Single atom doping induced charge-specific distribution of Cu1-TiO_(2) for selective aniline oxidation via a new mechanism

Utilizing single atom sites doping into metal oxides to modulate their intrinsic active sites,achieving precise selectivity control in complex organic reactions,is a highly desirable yet challenging endeavor.Meanwhile,identifying the active site also represents a significant obstacle,primarily due to the intricate electronic environment of single atom site doped metal oxide.Herein,a single atom Cu doped TiO_(2)catalyst(Cu_(1)-TiO_(2)) is prepared via a simple“colloid-acid treatment”strategy,which switches aniline oxidation selectivity of TiO_(2) from azoxybenzene to nitrosobenzene,without using additives or changing solvent,while other metal or nonmetal doped TiO_(2) did not possess.Comprehensive mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations unveil that Ti-O active site is responsible for triggering the aniline to form a new PhNOH intermediate,two PhNOH condense to azoxybenzene over TiO_(2) catalyst.As for Cu_(1)-TiO_(2),the charge-specific distribution between the isolated Cu and TiO_(2) generates unique Cu_(1)-O-Ti hybridization structure with nine catalytic active sites,eight of them make PhNOH take place spontaneous dissociation to produce nitrosobenzene.This work not only unveils a new mechanistic pathway featuring the PhNOH intermediate in aniline oxidation for the first time but also presents a novel approach for constructing single-atom doped metal oxides and exploring their intricate active sites.

金属铅中氧的测定

本文对金属铅及其氧化物在石墨炉内的反应情况进行试验和分析的基础上，得到了测定金属铅中氧的最佳温度为１６００±５０℃的结论。

Triterpenoid Saponins from Eclipta prostrata L.

Five triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the Chinese traditional medicine Eclipta prostrata L.. On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data, they were identified as eclalbasaponins II(1), I(2), III(3), 3-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl(12)-b-D-glucopyranosyl]-16a-ethoxy-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid-28-O-b-D-glu-copyranoside(4) and 3-O-[(2-O-sulfuryl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)(12)-b-D-glucopyranosyl]-echinocystic acid-28-O-b-D-glucopyranoside(5). Compounds 4 and 5 are new compounds and named eclalbasaponins XI and XII, respectively. Compounds 1 and 5 induced morphological deformation of Pyricularia oryzae mycelia.

New Xanthones from Swertia decora

From the CHCl3 part of Swertia decora Franch., a traditional medicinal herb of China, two new xanthones, swertiadecoraxanthone-I and swertiadecoraxanthone-II along with four known compounds have been isolated and identified on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.

SUBSPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION OF Paracobitis variegatus WITH COMMENTS ON ITS ZOOGEOGRAPHY

The distribution of the loach Paracobitis variegatus is confined to upper Yangtze, Huanghe and Nanpanjiang drainages. The number of branched dorsal fin rays, morphology of anterior nostril, colour pattern of head and the length of maxillary barbel indicate that it has differentiated into two subspecies. Both subspecies are isolated geographically: P. variegatus variegatus restricted to the upper Yangtze and the upper Huanghe Rivers, and P. variegatus longidorsalis, new subspecies, to the upper Nanpanjiang River. The subspecific differentiation is supposed to correlated to the sharp uplift of the eastern Yunnan Plateau during late Pleistocene. The taxonomic status of Nemachilus berezowsku Gunther, 1896 and Nemacheilus oxygnathus Regan, 1908 are also discussed and they are considered to be the synonyms of P. variegatus variegatus.

Studies on the Chemical Components of Clematis chinensis

Two novel compounds, clemaphenol A and dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-hyroxymethyl-2(3H)-fura-none were isolated together with eight known compounds, isoferulic acid, b-sitosterol, daucosterol, 5-hy-droxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and anemonin from the root of Clematis chinensis Osbeck.

Influence of Huizhou Culture on Plant Landscapes in Huizhou-style Gardens

Huizhou-style gardens have been greatly influenced by Huizhou culture, their plant landscapes have also been integrated with various aspects of Huizhou culture, which demonstrated the ideology, historical and cultural connotation of the society in an abstract and impalpable way. In this study, Huizhou-style miniature landscapes, plants of virtual implications, flowers or fruit trees of special connotations are taken for examples to analyze the influence of Xin’an Neo-Confucianism on plant landscapes in Huizhou-style gardens, the demonstration of Huizhou businessmen’s aesthetic tastes, as well as folk cultures of Huizhou, which implies that plant landscapes in Huizhou-style gardens are those incorporating with humanistic spirits, ornamental and practical uses. This study aims to provide references for further researches in the present situation of ancient Huizhou areas, protection of ancient Huizhou-style gardens and construction of new-style Huizhou gardens.

New combination test for hepatitis C virus genotype and viral load determination using Amplicor GT HCV MONITOR test v2.0

AIM: To develop a new sensitive and inexpensive hepatitis C virus (HCV) combination test (HCV Guideline test) that enables the determination of HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3, and simultaneous determination of HCV viral load using commercial Amplicor GT HOV MONITOR test v2.0 (microwell version). METHODS: The HCV Guideline test used the PCR product generated in commercial Amplicor GT HCV Monitor test v2.0 for viral load measurement using microwell plate version of Amplicor HCV Monitor and also captured on separate plates containing capture probes and competitive oligonucleotide probes specific for HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3, The HCV genotype was subsequently determined using the biotin-labeled PCR product and five biotin-labeled HCV-specific probes. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the HCV Guideline test was 0.5 KIU/mL. Specificity of the HCV Guideline test was confirmed by direct sequencing of HCV core region and molecular evolutionary analyses based on a panel of 31 samples. The comparison of the HCV Guideline test and an in-house HCV core genotyping assay using 252 samples from chronic hepatitis C patients indicated concordant results for 97.2% of samples (59.5% genotype 1, 33.7% genotype 2, 6.0% genotype 3, and 0.8% mixed genotypes). Similarly, the HCV Guideline test showed concordance with a serological test, and the serological test failed to assign any serotype in 12.7% of the samples, indicating a better sensitivity of the HCV Guideline test. CONCLUSION: Clinically, both viral load and genotypes (1, 2 and 3) have been found to be major predictors of antiviral therapy outcome regarding chronic hepatitis C based on guidelines and they are, in normal circumstances, performed as separate stand-alone assays. The HCV Guideline test is a useful method for screening large cohorts in a routine clinical setting for determining the treatment regimen and for predicting the outcome of antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C.

Use of Glucosyl 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate in Synthesis of Glucosides and Related Oligosaccharides

To investigate a new glycosylation method. Methods In the presence of TMSOTfas catalyst, 1-O-(3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl)-2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranose 1 reacted with aseries of carboxylic acid, phenols, alcohols and saccharides respectively to give the correspondingglycosylation products. The compounds were determined by ~1H NMR and ^(13)C NMR spectra. ResultsThe α-glu-co-pyranosides and related oligosaccharides were prepared in high yields. Conclusion The3, 5-dinitro-benzoyl group was found to be a good leaving group at the anomeric position andO-glucopyranosides and oligosaccharides were stereoselectively synthesized in good yield.

Direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus and lipid metabolism

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces steatosis and is accompanied by multiple metabolic alterations including hyperuricemia, reversible hypocholesterolemia and insulin resistance. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride levels are increased by peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy when a sustained virologic response (SVR) is achieved in patients with HCV. Steatosis is significantly more common in patients with HCV genotype 3 but interferon-free regimens are not always effective for treating HCV genotype 3 infections. HCV infection increases fatty acid synthase levels, resulting in the accumulation of fatty acids in hepatocytes. Of note, low-density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 proteins are candidate receptors that may be involved in HCV. They are also required for the uptake of cholesterol from the external environment of hepatocytes. Among HCV-infected patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection, changes in serum lipid profiles are observed during interferon-free treatment and after the achievement of an SVR. It is evident that HCV affects cholesterol metabolism during interferon-free regimens. Although higher SVR rates were achieved with interferon-free treatment of HCV, special attention must also be paid to unexpected adverse events based on host metabolic changes including hyperlipidemia.

Review:Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters

The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest. The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists. Meanwhile,the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters. Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) have been developed,and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control. Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will ac-celerate application of the process in future. This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process.

Biochanin A and CPe-Ⅲ Peptide Improved Hepatic Infl ammation by Regulating the Hepatic Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Biochanin A(BCA) and CPe-Ⅲ peptide, which both exist in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.), possess significant antihyperlipidemic properties. However, the actualmechanisms ofthose compounds in inhibiting the dysregulation oflipid metabolism and complicated inflammation have not been wellcharacterized. This study investigated the effects ofBCA, CPe-Ⅲ peptide, and combined BCA and CPe-Ⅲ peptide(BC) on the expression ofgenes involved in hepatic lipid and inflammation metabolism. Results demonstrated that BCA, CPe-Ⅲ peptide, and BC significantly attenuated hepatitis and hyperlipidemia by downregulating those genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α), hepatic fatty acid(FA) synthesis(ACC1 and FAS), cholesterolmetabolism(SREBP2, HMGCR, and PCSK9), and upregulating key regulators involved in FA oxidation(PPARα and FABP1), lipolysis(ATGL), LDLR, reverse cholesteroltransport(ABCA1, SR-B1, and LXRα), and cholesterolcatabolism(CYP7 A1). Moreover, they also altered the expression oflipid metabolism-related proteins, including SREBP2, PCSK9, LDLR, ABCA1, and CYP7 A1. Finally, these results revealed that the combination treatment ofBCA and CPe-Ⅲ peptide resulted in greater antihyperlipidemic activity compared with individualcompounds.

Genetically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia

Background Familial hypercholesterolemia （FH） is an autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism which can lead to premature coronary heart disease （pCHD）. There are about 3.8 million potential FH patients in China, whereas the clinical and genetic data of FH are limited. Methods Dutch Lipid Clinic Network （DLCN） criteria was used to diagnose FH in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia. Resequencing chip analysis combined with Sanger sequencing validation were used to identify mutations in the definite FH patients according to DLCN criteria. In silico analysis was conducted in mutations with previously unknown pathogenicity. Then, the novel mutant receptors were transfected into human embryo kidney 293 （HEK-293） cells. The binding and the internalization activities of the mu- tant receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The prevalence of definite FH in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia in this study is 3.2%. Using genetic testing, one homozygous FH （HoFH）, one heterozygous FH （HeFH） and three compound heterozygous FH patients were confirmed. Eight mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor （LDLR） gene were identified, in which c.357delG was a novel mutation and co-segregated with the FH phenotype. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed that c.357delG was a pathogenic mutation. Furthermore, when compared with the wild-type LDLRs by flow eytometry analysis, the binding and internalization activities of c.357delG mutant LDLRs were reduced by 35% and 49%, respectively. Conclusions This study identified eight LDLR gene mutations in five patients with definite FH, in which c.357delG is a novel pathogenic mutation. These findings increase our understanding of the genetic spectrum of FH in China.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Chromene Ring

Synthesis of some new compounds containing chromene ring are described in this work. They were synthesized in moderate to good yield, started with Condensation of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin （1） with ethyl bromoacetate furnishes ethyl-2-（4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy） acetate （2）. The structures of all the new compounds were confirmed using IR, 1H-NMR spectra and micro analysis, selected members of the synthesized compound were screened for antimicrobial activity. They have shown a wide range of activity from one completely inactive compound to medium active ones.

The Holocene warm-humid phases in the North China Plain as recorded by multi-proxy records

The grain size and palinology of sediment and the frequency of ^14C dada provide an integrated reconstruction of the Holocene warm-humid phases of the North China Plain. Two clear intense and long-lasting warm-humid phases were identified by comprehensive research in this region. The first phase was dated back to the early Holocene （9 000-7 000 a BP）, and the second was centered at 5 000-3 000 a BP. The warm-humid episode between 9 000 and 7 000 a BP was also recognized at other sites showing global climatic trends rather than local events. Compared with the concern to the warm-humid phase of the early Holocene, the second one was not paid enough attention in the last few decades. The compilation of the Holocene paleoclimate data suggests that perhaps the second warm-humid phase was pervasive in monsoon region of China. In perspective of environmental archaeology, much attention should be devoted to it, because the flourish and adaptation of the Neolithic cultures and the building up of the first state seem to corresponding to the general warm-humid climatic conditions of this period. In addition, a warm-humid interval at 7 20045 500 a BP was recognized by the grain size data from three sites. However, this warm-humid event was not shown in pollen assemblage and temporal distribution of ^14C data. Perhaps, the resolution for climatic reconstruction from pollen and temporal distribution of ^14C data cited here is relatively low and small-amplitude and short-period climatic events cannot be well reflected by the data. Due to the difference in locality and elevation of sampling site, as well as in resolution of proxy records, it is difficult to make precise correlation. Further work is needed in the future.

Genotype specific peripheral lipid profile changes with hepatitis C therapy

AIM To evaluate magnitude/direction of changes in peripheral lipid profiles in patients undergoing direct acting therapy for hepatitis C by genotype.METHODS Mono-infected patients with hepatitis C were treated with guideline-based DAAs at a university-based liver clinic. Patient characteristics and laboratory values were collected before and after the treatment period. Baseline demographics included age, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, treatment regimen, and fibrosis stage. Total cholesterol(TCHOL), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), triglycerides(TG), and liver function tests were measured prior to treatment and ETR. Changes in lipid and liver function were evaluated by subgroups with respect to genotype. Mean differences were calculated for each lipid profile and liver function component(direction/magnitude). The mean differences in lipid profiles were then compared between genotypes for differences in direction/magnitude. Lipid profile and liver function changes were evaluated with Levene's test and student's t test. Mean differences in lipid profiles were compared between genotypes using ANOVA, post hoc analysis via the Bonferroni correction or Dunnett T3.RESULTS Three hundred and seventy five patients enrolled with 321(85.6%) achieving sustained-viral response at 12 wk. 72.3% were genotype 1(GT1), 18.1% genotype 2(GT2), 9.7% genotype 3(GT3). Baseline demographics were similar. Significant change in lipid profiles were seen with GT1 and GT3(ΔGT1, p and ΔGT3, p), with TCHOL increasing(+5.3, P = 0.005 and +16.1, P < 0.001), HDL increasing(+12.5, P < 0.001 and +7.9, P = 0.038), LDL increasing(+7.4, P = 0.058 and +12.5, P < 0.001), and TG decreasing(-5.9, P = 0.044 and-9.80 P = 0.067). Among genotypes(ΔGT1 v. ΔGT2 v. ΔGT3, ANOVA), significant mean differences were seen with TCHOL(+5.3 v. +0.1 v. +16.1, P = 0.017) and HDL(+12.3 v. +2 v. +7.9, P = 0.040). Post-hoc, GT3 was associated with a greater increase in TCHOL than GT1 and GT2(P = 0.028 and P = 0.019).CONCLUSION Successful DAA therapy results in increases in TCHOL, LDL, and HDL and decrease in TG, particularly in GT1/GT3. Changes are most pronounced in GT3.

Theoretical Studies on Dehydrogenation Reactions in Mg2（BH4）2（NH2）2 Compounds

Borohydrides have been recently hightlighted as prospective new materials due to their high gravimetric capacities for hydrogen storage. It is, therefore, important to under- stand the underlying dehydrogenation mechanisms for further development of these ma- terials. We present a systematic theoretical investigation on the dehydrogenation mecha- nisms of the Mg2（BH4）2（NH2）2 compounds. We found that dehydrogenation takes place most likely via the intermolecular process, which is favorable both kinetically and thermo- dynamically in comparison with that of the intramolecular process. The dehydrogenation of Mg2（BH4）2（NH2）2 initially takes place via the direct combination of the hydridie H in BH4 and the protie H in NH2-, followed by the formation of Mg-H and subsequent ionic recombination of Mg-Hδ-…Hδ＋-N.

Unfolding Evolution Strategically in Integrated Studios of Building and Design to Innovative Grasp of Design Creativity

In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.

New species of the diaspidid genus Lepidosaphes （Hemiptera： diaspididae） on cypress from Tibet of China

Cypress plays an important role in urban afforestation in Tibet of China, and scale insects are a serious pest group that attack Cypress. In this paper, a new species, Lepidosaphes xizangensis Feng, sp. n. from Tibet, is described. Its damages to cypress trees are recorded. The new species is similar to Lepidosaphes pineti Borchsenius, 1958, with its perivulvar disc pores arranging in eight groups, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics： （1） gland spines between median lobes longer than median lobes; （2） distance between median lobes similar than width of median lobes; （3） dorsal gland ducts are much more slender. It enriches the diversity of Lepidosaphes fauna of China and adds new information of coccids＇ damages to cypress.

Biomarker Records of Phytoplankton Productivity and Community Structure Changes in the Central Yellow Sea Mud Area During the Mid-Late Holocene

The Yellow Sea （YS） environmental and ecological changes during the Holocene are driven by the interactions between the Yellow Sea Warm Current （YSWC）, the East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM） and the Kuroshio Current （KC）. We report marine biomarker records of brassicasterol, dinosterol and C37 alkenones in core ZY1 and core ZY2 from the South Yellow Sea （SYS） to reconstruct the spatial/temporal variations and possible mechanisms of phytoplankton primary productivity and community structure changes during the Mid-late Holocene. The contents of the corresponding biomarkers in the two cores are similar, and they also reveal broadly similar temporal trends. From 6kyr to 3kyr, the biomarker contents in the two cores were relatively low with small oscillations, followed by a distinct increase at about 3 kyr indicating productivity increases caused by a stronger EAWM. The alkenone/brassicasterol ratio （A/B） is used as a community structure proxy, which also showed higher values in both cores since 3 kyr, indicating increased haptophyte contribution to total productivity. It is proposed that the YS community structure has been mainly influenced by the YSWC, with stronger YSWC influences causing an increase in haptophyte contribution since 3 kyr. Some differences of the biomarker records between ZY2 and ZYI suggest spatial variations in response to YSWC and KC forcing. When the KC was intensified during the periods of 6-4.2kyr and 1.7-0kyr, the YSWC extended eastward, exerting more influence on core ZY1. On the other hand, when the KC weakened during 4.2-1.7 kyr, the YSWC extended westward, exerting more influence on the ZY2.