对采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)一级海岸阶地上的海蚀凹槽沉积剖面进行沉积岩相学、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学研究,结果显示该剖面的70—118 cm段显著受到了海鸟粪沉积的影响,为含贝壳的海鸟粪土沉积层。该段粪土沉积层中大多数元...对采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)一级海岸阶地上的海蚀凹槽沉积剖面进行沉积岩相学、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学研究,结果显示该剖面的70—118 cm段显著受到了海鸟粪沉积的影响,为含贝壳的海鸟粪土沉积层。该段粪土沉积层中大多数元素的浓度随深度表现出明显的波动特征,其中TOC、TN、Se、Sr、CaO、Pb、As、Zn等元素含量在深度剖面上表现出较为一致的垂向变化趋势。对粪土层的元素地球化学数据进行了聚类分析,结果表明在浓度剖面上具有较好协同关系的上述元素组合与海鸟粪有机质的输入密切相关,这些具有显著地球化学性质差异的元素共生组合是北极新奥尔松粪土沉积层的生物地球化学组合的标型特征,它们的含量变化主要受控于海鸟粪对沉积物的影响程度。海鸟粪土生物地球化学标型组合特征的识别为进一步研究该地区12—4 ka B.P.的海鸟生态系统和气候演化记录提供了科学基础。展开更多
以2010年中国北极黄河站科学考察从新奥尔松地区采集的2个土壤和8个不同类型的沉积物样品为研究对象,采用分离培养方法及16S r RNA基因序列测定分析可培养细菌的多样性。对从10个站位分离出的343株细菌进行菌落特征分析,选取47株代表性...以2010年中国北极黄河站科学考察从新奥尔松地区采集的2个土壤和8个不同类型的沉积物样品为研究对象,采用分离培养方法及16S r RNA基因序列测定分析可培养细菌的多样性。对从10个站位分离出的343株细菌进行菌落特征分析,选取47株代表性细菌进行16S r RNA基因的分子鉴定并构建系统发育树,结果表明47株细菌归属于4个门,6个纲,18个属和29个种。在属水平上,芽孢杆菌纲细菌的多样性最为丰富,共6个属;在菌株数量上,γ-变形菌纲属于优势类群,共27株,分属于13个种。北极新奥尔松地区可培养细菌在海洋沉积物、湖泊沉积物、河流沉积物及土壤中的种属构成存在差异,其中海洋沉积物中细菌多样性最为丰富,而湖泊沉积物中细菌多样性次之。展开更多
北极夏季无冰区苔原CO_(2)的释放对全球碳循环起着重要的作用。在第4次北极科学考察(2008年7月26日—8月5日)期间,采用密闭箱法在北极新奥尔松(Ny-Ålesund)黄河站区附近的鸟类保护区苔原(Tundra in Seabird Sanctuary,TSB)、普通...北极夏季无冰区苔原CO_(2)的释放对全球碳循环起着重要的作用。在第4次北极科学考察(2008年7月26日—8月5日)期间,采用密闭箱法在北极新奥尔松(Ny-Ålesund)黄河站区附近的鸟类保护区苔原(Tundra in Seabird Sanctuary,TSB)、普通海滩苔原(Tundra in Non-seabird Colony,TNS)和两者间的过渡苔原(Tundra in Transition Zone,TTR)监测CO_(2)净通量(Net CO_(2)Fluxes,NEE)空间变异规律及其影响因素。结果表明:鸟类保护区苔原TSB的平均NEE为(–39.0±6.0)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),为CO_(2)吸收汇,且对CO_(2)的吸收随着植被覆盖度和海鸟活动强度的增强而显著增强;普通海滩苔原TNS和过渡苔原TTR的平均NEE分别为(12.0±6.3)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1)和(40.5±29.3)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),均为CO_(2)净排放源。普通海滩苔原TNS的CO_(2)排放强度随土壤水分的减少和地势增高而增强;过渡苔原TTR中高地苔原区的平均NEE为(106.4±23.1)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),为CO_(2)强排放源;而泥炭苔原区的平均NEE为(–58.3±9.5)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),为CO_(2)强吸收汇。苔原土壤的理化性质对苔原NEE有重要影响,鸟类保护区苔原TSB和普通海滩苔原TNS的NEE与土壤含水率呈显著负相关关系(r=–0.44,P=0.003)。鸟类保护区苔原TSB的NEE与土壤温度弱正相关(r=0.32,P=0.06),与NH4+-N(P<0.05)和NO_(3)^(–)-N(P<0.05)含量均显著负相关。在全球变暖的驱使下,不同地形地貌和海鸟活动特征的北极苔原区域CO_(2)排放的复杂性将显著增强,对全球碳循环产生较大的影响,本研究也将为此提供科研资料。展开更多
According to palaeoclimatic and modern instrumental data,numerous studies have indicated that the Arctic climate has undergone a significant warming during the past 100 years,and this may lead to significant impact on...According to palaeoclimatic and modern instrumental data,numerous studies have indicated that the Arctic climate has undergone a significant warming during the past 100 years,and this may lead to significant impact on the fragile lake ecosystem.In this study,we collected a lake sediment core from the Nylesund of Svalbard and determined the concentrations of four pigments including chlorophyll derivatives,total carotenoids,oscillaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll in the sediments.Combined with other physical and chemical proxies such as calcium carbonate,total organic carbon,biogenic silicon etc.,we have reconstructed the historical changes of lacustrine primary productivity in Ny-lesund,especially for the past 100 years.The results showed that during the period of Little Ice Age(LIA),the climate was unfavorable for the growth of the lake algae,and thus the lacustrine productivity declined.This result was supported by the relatively low contents of pigment and biogenic silica in the sediments.In contrast,the contents of total organic carbon(TOC) and sediment pigments increased significantly in the upper 5 cm(~1890AD),reflecting the rapid growth of the lake algae,thus the great increase of lacustrine primary productivity,corresponding to the warming climate after LIA.However,the biogenic silica in the upper sediments still had a relatively low level,and this might be related to the growth competition with other algae species.Over the past 100 years,the ratio of Osc/Myx in the sediments decreased continuously,indicative of durative increase of myxoxanthophyll in blue-green algal pigments,and this might imply that the human activity had enhanced the nutrition level of the lake in the Arctic region.展开更多
文摘对采自北极新奥尔松(Ny-lesund)一级海岸阶地上的海蚀凹槽沉积剖面进行沉积岩相学、同位素地球化学和元素地球化学研究,结果显示该剖面的70—118 cm段显著受到了海鸟粪沉积的影响,为含贝壳的海鸟粪土沉积层。该段粪土沉积层中大多数元素的浓度随深度表现出明显的波动特征,其中TOC、TN、Se、Sr、CaO、Pb、As、Zn等元素含量在深度剖面上表现出较为一致的垂向变化趋势。对粪土层的元素地球化学数据进行了聚类分析,结果表明在浓度剖面上具有较好协同关系的上述元素组合与海鸟粪有机质的输入密切相关,这些具有显著地球化学性质差异的元素共生组合是北极新奥尔松粪土沉积层的生物地球化学组合的标型特征,它们的含量变化主要受控于海鸟粪对沉积物的影响程度。海鸟粪土生物地球化学标型组合特征的识别为进一步研究该地区12—4 ka B.P.的海鸟生态系统和气候演化记录提供了科学基础。
文摘以2010年中国北极黄河站科学考察从新奥尔松地区采集的2个土壤和8个不同类型的沉积物样品为研究对象,采用分离培养方法及16S r RNA基因序列测定分析可培养细菌的多样性。对从10个站位分离出的343株细菌进行菌落特征分析,选取47株代表性细菌进行16S r RNA基因的分子鉴定并构建系统发育树,结果表明47株细菌归属于4个门,6个纲,18个属和29个种。在属水平上,芽孢杆菌纲细菌的多样性最为丰富,共6个属;在菌株数量上,γ-变形菌纲属于优势类群,共27株,分属于13个种。北极新奥尔松地区可培养细菌在海洋沉积物、湖泊沉积物、河流沉积物及土壤中的种属构成存在差异,其中海洋沉积物中细菌多样性最为丰富,而湖泊沉积物中细菌多样性次之。
文摘北极夏季无冰区苔原CO_(2)的释放对全球碳循环起着重要的作用。在第4次北极科学考察(2008年7月26日—8月5日)期间,采用密闭箱法在北极新奥尔松(Ny-Ålesund)黄河站区附近的鸟类保护区苔原(Tundra in Seabird Sanctuary,TSB)、普通海滩苔原(Tundra in Non-seabird Colony,TNS)和两者间的过渡苔原(Tundra in Transition Zone,TTR)监测CO_(2)净通量(Net CO_(2)Fluxes,NEE)空间变异规律及其影响因素。结果表明:鸟类保护区苔原TSB的平均NEE为(–39.0±6.0)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),为CO_(2)吸收汇,且对CO_(2)的吸收随着植被覆盖度和海鸟活动强度的增强而显著增强;普通海滩苔原TNS和过渡苔原TTR的平均NEE分别为(12.0±6.3)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1)和(40.5±29.3)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),均为CO_(2)净排放源。普通海滩苔原TNS的CO_(2)排放强度随土壤水分的减少和地势增高而增强;过渡苔原TTR中高地苔原区的平均NEE为(106.4±23.1)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),为CO_(2)强排放源;而泥炭苔原区的平均NEE为(–58.3±9.5)mg·m^(–2)·h^(–1),为CO_(2)强吸收汇。苔原土壤的理化性质对苔原NEE有重要影响,鸟类保护区苔原TSB和普通海滩苔原TNS的NEE与土壤含水率呈显著负相关关系(r=–0.44,P=0.003)。鸟类保护区苔原TSB的NEE与土壤温度弱正相关(r=0.32,P=0.06),与NH4+-N(P<0.05)和NO_(3)^(–)-N(P<0.05)含量均显著负相关。在全球变暖的驱使下,不同地形地貌和海鸟活动特征的北极苔原区域CO_(2)排放的复杂性将显著增强,对全球碳循环产生较大的影响,本研究也将为此提供科研资料。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.40876096,40606003and 40676004)the young fund for strategetic research of Chinese polar sciences fromCAAA(No.20070202)+1 种基金open research fund from SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science(KP2007002)special fund for excellent PhD thesis of CAS
文摘According to palaeoclimatic and modern instrumental data,numerous studies have indicated that the Arctic climate has undergone a significant warming during the past 100 years,and this may lead to significant impact on the fragile lake ecosystem.In this study,we collected a lake sediment core from the Nylesund of Svalbard and determined the concentrations of four pigments including chlorophyll derivatives,total carotenoids,oscillaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll in the sediments.Combined with other physical and chemical proxies such as calcium carbonate,total organic carbon,biogenic silicon etc.,we have reconstructed the historical changes of lacustrine primary productivity in Ny-lesund,especially for the past 100 years.The results showed that during the period of Little Ice Age(LIA),the climate was unfavorable for the growth of the lake algae,and thus the lacustrine productivity declined.This result was supported by the relatively low contents of pigment and biogenic silica in the sediments.In contrast,the contents of total organic carbon(TOC) and sediment pigments increased significantly in the upper 5 cm(~1890AD),reflecting the rapid growth of the lake algae,thus the great increase of lacustrine primary productivity,corresponding to the warming climate after LIA.However,the biogenic silica in the upper sediments still had a relatively low level,and this might be related to the growth competition with other algae species.Over the past 100 years,the ratio of Osc/Myx in the sediments decreased continuously,indicative of durative increase of myxoxanthophyll in blue-green algal pigments,and this might imply that the human activity had enhanced the nutrition level of the lake in the Arctic region.
