对环保建筑给排水节水及中水系统新技术设计的研究

在建筑节能技术蓬勃发展的今天，建筑能耗逐渐增多，它在全国总能耗中的比重约为1／3。建筑给排水指代日常生产生活、卫生清洁与绿化中所消耗的水量。本文围绕环保建筑，首先分析了给排水节水现状，然后探讨了给排水节水措施，最后研究了中水系统，希望能为相关研究提供帮助。

九景高速公路技术改造新技术设计及应用

从打造一条生态环保、质量高效的特色路的思路出发，详细介绍了江西省九景高速公路技术改造工程中各类新技术的设计和应用情况，很多新技术在江西省为首次使用。目前，改造后的九景高速公路已经过半年多的通车运行考验，运行条件良好，路段采用的各类新技术使用效果有待后期进一步的观测和研究。

探究高压电器开关的设计新技术及应用

由于我国近几年的经济标准不断升高以及供电需求的增加,对高压开关运行的安全性提出了更高的要求。随着智能技术的不断发展和进步,智能系统的可靠性和科学性也受到了广泛关注,要想发挥智能技术状态监测、调试等工作作用,就要保证开关设备技术处理环节的规范效果,满足系统工程发展要求。基于此,本文主要探讨高压电器开关的设计新技术及应用。

新一代汽轮机设计技术的应用

汽轮机设计技术的发展大致可以分为三个阶段,目前有关汽轮机的设计技术处于第三阶段,主要是利用计算机的一些大型绘图软件,采用全三维计算机模拟设计概念,以计算气动力学为主,进行汽轮机设计,使得汽轮机的设计工作更加符合实际情况,达到提高汽轮机设计质量和安全性,以及汽轮机运行的灵活性、可靠性。本文介绍汽轮机设计发展历史和三缸三排200MW汽轮机的设计缺陷,然后重点介绍了新一代汽轮机设计技术在汽轮机设计过程中的实际应用。

河港大水位差直立式集装箱码头设计创新技术

在长江上游重庆港寸滩港区工程项目设计中,通过理念创新和技术创新,在33 m大水位差、典型山区地形的建设条件下,首次成功地采用了集装箱岸桥装卸船工艺、空间框架式桩基码头结构、阶梯式集装箱堆场布置和较大的港内道路纵坡等设计创新技术,开创了大水差地区建设直立式集装箱码头的先例,促进了河港建港技术的发展。

河港大水位差直立式集装箱码头设计创新技术

在长江上游重庆港寸滩港区工程项目设计中，通过理念创新和技术创新，在33m大水位差、典型山区地形的建设条件下，首次成功地采用了集装箱岸桥装卸船工艺、空间框架式桩基码头结构、阶梯式集装箱堆场布置和较大的港内道路纵坡等设计创新技术，开创了大水差地区建设直立式集装箱码头的先例，促进了河港建港技术的发展。

探究高压电器开关的设计新技术及应用

伴随时代发展,高压电器开关设计理念不仅得到更多新理念的填充,理论体系也朝着成熟的方向不断发展。同时,由于其在电器行业扮演着非常重要的应用角色,所以,高压电器开关的更新换代速度也将不断加速。本文在明确了高压电器开关的功能和基本原理后,立足于高压电器组合开关、连杆联动的高压电器开关等新技术的基础上对未来高压电器开关设计新技术的应用发展趋势进行分析,并得到相关结论。

轻量化技术在机床设计中的应用

以目前机床制造业的现状为背景,阐述了轻量化技术的相关知识,着重分析了轻量化技术中结构优化设计技术、新材料设计技术、多学科综合优化设计技术在机床设计中的应用情况,同时对轻量化技术在机床设计中的应用前景进行了展望,并提出了一些建议。

山区旅游公路设计新理念——湖北省兴山县的“最美水上公路”

针对湖北省兴山县"最美水上公路"项目的实际特点,阐述了山区旅游公路设计新理念及新技术的运用情况及所达到的效果,包括环保选线、水土保持、节约土地、节能减排、景观协调等,希望能为类似工程建设项目提供借鉴和参考。

索贝数码成为北京台新台址技术系统A组网络方案设计合作伙伴

2005年7月19日，北京电视台向索贝数码科技股份有限公司颁发了中标通知书，正式通知索贝公司成为“北京电视台新台址技术系统A组网络部分设计合作伙伴”。

汽车轻量化新材料的应用

通常按照材料的成分,将汽车材料分为金属材料和非金属材料两大类。随着汽车技术的发展,未来汽车材料除金属材料外,非金属材料将会细分为工程塑料、复合材料、纳米材料等材料。研究汽车新材料的最终处置问题至关重要,从某种程度上讲,关系到新材料的生存与发展。用于汽车内饰件的材料要求具备吸振性能好、手感好、耐磨性好的特点,以满足安全、舒适、美观的目的。内饰用主要材料品种为聚氨酯(PU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯(PP)和ABS等年。内饰塑料制品主要有,座垫、仪表板、扶手、头枕、门内衬板、顶棚衬里、地毯、控制箱、转向盘等。

The General Design and Technology Innovations of CAP1400

The pressurized water reactor CAP1400 is one of the sixteen National Science and Technology Major Projects. Developed from China＇s nuclear R＆D system and manufacturing capability, as well as APIO00 technology introduction and assimilation, CAP1400 is an advanced large passive nuclear power plant with independent intellectual property rights. By discussing the top design principle, main performance objectives, general parameters, safety design, and important improvements in safety, economy, and oth- er advanced features, this paper reveals the technology innovation and competitiveness of CAP1400 as an internationally promising Gen-IIl PWR model. Moreover, the R＆D of CAP1400 has greatly promoted China＇s domestic nuclear power industry from the Gen-II to the Gen-III level.

Study on key techniques on ecological renovation design of existing buildings in China

With the rapid development of China economy and critical ecological situation in China,ecological renovation of existing buildings has become a special important topic. Key techniques on ecological renovation design of existing buildings in China are explored in this paper. Special attention is paid to specific treatments suitable for China.

Technical modifications & management innovations in exporting nuclear reactor projects

As a main channel for the foreign economic cooperation of China nuclear industry,China Zhongyuan Engineering Corporation (CZEC) has been constantly engaged in technical modifications and management innovations in its exporting nuclear reactor projects.In the implementation of heavy water research reactor contract in Algeria,CZEC had established a complete and adequate design standards system in compliance with the international standards,and made significant modifications to the reference reactor in the aspects of reactor power and reactor safety,solved quite some technical issues which affected the reactor technical performance.The modifications and improvements enabled the technical parameters,safety features,reactor multipurpose application to attain to the advanced level in the world.In the 300 MWe PWR NPPs in Pakistan,safety features had been updated in line with upgrading regulatory requisites.The design philosophy and technology application demonstrated CZEC's creation and innovation on basis of constant safety enhancement of nuclear power projects.Efforts had also been made by CZEC in promoting China made equipment items and components exportation.

Limitations of Cost Estimation Using Building Information Modeling in Poland

BIM （building information modeling） is a technological innovation, not only during the design process, but also during the planning and preparation stages of a construction project, as it also supports making investment decisions. An innovation which is comparable, if only slightly less significant, was the transition from using 2D systems to the 3D structural model design. The article outlines the advantages of using BIM in the preparatory stages of a construction project. It also presents benefits which relate to the employment of the BIM system in cost estimation process. The article describes the Zuzia BIM system which uses the BIM model, as this system has just been created in Poland for the purpose of construction cost estimation. The preparation of the bill of quantities is automated in this system and this has been achieved on the basis of data directly obtained from virtual models of buildings, which were carried out thanks to the collaboration of various design sectors. The article authors, using their own experience, present difficulties which can be encountered by cost estimators in Poland when calculating the value of a building with the help of the BIM concept. The article shows the design errors that prevent or hinder takeoff automatic calculation based on BIM model. Design errors shown in the article are for example reinforcement bars have been defined by a designer as elements hollow in the middle or as one element for the whole building, one type of elements assigned as few different or incorrect defining of elements in relation to the type of works.

Problems Involving New Technology Application for Environmental Protection Equipment

The numerous environmental protection equipments for desulfuration,denitration,and precipitation have been installed in the domestic coal-fired power plants,while the investment and energy consumption of the units increase correspondingly.To reduce the operational cost and initial investment as much as possible,the working processes of the environmental protection equipments are optimized in the design and some new technologies are adopted for energy saving.These technologies include the SCR,SNCR,combined SCR and SNCR for denitration device,system without gas-gas heater design for desulfuration,desulfuration system without bypass,booster fan and induced draft fan integrated,stack and cooling tower integrated and so on.However,such measures may cause some new problems during the operation of the equipment.The problems are summarized and analyzed thoroughly and the feasible methods are provided to solve them,which could decrease the operational risk of units.The present discussion can also improve the further design of environmental protection equipments to ensure the long-term steady operation of the units.

可用作公路缓和曲线的K型曲线数学模型及其特点分析

为了克服曲线法设计的局限性,解决长期困扰公路线形设计中的一些技术难题,以传统回旋线数学模型为基础,提出一种适应能力更强、更符合车辆行驶轨迹与驾驶人行为特征的K型曲线以代替传统回旋线作为公路用缓和曲线。首先,对传统回旋线的参数特点、曲率变化特点及航向角与弦切角的变化关系进行分析,并以航向角与弦切角的变化关系为基础建立了K型曲线参数方程,对方程中各参数对其影响进行分析;其次,通过K型曲线的参数方程推导得出任意点曲率半径的数学表达式;最后,通过数值解法讨论在不同参数取值情况下,K型曲线曲率半径与弧长之间的关系。研究结果表明:当弦长m值与弦切角a值固定时,选取适当的航向角与弦切角的比值k值,可调节K型曲线曲率半径随弧长的变化速率,提高了在地形困难地区公路线形设计的灵活性;在公路线形设计中采用K型曲线代替传统回旋线作为缓和曲线,不仅能够改善不良线形、增加车辆行驶的安全性,同时其便捷、适应性强等特点还可显著提高公路线形的设计效率与设计质量。

Preliminary studies on the basic factors of bionics

The bionic consciousness,idea,and practice opened a unique path for the progress of mankind,the development of the society,and the innovation of science and technology from the subconscious bionic activities of the ancient humans to the significant bionic designs in modern engineering.Nowadays,driven by the practical demand of human beings,bionics becomes an important factor for the sustainable development of technology.A lot of new and outstanding innovations have been produced through the effective interactions between bionics,technology,and demand.The stronger the interactions,the greater the innovation success would be.In this article,the basic factors such as the connotation,characteristics,and interactions of bionic demands,bionic models,bionic simulations,and bionic products were explained,which are the indispensable basic knowledge for improving the ability of innovation especially for the original one,realizing the design and innovation of new technology and manufacturing for better bionic products.

State-of-the-art of 3D printing technology of cementitious material—An emerging technique for construction

In recent few years, significant improvement has been made in developing largescale 3 D printer to accommodate the need of industrial-scale 3 D printing. Cementitious materials that are compatible with 3 D printing promote rapid application of this innovative technique in the construction field with advantages of cost effective, high efficiency, design flexibility and environmental friendly. This paper firstly reviews existing 3 D printing techniques that are currently being used in commercial3 D printers. It then summarizes three latest development of largescale 3 D printing systems and identifies their relationships and limiting factors. Thereafter, critical factors that are used to evaluate the workability and printable performance of cementitious materials are specified. Easy-extrusive, easy-flowing, well-buildable, and proper setting time are significant for cementitious material to meet the critical requirements of a freeform construction process. Finally, main advantages, potential applications and the prospects of future research of 3 D printing in construction technology are suggested. The objective of this work is to review current design methodologies and operational constraints of largescale 3 D printing system and provide references for optimizing the performance of cementitious material and promote its responsible use with largescale 3 D printing technology.

Lubricating a bright future:Lubrication contribution to energy saving and low carbon emission

Both the academic society and the industry are hunting for new energy forms for the future.However,the world should not forget the conventional technologies that contribute to the sustainable society by technical innovations.Among them,lubrication plays a significant role in energy saving and in low CO2emission by increasing the fuel efficiency and by prolonging the service life of machines.With the advance of novel synthetic approaches,and nanoscience and technologies,novel lubrication oils and additives and their formulations are being developed to reduce friction and wear,and novel surface treatment routes and surface coatings are invented and provide more efficient lubrication.These technologies create tremendous chances for machines to work more efficiently with low energy consumption.Here we review the recent progresses and challenges associated with some novel lubrication techniques that include novel surface treatment(such as texturing,high-performance nanocomposite coatings,adapting coating),tribology design(solid and liquid lubrication),energy-conserving engine oil and novel lubricants and formula(such as ionic liquids,low S,P content additives)which are to be adopted to enhance the fuel efficiency to achieve energy saving and low carbon emission.There is increased demand to replace fossil lubricants by degradable green lubricants.Specially designed coatings can reduce drag significantly during navigation of both airplanes and ships.All these aspects will be also reviewed in the paper.