For the low-grade copper sulfide ores with 0.99% of copper, of which 41.5% was primary copper sulfide, and 54.5% was secondary copper sulfide, well-controlled column bioleaching on a novel equipment was carried out to...For the low-grade copper sulfide ores with 0.99% of copper, of which 41.5% was primary copper sulfide, and 54.5% was secondary copper sulfide, well-controlled column bioleaching on a novel equipment was carried out to investigate the optimal conditions of pre-leaching, particle sizes of ores, temperature, spray intensity and strain consortium. Results show that copper extraction of 91.11% can be obtained after 90 d with the optimal p H value of pre-leaching of 0.8; the p H values of pre-leaching significantly affect the final copper extractions. Copper extractions of 93.11%, 91.04% and 80.45% can be obtained for the bioleaching of ores with particles size of 5-8 mm, 5-15 mm and 5-20 mm, respectively. Copper extractions are 83.77% and 91.02% for bioleaching under the conditions of room temperature and 35 oC. Copper extractions are 77.25%, 85.45% and 91.12% for the bioleaching when flow rate of spray was 5 L/（h·m2）, 10 L/（h·m2） and 15 L/（h·m2）, respectively. Additionally, the strain consortium C3 is the best among the four strain consortia in bioleaching. By considering the energy consumption, the optimal conditions of bioleaching in this work are determined as p H of pre-leaching of 0.8, particles size of 5-15 mm, temperature of 35 ℃, spray intensity of 15 L/（h·m2）, and strain consortium C3.展开更多
The fructose modified chitosan microcarries (CMs) were prepared by the reaction of glutaraldehyde with fructose-modified chitosan. Various factors that influence the preparation were studied and the reaction condition...The fructose modified chitosan microcarries (CMs) were prepared by the reaction of glutaraldehyde with fructose-modified chitosan. Various factors that influence the preparation were studied and the reaction conditions were optimized. Morphology of rat hepatocytes cultured on CMs was observed using phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the metabolic activities were measured. Rat hepatocytes cultured on CMs retained the spherical shape as they have in vivo and had high metabolic activities. Fructose can enhance the metabolic activity of hepatocytes and the modified CMs are promising scaffold for hepatocytes attachment.展开更多
In recent years, the performance of organic thinfilm solar cells has gained rapid progress, of which the power conversion efficiencies （r/p） of 3%-5% are commonly achieved, which were difficult to obtain years ago a...In recent years, the performance of organic thinfilm solar cells has gained rapid progress, of which the power conversion efficiencies （r/p） of 3%-5% are commonly achieved, which were difficult to obtain years ago and are improving steadily now. The r/p of 7.4% was achieved in the year 2010, and r/p of 9.2% was disclosed and confirmed at website of Mitsubishi Chemical in April, 2011. The promising future is that the r/p of 10% is achievable according to simulation results. Apparently, these are attributed to material innovations, new device structures, and also the better understanding of device physics. This article summarizes recent progress in organic thinfilm solar cells related to materials, device structures and working principles. In the device functioning part, after each brief summary of the working principle, the methods for improvements, such as absorption increment, organic/electrode interface engineering, morphological issues, are addressed and summarized accordingly. In addition, for the purpose of increasing exciton diffusion efficiency, the benefit from triplet exciton, which has been proposed in recent years, is highlighted. In the active material parts, the chemical nature of materials and its impact on device performance are discussed. Particularly, emphasis is given toward the insight for better understanding device physics as well as improvements in device performance either by development of new materials or by new device architecture.展开更多
基金Projects(51374248,51320105006) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-13-0595) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,ChinaProject(2014T70692) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘For the low-grade copper sulfide ores with 0.99% of copper, of which 41.5% was primary copper sulfide, and 54.5% was secondary copper sulfide, well-controlled column bioleaching on a novel equipment was carried out to investigate the optimal conditions of pre-leaching, particle sizes of ores, temperature, spray intensity and strain consortium. Results show that copper extraction of 91.11% can be obtained after 90 d with the optimal p H value of pre-leaching of 0.8; the p H values of pre-leaching significantly affect the final copper extractions. Copper extractions of 93.11%, 91.04% and 80.45% can be obtained for the bioleaching of ores with particles size of 5-8 mm, 5-15 mm and 5-20 mm, respectively. Copper extractions are 83.77% and 91.02% for bioleaching under the conditions of room temperature and 35 oC. Copper extractions are 77.25%, 85.45% and 91.12% for the bioleaching when flow rate of spray was 5 L/（h·m2）, 10 L/（h·m2） and 15 L/（h·m2）, respectively. Additionally, the strain consortium C3 is the best among the four strain consortia in bioleaching. By considering the energy consumption, the optimal conditions of bioleaching in this work are determined as p H of pre-leaching of 0.8, particles size of 5-15 mm, temperature of 35 ℃, spray intensity of 15 L/（h·m2）, and strain consortium C3.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070222)
文摘The fructose modified chitosan microcarries (CMs) were prepared by the reaction of glutaraldehyde with fructose-modified chitosan. Various factors that influence the preparation were studied and the reaction conditions were optimized. Morphology of rat hepatocytes cultured on CMs was observed using phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the metabolic activities were measured. Rat hepatocytes cultured on CMs retained the spherical shape as they have in vivo and had high metabolic activities. Fructose can enhance the metabolic activity of hepatocytes and the modified CMs are promising scaffold for hepatocytes attachment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20974046, 61077021 & 61076016)New Century Excellent Talents funding from Ministry of Education of China (NCET-08-0697)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2009CB930600)
文摘In recent years, the performance of organic thinfilm solar cells has gained rapid progress, of which the power conversion efficiencies （r/p） of 3%-5% are commonly achieved, which were difficult to obtain years ago and are improving steadily now. The r/p of 7.4% was achieved in the year 2010, and r/p of 9.2% was disclosed and confirmed at website of Mitsubishi Chemical in April, 2011. The promising future is that the r/p of 10% is achievable according to simulation results. Apparently, these are attributed to material innovations, new device structures, and also the better understanding of device physics. This article summarizes recent progress in organic thinfilm solar cells related to materials, device structures and working principles. In the device functioning part, after each brief summary of the working principle, the methods for improvements, such as absorption increment, organic/electrode interface engineering, morphological issues, are addressed and summarized accordingly. In addition, for the purpose of increasing exciton diffusion efficiency, the benefit from triplet exciton, which has been proposed in recent years, is highlighted. In the active material parts, the chemical nature of materials and its impact on device performance are discussed. Particularly, emphasis is given toward the insight for better understanding device physics as well as improvements in device performance either by development of new materials or by new device architecture.
