轻烃汽化气——补充城市管道燃气盲区的理想气源

一种新气源——轻烃汽化气低压管道供气技术经过近几年在若干城市的示范成功,为我国城市管道燃气化的发展和完善,提供了新的应用气种。

Oasis System and Its Reasonable Development in Sangong River Watershed in North of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China

Under the guide of system theory, taking the oasis in the Sangong River watershed as a case study, this paper analyzes the oasis structure and function from 4 aspects including oasis spatial structure, water resources structure, vegetation structure, economic structure and their corresponding functions. The results indicate that as a typical small-scale watershed, Sangong River watershed has the relatively complete mountain-basin structure, and ecological and productive function. Because of human drastic activity the utilization rate of water resources was as high as 98.7%, and the utilization of groundwater was not reasonable, which resulted in an average annual decline of 0.353m in the water table of alluvial-diluvial-fan oasis, and an average annual increase of 0.047m in the alluvial-plain. The layout of crop and shelter forest benefits to the utilization of water and land resources. The development of oasis economy is at low level, and its eco-economic function is weak.

Xinjiang to Be China’s Strategic Oil and Gas Base

For a long term, the spacious castern oilfields have been the “Major Battlefield”for oil and gas production in China. Xinjiang with abundant resource will have played as a strategic succeeding area. While the output of the eastern oilfields decreasing year by year and imported oil dependency rising up to 45% in China. Xinjiang has become the focus concerned by the government and the petroleum enterprises.

Examination of Resource Curse Hypothesis: Mineral Resources Exploitation and Economic Growth in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

The mineral resources exploitation stage and the economic growth rate are various in different regions of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Using the method of location quotient, this paper identifies and classifies the intensive regions of three types of mineral resources, known as coal, oil and natural gas, respectively. The intensive regions of economic growth were also identified, according to the rate of per capita GDP growth at prefecture, autonomous prefecture and city. The relationships between different mineral resources and economic growth are different, for example, the relationship between economic growth and coal resource is positive, while the relationship between economic growth and oil resource, or natural gas resource is negative. This study empirically examines the effects of natural resources on economic growth of Xinjiang. The results show that whilst natural resources have a positive impact on growth, and can make a negative impact on growth through the transmission channels, such as investment, manufacture, human capital, and scientific and technologic innovation. Moreover, it studies the transmission channels, that is, the effect of natural resources on the other explanatory variables, and calculates the indirect effect of natural resources on growth for each transmission channel, and comprehensive effects of natural resources on growth. The calculated result of comprehensive effects indicates that the positive direct effects of natural resources on growth are shown to outweigh the negative indirect effect of Xinjiang autonomous region.

Passive Design and Building Renovation in the Mediterranean Area： New Sensitive Approach for Sustainability

The criteria of sustainable design have been already received for reducing heating energy consumption （i.e. Passivhaus standard and first fulfillment of the EPDB Directive）. Nowadays, many research are being involved to extend the passive standard to buildings in mild climate areas. Compared to building efficiency in the middle European area, the requirements for sustainable development of construction in the Mediterranean area imply an higher and more articulated passive control of outside/inside energy flows in order to extend energy efficiency measures to the whole year. This is based on an intense interaction between external climatic conditions and the building whole performance, with a dynamic behavior according to climate seasonal changes and inside comfort. Consequently, the integrated design of building fabrics, conceived not as separated components but as complex organism and system of interaction, increases its potential and strategic aim for reducing building consumptions of whole year in the mild climate. This paper demonstrates, both in new constructions and in the renovation of existing buildings, that the whole performance approach is the most suitable for sustainable design in a typical Mediterranean climate in order to increase the efficiency with controlled investments. The aim of this research is to show, through some case studies in Sardinia, that this sensitive and performance approach could optimize the ratio between economic costs and energy and environmental benefits. Only through an integrated and intelligent design of the architectural organism it is possible to achieve the new targets for sustainable building development, even for mild climate areas, required by European Directive 2002/91/EC.

Research on the Phase Change Solar Energy Fresh Air Thermal Storage System

In this article, a new kind of solar fresh air system is designed in order to realize the improvement of thermal efficiency by the integrated application of the PCMs and heat pipe technology. Under the adequate sunshine condition, the fresh air is directly delivered into the indoor environment after being heated by the solar collector. When the sun radiation is reduced, the heated air temperature can not satisfy the need of supply of air temperature.The main heat source is changed to phase change heat storage equipment instead of solar energy. The system adopt heat pipe for a high-efficiency and isothermal heat transfer which recover the shortcomings of PCMs such as： low coefficient of thermal conductivity and poor thermal efficiency. This article establishes the physical model of phase change solar energy fresh air thermal storage system and creates the mathematical model of its unsteady heat transfer to simulate and analyse the operation process by using Fluent software. The results of the study show that, compared to normal fresh air system, the phase change solar energy fresh air thermal storage system has a significant improvement in energy saving and indoor comfort level and will play an important role in the energy sustainable development.

China and Papua New Guinea Benefit from Energy Cooperation

A rise in Chinese investment is leading to development of the resource-rich country–Papua New Guinea.With more than 60 percent of the landmass in Papua New Guinea still to be explored,particularly in the oil and gas sector,it is not surprising that the country is attracting so much international interest.

Development of Biomass Utilization in Latvia

This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of the Latvian energy sector. In recent year＇s, Latvian energy sector development analysis shows, that there is a positive tendency--an increase of local and renewable energy share of energy balance. The paper will be identified for future development opporttmities, and will undertake an analysis of renewable energy consumption forecasting in accordance with the renewable energy potential assessment, taking into account the effective use of innovative technologies and ecological aspects of the energy sector. Increasing use of biomass for district heating （and cogeneration）, also increase the efficient use ofbiomass in cost efficiency and reducing of GHG emissions. Efficient use of biomass analyzed in the paper, taking into account technical, legislative, institutional/organizational, economic, information and financial aspects. Promoting of the efficient use of biomass will increase national energy independence.

Influence path and effect of climate change on geopolitical pattern

Marked by the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen 2009, climate change is shaping the new pattern for future geopolitics with unprecedented drive. Climate change has surpassed the category of pure environment problem and become a focal issue in international relations. Driven by climate change, new changes have taken place in the evolution of geopolitical pattern. (1) Geopolitical contention expands into new fields and regions. (2) Measures and tools of geopolitical contention become more diversified. (3) Main bodies of geopolitical gambling are divided into different groups. With the development of politicization, climate change has become the significant driving force that can influence the evolution of geopolitical pattern. Measures, sphere and contents of geopolitical contention changed dramatically, carbon emission permits, carbon tariff and new energy technology turned into the key points of geopolitical contention. Climate change acts on the evolution of geopolitical pattern through three main paths: "Feedback effect", "Trace back effect", and "Ripple effect", and they exert influence on geopolitical pattern with three impacts: "Depression effect", "Traceability effect", and "Diffusion effect". We draw several conclusions from the analysis: (1) Climate change gradually becomes one of the most active driving forces to impact on the evolution of geopolitical pattern in the present world and it diversifies the geopolitical targets. (2) Climate change generates new geopolitical tools. The developed countries use climate change as a "Lever" to pry strategic resources like energy and grain and the geopolitical means are in a more secretive way. (3) Low-carbon technology, with new energy technology as the core, becomes the key factor of geopolitical influence and power transition. Those who can take advantage of new energy technologies will occupy the leading position in future's climate change negotiations and geopolitical competition.

Facile synthesis of nickel cobalt selenide hollow nanospheres as efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air battery

Designing high active,low cost and bifunctional electrocatalysts is urgent for developing clean energy storage and conversion systems.Transition metal selenides exhibit optimal electronic conductivity and tunable physicochemical properties,which endow them with potential for efficient electrocatalysts to facilitate the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions(ORR and OER).Herein,hollow NixCo0.85-xSe nanospheres were synthesized using a facile polyol based solution chemical method.The NixCo0.85-xSe exhibits an onset overpotential of 0.89 V for ORR,and an overpotential of 305 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^-2 for OER.Moreover,the NixCo0.85-xSe based Zn-air battery displays remarkable specific capacity and durability.Such superior catalytic performances can be attributed to the synergistic effect,large specific surface area and enhanced electron transfer rate.This approach provides a new way to design highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy storage and utilization.