of ecclesiastic affairs--the accomplishments of the king, who deservedly bears the name ＂the Brilliant＂.

Seasonal and Spatial Variation in the Monitoring Parameters of Zomar Stream, Palestine during 2010

Levels of pollutants at Zomar stream, the only recreational area for the inhabitants of the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine, were recently determined, and have shown to be relatively high. Three bathing sites along the Zomar stream area were monitored for one year （fortnightly）. Wastewater samples were subjected to microbiological analysis （fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Klebsiella）, physico-chemical analyses （water temperature, pH, electroconductivity and DO （dissolved oxygen））, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia. The study results demonstrated seasonal and locational variations in all parameters studied. The highest levels of pollution were detected during summer, especially before a rainfall or after a discharge from onsite cesspits. Locations associated with sewage discharge were found to have the highest fecal indicator levels.

Tensiometer as an Irrigation Management Tool and Its Effect on Water Use and Yield of Open Field Grown Cucumber

Water is scarce in Palestine and water saving is becoming very important issue. Water management is one of the promising solutions to save water. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of two types of irrigation regimes on water consumption, yield and growth parameters of cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） under open field conditions. Cucumbers were grown on a silty-clay soil in Palestinian local conditions. The irrigation regimes used were farmer based irrigation （FI） and tensiometer based irrigation （TI）. The results showed that there were no significant difference in crop yield between FI （3.5 kg/plant） and TI （3.4 kg/plant）. Dry matter was 14.7% less in TI treatment than that in FI treatment, while water saving was 35.7% in TI treatment. Thus, proper use of tensiometer could be utilized for a better use and management of water resource. Selection of proper water potential set-points according to the cultivation season is crucial for satisfactory results.