新产品实现商品化的有效举措──浅议新产品试产计划的实施

新产品实现商品化的有效举措──浅议新产品试产计划的实施樊文彬，郭树峰新产品试产计划是由国家经委牵头，会同国家税务局、物价局、工商银行等综合经济部门共同编制的一本计划。这本计划的编制和实施，适应社会主义市场经济的需要，从根本上克服了过去新产品试制计划只...

提高企业效益的几点思考

本文就企业在激烈的市场竞争条件下，如何保持效益递增，实现可持续发展的长远目标，阐述以下几点想法。

中药保健再生纤维素纤维的开发及应用

为开发中药保健纤维素纤维,结合中药提取物技术,研究中药保健再生纤维素纤维的制备技术,介绍其工艺流程和生产工艺特点。重点对该类纤维的形态结构、物理机械性能、抗菌性能及纤维性能特点进行分析,同时,对中药保健再生纤维素纤维的开发应用领域进行分析,并提出该类产品制备技术的两大发展趋势,包括微胶囊化技术和吸附材料微粒化技术,为中药保健再生纤维素纤维的开发和生产提供参考。

Managing Innovation in the Sports Equipment Industry： Upstream Process Management

The point under study is the first of such a nature. This paper investigates the management of innovation adopted by the European leader in sports equipment： Decathlon （Oxylane Group）. In recent years, vertical integration push and innovation have secured the company＇s leadership and success in a number of sports markets throughout Europe. It now has 909 stores located globally. Oxylane Group designs, manufactures, and sells sports products for sports people worldwide. It offers fitness, dance, gymnastics, and combat sports products; bicycles, equipment, and accessories; team sports products; nautical and water sports products （surf sports, diving, sailing, and kayaking products）; swimming products; mountain sports products （for hiking, mountain trailing, camping, skiing, and snow shoe hiking）; skiing and snowboarding products （for snowboarders and skiers）; and climbing and mountaineering products. The company is now a direct challenger for world sports leaders. Since the end of the 1990＇s, Decathlon different sports brands have not taken a unique and rational path to success. The company has built insights about its customers, identified and evaluated unique market opportunities, and prepared a bold game plan to seize them. By doing so, Decathlon has developed a stream of winning products. The process of new business creation generally splits into two parts： an upstream process （sensing and creating opportunities） and a downstream process （converting the selected opportunities into successful products）. Most businesses have a formal process implemented to manage the downstream part. Few that people know of have set up an equivalent process like Oxylane and Decathlon to sense and create new opportunities in the sports equipment industry. The aim of the paper is to examine how the brand has developed two of its successful product： the tent two seconds and the wetsuit ＂Inergy＂. These two products are chosen as examples to understand how the upstream process articulate with the downstream one.

Erythropoietin： From a Biosimilar to Innovative Products Protected by Industrial Property Assets

Aim： EPO （erythropoietin） is a hormone that stimulates the erythropoiesis and is mainly produced by the kidneys. In the early 1990s among the emerging biotech drugs, the recombinant human EPO （rhEPO） was the best-selling product worldwide, reaching nearly three billion dollars annually. The CIM （center of molecular immunology） produced and sold the rhEPO as commercial strategy to recover the investment made in its new facilities. This work summarizes the inventions that protect the innovative products developed by three Cuban institutions, starting from rhEPO, and the industrial property strategy followed by them. Methods： The information was obtained from the United States Patent, Trademark Office （USPTO） database, Patentscope, Espacenet, patent databases of Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Drug Development （CIDEM） and Cuban Industrial Property Office. Conclusions： The manufacturing process of CIM＇s EPO has its own patent family. From a manufacturing by product an innovative formulation protected by patent was obtained. There is a patent family around the nasal formulation and it continues enlarging. From a biosimilar pharmaceutical innovative products impacting on human health have been obtained.

Evolution of China's Import Structure from 2000 to 2014

This paper creates a new analytical framework for analyzing the international trade structure, estimates the changes in China＇s import structure, and conducts a comparative analysis with 18 countries. This paper＇s findings are as follows： （1） Between 2000 and 2014, China＇s import structure underwent fundamental changes, with a significant rise in the share of non-agricultural primary commodities and high-tech products in China＇s total imports. The overall technology level in China＇s imports decreased at first before keeping on the rise since 2007. （2） High-tech products always represent the highest share of around 20% in the world import market. However, the share of high-tech products in China＇s imports did not meet the worm average level until 2012. （3） Developing countries account for less than 25% of China＇s imports except for agricultural primary commodities. Developed countries have always accounted for more than 50% of China＇s total imports of medium-high-tech, high-tech and ultra-high-tech products.

Innovative Business Modelsinthe Morden Media Industry

In the modem media industry, in addition to the traditional business model of proprietary products selling, there are a number of new business models that involve free distribution of whole products, or some parts of the products. The advantage of the open business model is in the value creation by a large community of developers, whereas the proprietary business model means a simpler form of value capture. However, open and closed business models can not exist in pure form： the proprietary model does not give enough space for innovation, while the open model gives insufficient opportunities for generating profit. An investigation of the problem of optimal business model choice at the monopolistic market indicates that the fully closed business model is less efficient than the model with the closed core and open extensions; it is profitable for any firm to open all of those ideas and technologies that can not be used without the base module; the completely open business model is optimal if and only if a substantial part of the consumer value is determined by additional services or innovative activity of the users.

China’s Imports Technology Structure and Its Relationship with Trade Partners:1995-2011

This paper uses the latest data to analyze the historical patterns and the current situation of the technology structure of China＇ commodities imports, the structure of China＇s commodities imports from 19 countries and regions, and China＇s interdependent relationship with its trade partners on the basis of studying 230 kinds of manufactured products categorized by their technological intensity. The results show that during the period of 1995-2011, the share of low technology （low-tech） products and medium technology （medium-tech） products declined,＂ the share of primary products, resource- based products, and high technology （high-tech） products increased; high-tech products had taken the largest share, bypassing low-tech and medium-tech products, as early as 2000; different types of countries exported different kinds of commodities to China and had different positions in China＇s imports; China had relatively high interdependent relations with Japan, South Korea and China＇s Taiwan; China had relatively low interdependent relations with the United States, Germany, France and the Netherlands; China＇s import dependence on major developing countries and emerging developing countries was less than these countries＇ export dependence on China; China was the leading export destination for major developing countries and emerging developing countries. Generally speaking, the development of China＇s import trade is inclusive, and China shares its growth with other countries. It not only promotes developing countries＇exports but also enhances developed countries＇ exports.

兰溪 落实科学发展观 纺织业转型升级逆势走强

2012年以来,兰溪市纺织业逆势走强,实现了销售收入、税收、利润三个同步增长。兰溪纺织业5年时间,经济总量增加4倍,从2006年的不足50亿元到2011年突破200亿元,占全市经济总量的三分之一强,成为拉动兰溪工业经济增长的"主引擎"。纺织业销售额连续5年保持25%以上的高增长率,正是兰溪市委、市政府落实科学发展,转型升级在纺织行业中得到的成功印证。