Facing serious environmental problems,governments and manufacturers are taking action to reduce carbon emissions.Among these endeavors,carbon tax policy are widely adopted by governments,and trade-old-for-new(TON)and ...Facing serious environmental problems,governments and manufacturers are taking action to reduce carbon emissions.Among these endeavors,carbon tax policy are widely adopted by governments,and trade-old-for-new(TON)and trade-old-for-remanufactured(TOR)are offered by manufacturers and subsidized by governments.To explore the effects of remanufacturer competition and carbon tax on the manufacturer’s TON and TOR decisions and the environment,we formulate three profit maximization models and present some theoretical and numerical analyses.The results show that,under the remanufacturer competition and carbon tax,the manufacturer’s optimal price and production decisions mainly depend on consumer willingness and carbon tax rate.A higher consumer willingness to manufacturer’s remanufactured products will decrease the demand for the manufacturer’s TON,but it always increases the demand for the manufacturer’s TOR.A higher consumer willingness to remanufacturer’s products will not affect the demand for the manufacturer’s TON;however,it will reduce the demand for manufacturer’s TOR.In addition,we find that a higher carbon tax rate always reduces total carbon emission reduction,and that it may increase the manufacturer’s profit due to the increase in TOR demand.展开更多
The Chinese economy is currently undergoing a digital transformation.New growth drivers are replacing old ones,creating a new development landscape.Countries with strong digital industries will be the first to reap th...The Chinese economy is currently undergoing a digital transformation.New growth drivers are replacing old ones,creating a new development landscape.Countries with strong digital industries will be the first to reap the benefits of digitalization.For China,the transformation to a digital economy is both of inevitability and heterogeneity fueled by dual circulations.Crowded out from more skill-based digitalized sectors,less-skilled labor moves to less digitalized sectors.New capital,industries and technology clusters emerge as new drivers of manufacturing and service sector development.With its large domestic market and industrial competitiveness,China has fostered a new development landscape of“dual circulations”.展开更多
Considering the existence of the secondhand market and the implementation of trade-in program,the competition models between two manufacturers who produce the same products at various qualities are developed by the Na...Considering the existence of the secondhand market and the implementation of trade-in program,the competition models between two manufacturers who produce the same products at various qualities are developed by the Nash game,and the impacts of the trade-in program from the perspectives of the demands,profits,marginal profits of manufacturers and the net costs of consumers are investigated.It finds that the trade-in program has different impacts when it is implemented by different manufacturers.When the low-quality manufacturer implements the program,it is always beneficial to himself and consumers but harmful to the high-quality manufacturer.However,when the program is implemented by the high-quality manufacturer,it can be beneficial to the low-quality manufacturer as well as to the implementer but harmful to consumers if the transaction cost of the consumer selling the used product in the secondhand market is low enough.Furthermore,with the increase in transaction cost,it also becomes harmful to the low-quality manufacturer and beneficial to consumers,which is the same as in the case that the low-quality manufacturer implements the trade-in program.The impacts of related parameters on the demands,marginal profits of manufacturers and the net costs of consumers are also analyzed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71973001).
文摘Facing serious environmental problems,governments and manufacturers are taking action to reduce carbon emissions.Among these endeavors,carbon tax policy are widely adopted by governments,and trade-old-for-new(TON)and trade-old-for-remanufactured(TOR)are offered by manufacturers and subsidized by governments.To explore the effects of remanufacturer competition and carbon tax on the manufacturer’s TON and TOR decisions and the environment,we formulate three profit maximization models and present some theoretical and numerical analyses.The results show that,under the remanufacturer competition and carbon tax,the manufacturer’s optimal price and production decisions mainly depend on consumer willingness and carbon tax rate.A higher consumer willingness to manufacturer’s remanufactured products will decrease the demand for the manufacturer’s TON,but it always increases the demand for the manufacturer’s TOR.A higher consumer willingness to remanufacturer’s products will not affect the demand for the manufacturer’s TON;however,it will reduce the demand for manufacturer’s TOR.In addition,we find that a higher carbon tax rate always reduces total carbon emission reduction,and that it may increase the manufacturer’s profit due to the increase in TOR demand.
基金国家社科基金重大项目“新旧动能转换机制设计与路径选择”(批准号:18Z D A077)南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心暨区域经济转型与管理变革协同创新中心联合招标重大项目“长三角区域世界级产业集聚培育和协调发展”(批准号:CYD-2020019)。
文摘The Chinese economy is currently undergoing a digital transformation.New growth drivers are replacing old ones,creating a new development landscape.Countries with strong digital industries will be the first to reap the benefits of digitalization.For China,the transformation to a digital economy is both of inevitability and heterogeneity fueled by dual circulations.Crowded out from more skill-based digitalized sectors,less-skilled labor moves to less digitalized sectors.New capital,industries and technology clusters emerge as new drivers of manufacturing and service sector development.With its large domestic market and industrial competitiveness,China has fostered a new development landscape of“dual circulations”.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71871058,71531010)
文摘Considering the existence of the secondhand market and the implementation of trade-in program,the competition models between two manufacturers who produce the same products at various qualities are developed by the Nash game,and the impacts of the trade-in program from the perspectives of the demands,profits,marginal profits of manufacturers and the net costs of consumers are investigated.It finds that the trade-in program has different impacts when it is implemented by different manufacturers.When the low-quality manufacturer implements the program,it is always beneficial to himself and consumers but harmful to the high-quality manufacturer.However,when the program is implemented by the high-quality manufacturer,it can be beneficial to the low-quality manufacturer as well as to the implementer but harmful to consumers if the transaction cost of the consumer selling the used product in the secondhand market is low enough.Furthermore,with the increase in transaction cost,it also becomes harmful to the low-quality manufacturer and beneficial to consumers,which is the same as in the case that the low-quality manufacturer implements the trade-in program.The impacts of related parameters on the demands,marginal profits of manufacturers and the net costs of consumers are also analyzed.
