乳腺癌(breast cancer,BC)是一种高度异质性的疾病,临床上根据雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)的表达状态进行分类,以指导治疗决策,从而显著改善BC患者的预后[1]。三阴性乳腺癌(riple-negative breast cance...乳腺癌(breast cancer,BC)是一种高度异质性的疾病,临床上根据雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)的表达状态进行分类,以指导治疗决策,从而显著改善BC患者的预后[1]。三阴性乳腺癌(riple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)中ER、PR、和Her-2的表达均为阴性。展开更多
肝X受体(liver X receptors,LXRs)包括LXRα(NR1H3)和LXRβ(NR1H2)两种亚型,对机体的生理活动尤其代谢过程具有重要的调节作用。近年研究发现,LXRs可通过调控一系列信号转导通路抑制癌细胞增殖、侵袭、诱导凋亡等进而影响前列腺癌、乳...肝X受体(liver X receptors,LXRs)包括LXRα(NR1H3)和LXRβ(NR1H2)两种亚型,对机体的生理活动尤其代谢过程具有重要的调节作用。近年研究发现,LXRs可通过调控一系列信号转导通路抑制癌细胞增殖、侵袭、诱导凋亡等进而影响前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤、白血病等多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展,成为癌症治疗新靶点。因此本文主要就LXRs在癌症网络调控的研究进展进行综述。展开更多
Prostate cancer （PCa） incidence and mortality have decreased in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains one of the most prevalent cancers in men, being a disquieting cause of men＇s death worldwide. Changes in many ce...Prostate cancer （PCa） incidence and mortality have decreased in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains one of the most prevalent cancers in men, being a disquieting cause of men＇s death worldwide. Changes in many cell signaling pathways have a predominant role in the onset, development, and progression of the disease. These include prominent pathways involved in the growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of the normal prostate gland, such as an- drogen and estrogen signaling, and other growth factor signaling pathways. Understanding the foundations of PCa is leading to the discovery of key molecules that could be used to improve patient management. The ideal scenario would be to have a panel of molecules, preferably detectable in body fluids, that are specific and sensitive biomarkers for PCa In the early stages, androgen deprivation is the gold standard therapy. However, as the cancer progresses, it even- tually becomes independent of androgens, and hormonal therapy fails. For this reason, androgen-independent PCa is still a major therapeutic challenge. By disrupting specific protein interactions or manipulating the expression of some key molecules, it might be possible to regulate tumor growth and metastasis formation, avoiding the systemic side effects of current therapies. Clinical trials are already underway to assess the efficacy of molecules specially designed to target key proteins or protein interactions. In this review, we address that recent progress made towards under- standing PCa development and the molecular pathways underlying this pathology. We also discuss relevant molecular markers for the management of PCa and new therapeutic challenges.展开更多
文摘乳腺癌(breast cancer,BC)是一种高度异质性的疾病,临床上根据雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)的表达状态进行分类,以指导治疗决策,从而显著改善BC患者的预后[1]。三阴性乳腺癌(riple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)中ER、PR、和Her-2的表达均为阴性。
文摘肝X受体(liver X receptors,LXRs)包括LXRα(NR1H3)和LXRβ(NR1H2)两种亚型,对机体的生理活动尤其代谢过程具有重要的调节作用。近年研究发现,LXRs可通过调控一系列信号转导通路抑制癌细胞增殖、侵袭、诱导凋亡等进而影响前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、黑色素瘤、白血病等多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展,成为癌症治疗新靶点。因此本文主要就LXRs在癌症网络调控的研究进展进行综述。
基金Project supported by Fundao para a Ciência e Tecnologia(FCT)(PTDC/QUI-BIQ/118492/2010)Fundo Europeu de Desenvol-vimento Regional(FEDER)(FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-020895),Portugal
文摘Prostate cancer （PCa） incidence and mortality have decreased in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains one of the most prevalent cancers in men, being a disquieting cause of men＇s death worldwide. Changes in many cell signaling pathways have a predominant role in the onset, development, and progression of the disease. These include prominent pathways involved in the growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of the normal prostate gland, such as an- drogen and estrogen signaling, and other growth factor signaling pathways. Understanding the foundations of PCa is leading to the discovery of key molecules that could be used to improve patient management. The ideal scenario would be to have a panel of molecules, preferably detectable in body fluids, that are specific and sensitive biomarkers for PCa In the early stages, androgen deprivation is the gold standard therapy. However, as the cancer progresses, it even- tually becomes independent of androgens, and hormonal therapy fails. For this reason, androgen-independent PCa is still a major therapeutic challenge. By disrupting specific protein interactions or manipulating the expression of some key molecules, it might be possible to regulate tumor growth and metastasis formation, avoiding the systemic side effects of current therapies. Clinical trials are already underway to assess the efficacy of molecules specially designed to target key proteins or protein interactions. In this review, we address that recent progress made towards under- standing PCa development and the molecular pathways underlying this pathology. We also discuss relevant molecular markers for the management of PCa and new therapeutic challenges.
