2023年南极海冰范围新低事件及其气候意义

南极海冰曾长期维持弱增长趋势,但近年来快速减少.紧随2022年新低之后,2023年2月南极海冰范围(SIE)又创下新低纪录178.8万km~2,有观测以来南极SIE首次未经恢复就直接在第二年连续新低,具有重要的气候指示意义.研究显示,SIE初始基数小、大气海洋温度偏高、吸收净太阳辐射异常偏多和来自中纬度的暖平流异常、前春南极涛动和阿蒙森海低压维持异常偏强等是本次海冰新低事件的直接原因,相比于2022年,2023年新低时海冰在东南威德尔海等地进一步减少,而在西北威德尔海等地有所增加,这可能与大气环流在前后两年2月间大气环流的区域变化有关.进一步研究发现,南极海冰和海洋大气温度在过去几十年都经历了趋势变化,其中夏季气温和夏季SIE最小值的趋势转变最早也最显著,近期南极SIE的连续新低和环南极净太阳辐射通量新高等现象可能预示了南极海冰长期趋势转折的确立,后者对于未来南极和全球气候具有关键性影响.

基于SST视角下的科技创新低碳化与生态文明建设

党的十八大报告把生态文明建设作为一个独立的内容成篇集中论述,强调要把生态文明建设放在突出地位,要纳入社会主义现代化建设总体布局。生态文明建设需要低碳化的科技创新来支撑,科技创新低碳化内含着生态文明的要求,体现了生态文明的价值取向。科技创新低碳化与生态文明建设不但在实践方面是互为支持的,而且在理论方面也有耦合关系。SST理论为科技创新低碳化及生态文明社会的建设提供了方法论,运用该理论分析我国生态文明建设和科技创新低碳化过程中的社会制约因素,并且提出相应的解决对策。

创新低碳生活 爱普生力争成为不可或缺的公司

4月21日，2017爱普生创新大会在美丽的海滨城市青岛隆重举行。本次创新大会，爱普生以绿色科技创新为主题，面向中国顾客发布并展示了其在喷墨领域、视觉领域、可穿戴领域、机器人领域的120余款创新产品及50多个解决方案，全面覆盖办公、行业以及家庭应用，构建生活和办公新生态系统，获得了与会者的高度关注。精工爱普生公司总裁碓井稔先生、爱普生（中国）有限公司总经理安藤宗德先生出席了本次会议。

2015年塑膜市场供需分析:价格“刷”新低 企业运营艰难

2015年对于塑膜市场来说是不寻常的一年,年内各产品价格(BOPP、CPP、BOPET及胶带母卷)刷新历史新低,行业产能扩增脚步放缓,生产企业利润缩水严重,企业运营艰难成常态。本年报将带领大家一起回顾2015年塑膜产品行情走势,并简析年内生产企业运营状态,了解塑膜产品行业供需现状,最后对2016年各产品行情进行展望。

沿海煤炭运价持续下跌 创近三年新低

记者从秦皇岛煤炭网了解到,沿海煤炭运价连续下跌近3月,创该指数发布3年以来的最低值。分析认为,煤炭海运费的持续下跌,表明当前沿海地区煤炭市场仍处低迷状态,煤价将继续走弱。海运煤炭运价综合指数由3月21日的1,098.74点下跌至5月30日的656.97点,跌幅达40.21%。

Causes of the record-low Antarctic sea-ice in austral summer 2022

2022年夏季(2021年12月至2022年2月)南极海冰面积达到历史新低,西南极减少最显著.2021年8~10月南半球环状模接近历史最强和7~9月海洋性大陆附近海温显著增暖是两个关键因素.由于平流层臭氧破纪录减少使得前者维持历史最强或接近最强,导致阿蒙森低压(ASL)加深并向西南移动,有利于海冰减少.后者持续到夏季,有利于拉尼娜的发展,通过激发罗斯贝波列加深ASL.在热力上,臭氧减少导致向下净短波辐射增加,引起西南极增暖.此外,净短波辐射-海温-云形成正反馈,与埃克曼输送一起,放大表面增暖,从而促进海冰融化.

超导重力仪背景噪声水平分析

基于拉萨超导重力仪（SG）4a的连续观测数据计算其在地震频段（200-600s）的背景噪声水平,并研究气压、采样率等对功率谱密度（PSD）的影响。分析比较全球地球动力学计划（GGP）公布的2013年全球SG在地震频段和亚地震频段的背景噪声水平,结果发现：1）在频率低于10-3 Hz时,潮汐和气压改正可以很好地改进重力PSD;2）在频率低于0.5×10-3 Hz时,超导重力仪的噪声水平明显优于地震仪,表明SG更适合研究长周期地震和亚地震模;3）全球SG地震频段噪声水平的范围为0.180~1.964,亚地震频段噪声水平的范围为1.860-3.853。

Genetic Improvement Progress and Productive Effect of Rapeseed in Henan Province

The research progress and major achievements on genetic breeding, het- erosis utilization of rapeseed in Henan Province were summarized, with the aim to provide technical guidance for rapeseed genetic breeding in the future work. Faced with the problems of lack of special varieties, highly demand for healthy oil and high production cost in rapeseed production in recent years, the breeding goals of rapeseed have been adjusted from high yield, high quality and disease resistance to high oil, high oleic acid, adaptative to mechanization, late planting resistance. The breeding technologies mainly focused on the isolated microspore culture, molecular marker assisted selection, and the corresponding high efficiency technical systems were constructed. The innovative research on excellent germplasm resources were carried on, which created and established breeding populations and distinctive new germplasm resources with diverse variations such as high oil content, high oleic acid content and low linolenic acid, cold resistance, drought resistance, pod shatter resistance and different flower color variations. A series of rapeseed hybrids of dou- ble low varieties with strong heterosis and high oil contents were released and these hybrids significantly improved seed yield, quality and resistance. The average yield of rapeseed in Henan Province was 22.49% higher than the national average yield in 2003-2015. All of the achievements provided strong technical support for the upgrading of rapeseed varieties and increasing both production and income.

逆市中也有机遇

今年第一季度,我国GDP增长了6.7%。创下了2009年第一季度以来的新低。在1、2月份经济运行情况并不理想的情况下,得益于3月份经济数据的反弹拉升了第一季度的经济数据。2016年前,专用汽车的产销量连续两年出现了下滑。2015年中央经济工作会议决定全面实施供给侧结构改革后,大家对于2016年的专用汽车市场也并不看好。在市场相对低迷的时候,我们不仅仅要学会反思、总结,还需要学会如何在逆市中寻找机遇。

Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Promotes Vascular Endothelial Cell Proliferation via VEGF/VEGF Receptor

Aim To study the proliferative effeet of hydroxysaftlor yellow A （HSYA） on cultured canine aortic endothelial cell （VEC） in normoxic （21% O2 ） or hypoxic （10% O2 ） culture and the underlying mechanism. Methods The endothelial cells were scratched from trypsined canine aorta endothelium. HSYA was added to the cells at final concentrations of 1 × 10^-3, 1 × 10^-4 and 1 × 10^-5 mol· L^-1, respectively. VEGF （2.6 × 10^-7 mol· L^-1 ）-treated cells were used as the positive control. The proliferative effect of HSYA on VEC was determined at 48, 72, 96, and 120 h in normoxic culture by MTI＂ assay. Similarly, the proliferation of VEC was determined at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in hypoxic culture by MTF assay. The effects of HSYA on VEC proliferation and VEGF secretion were investigated by MTr and ELISA assays at the presence of the antibodies to VEGF and VEGF receptors. Results Pretreatment with HSYA at concentrations of 1 × 10^-3 and 1 × 10^-4 mol· L^-1 enhanced VEC proliferation in normoxic culture. The most significant enhancing effect of HSYA on VEC proliferation was achieved at 24, 48, and 72 h in hypoxic culture in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. HSYA at 1 × 10^-3 mol·L^-1 showed a potency similar to VEGF at 2.6 × 10^-7 mol·L^-1 . Pretreatment with the antibodies of Flt-1, KDR or VEGF blocked the proliferative effect of HSYA with similar potencies. Antibodies of Fit-1 or VEGF antagonized the promoting effect of HSYA on VEGF secretion. Conclusion HSYA promotes VEC proliferation either in normoxic or hypoxic culture, especially in the latter condition. This effect of HSYA is at least partly mediated by VEGF and VEGF receptor.

Mechanical performance of the mixed post-installed connection in low-strength concrete

Due to inadequate bearing capacity of the chemically-planted steel bar in low-strength concrete, a new mixed post-installed connection is proposed using small diameter anchoring steel bars and grouting materials together to anchor the main steel bar. To investigate the feasibility of the proposed post-installed connections, a series of pull-out tests with different anchors were conducted for comparison,including fully adhesive anchors, partially adhesive anchors,grouting material anchoring connection and the new mixed post-installed connection. The experimental results of the single steel bar pull-out test show that the mixed post-installed connection can effectively enhance the bearing capacity of post-installed steel bars in low-strength concrete. The bearing capacity is increased by nearly two times with no cone-type concrete failure compared with the fully adhesive anchor. The results show that adopting the new mixed post-installed connection can ensure that joint performance meets the requirements if the space dimension is available.

Innovation and Outlook of the New Generation of Cryogenic and Quick-Launch Launch Vehicle

This paper introduces a launch vehicle scheme for the new generation of cryogenic and quick-launch launch vehicle(LM-6). The main technical innovations of LM-6 launch vehicle include the capability of twenty satellites launched by one vehicle, high-pressure staged combustion cycle engine and oxygen tank self-pressurization, sandwich bulkhead tank with 200 K temperature difference, and 7-day quick-launch using the "three horizontals" test and launch mode with integral transportation and erection. The future development of the quick-launch launch vehicle is predicted based upon the need for vehicle mission coverage improvement, better response speed, and stronger market competiveness.

Design of Low Carbon and Energy-saving New Rural Residential Buildings in Western Parts of Heilongjiang Province

It is researched that rural residential buildings in Heilongjieng consume high energy and the living environment is poor. The research aimed at designing low-carbon and energy-saving buildings in order to reduce energy consumption by applying energy storage. Besides, the research used composite solar panel, waste- based inorganic foam materials, and polystyrene board as construction materials and integrated energy collection, living environment and farming by energy storage system. It is notable that the research would reduce pollution on environment caused by residential buildings, which coincides with national economy development and en- ergy strategy, promoting construction material industry development, with high social and economic benefits.

Research on China＇s financial development mode on low- carbon econom7 background

With China＇s rapid economic development, environmental issues and social development issues become increasingly prominent, global warming, fog and haze, urban environmental pollution is becoming a major obstacle to China＇s sustainable development. In this context, the development of low-carbon economy has become the focus of urban construction and economic development. Carbon finance, as a product of low-carbon economy in the context of financial innovation, combines the low-carbon industries and economic development together, and has significant effects on low-carbon economy development and low-carbon urban construction. To build financial support system under the low-carbon economy circumstance, to develop carbon finance, is the necessary way China has to go through to develop a low-carbon economy, and also is the inevitable reouirement to achieve sustainable economic development.

Analysis of Metastatic-Related Gene Expression in Gastric Cancer by Low-Density cDNA Microarrays

OBJECTIVE To screen metastatic-related genes in human gastric cancer by a low-density cDNA microarray technique. METHODS A total of 18 paired gastric cancer and adjacent normal mu-cosa were examined by a low-density cDNA microarray containing 23 genes. RT-PCR was used for further verification. RESULTS The mRNA expression of MMP -7, heparanase, S100A4, hTERT, hRad17 in gastric cancers was higher than that in coupled normal mucosa (P=0.002, 0.00011, 0.000072, 0.002, 0.00016 respectively), whereas nm23H1, and CDH1 were lower (P=0.003, 0.012 respectively). The concordance was verified further by RT-PCR with a correlation coefficient of 0.774. In gastric primary lesions the mRNA expression of MMP-7, heparanase and S100A4 was higher in the serosa involved compared to non-involved (P=0.003, 0.009, 0.012 respectively), whereas nm23H1, CDH1, KAI1 were lower (P=0.001, 0.001, 0.006 respectively). With respect to the area of serosa involvement, MMP-7 and heparanase expressions were higher in an area of more than 20 cm2 compared to an area of less than 20 cm2 (P=0.001, 0.02 respectively), whereas nm23H1, CDH1 and KAI1 were lower (P=0.030, 0.041, 0.031 respectively). MMP-7 and hTERT expressions were higher in the heavier lymph node metastatic cases (no less than 7) than in the lighter lymph node metastatic cases (no more than 6, P=0.001, 0.005 respectively). CONCLUSION Expression of MMP -7, S100A4, heparanase, hTERT, KAI1, CDH1 and nm23H1 correlated closely with invasion and metastasis in gastric carcinomas. The low-density cDNA microarrays can be used to examine the expression of many genes simultaneously, parallely and quickly.

Effects of Graded Hypothermia on Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Damage in the Neonatal Rat

Objective To investigate the effect of graded hypothermia on neuropathologic alterations of neonatal rat brain after exposed to hypoxic-ischemic insult at 37℃, 33℃, 31℃, and 28℃, respectively, and to observe the effect of hypothermia on 72-kDa heat shock protein （HSP72） expression after hypoxic-ischemic insult. Methods Seven days old Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to hypoxia in 8% oxygen for 2 hours at 37℃, 33℃, 31℃, and 28℃, respectively. The brain temperature was monitored indirectly by inserting a mini-thermocouple probe into the temporal muscle during hypoxia. After hypoxia-ischemia their mortality was assessed. Neuronal damage was assessed with HE staining 72 hours after hypoxia. HSP72 expression at 0.5, 24, and 72 hours of recovery was immunohistochemically assessed using a monoclonal antibody to HSP72. Results Hypoxia-ischemia caused 10.5% （2 / 19） of mortality in rat of 37℃ group, but no death oc- curred in 33℃, 31℃ or 28℃ groups. HE staining showed neuropathologic damage was extensive in rats exposed to hypoxia-ischemia at 37℃ （more than 80.0%）. The incidence of severe brain damage was significantly decreased in 33℃ （53.3%） and 31℃ groups （44,4%）, and no histologic injury was seen in the 28℃ group of rats. Expression of HSP72 was manifest and persistent in the rat brain of 37℃ group, but minimum in the rat brain of 28℃ group. Conclusion Mild and moderate hypothermia might prevent cerebral visible neuropathologic damage associated with hypoxic-ischemic injury by decreasing stress response.

Recent Climate Trends on the Northern Slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen＇s tests are employed to analyze the interannual changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitatiofi in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude, but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.

Discussion on the Construction of low-carbon electricity technology innovation system

With the issue of climate change increasingly restricting the sustainable development of society, people must realize that we must control atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a certain level. However, the traditional model of economic development will lead to human demand for energy continuing to grow, followed by a growth in emissions of carbon dioxide. Obviously we must ensure that there is rapid economic development, but also to protect the human living environment, which is a very sharp contradiction. A good solution to this conflict is to take a new model of development --- a low-carbon economy. The so-called low-carbon economy refers to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the application of new technologies, new materials and new practices, etc., through improvements, optimization or innovative production and business activities, to achieve the maximum degree of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the formation of a new economic development model, the goal is to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable human development. On how to develop a low-carbon economy, domestic and foreign scholars have been studied from many angles, one of which is a consensus to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the development and use of low-carbon technologies.

Interaction between Standardization and Low-Carbon Economic Development

Low-Carbon economy is the main direction of China＇s sustainable development in the future, in which technical innovation is the key. Standardization and low-carbon economy interact with each other and develop together in the principle of continuous improvement and spiral progress. They embed the social development system in a flexible mode of technical penetration, and become the important links in the industrialization chain of technical innovation. Standardization promotes the low-carbon economic development in seven aspects including ＂systematic coordination and overall promotion＂, ＂technical accumulation and innovative diffusion＂, ＂quality improvement and waste reduction＂, ＂continuous improvement and spiral progress＂, ＂barrier elimination and cooperation enhancement＂, ＂technical support for market mechanism＂ and ＂local standards and regional emission reduction＂, etc. This paper is a periodical research achievement of Two-oriented Society.