The requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutritional management of newborn infants,especially premature newborn and intestinal-failure infants.Since their feeding may increase the risk of...The requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutritional management of newborn infants,especially premature newborn and intestinal-failure infants.Since their feeding may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis,some high-risk infants receive a small volume of feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral feeding.This review summarizes the current research progress in the nutritional management of newborn infants.Searches of MEDLINE (1998-2007),Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library,Issue 3,2007),abstracts and conference proceedings,references from relevant publications in the English language were performed,showing that breast milk is the preferred source of nutrients for enteral feeding of newborn infants.The number of nutrients found in human milk was recommended as a guideline in establishing the minimum and maximum levels in infant formulas.The fear of necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerance are the major factors limiting the use of the enteral route as the primary means of nourishing premature infants.PN may help to meet many of the nutritional needs of these infants,but has significant detrimental side effects.Trophic feedings (small volume of feeding given at the same rate for at least 5 d) during PN are a strategy to enhance the feeding tolerance and decrease the side effects of PN and the time to achieve full feeding.Human milk is a key component of any strategy for enteral nutrition of all infants.However,the amounts of calcium,phosphorus,zinc and other nutrients are inadequate to meet the needs of the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during growth.Therefore,safe and effective means to fortify human milk are essential to the care of VLBW infants.展开更多
AIM:To better understand the clinical significance of hepatitis B seroiogic markers in babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers, the incidence of maternal seroiogic markers of hepatitis B vi...AIM:To better understand the clinical significance of hepatitis B seroiogic markers in babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers, the incidence of maternal seroiogic markers of hepatitis B via placenta and its transformation in these babies were investigated. METHODS: Mothers with positive HBsAg were selected in the third trimester of pregnancy. Their babies received immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine after birth, and were consecutively followed up for hepatitis B seroiogic markers and HBV DNA at birth, mo 1, 4, 7, 12, and 24. RESULTS: Forty-two babies entered the study, including 16 born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive HBsAg carrier mothers and 26 to HBeAg-negative HBsAg carrier mothers. Apart from four babies born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers and demonstrated persistent positive HBeAg eventually became HBV carriers, all other babies developed anti-HBs before 12 mo of age. Among the other 12 babies born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers, HBeAg was detected in 7 at birth, in 4 at mo 1, and in none of them thereafter. No antibody response to the transplacental HBeAg was detected. Among the babies born to HBeAg-negative carrier mothers, anti-HBe was detected 100% at birth and mo 1, in 88.5% at mo 4, in 46.2% at mo 7, in 4.2% at mo 12 and none in mo 24. Among all the immunoprophylaxis-protected babies born to either HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative carrier mothers, anti-HBc was detected in 100% at birth, mo 1 and mo 4, in 78.9% at mo 7, in 36.1% at mo 12 and in none at mo 24. CONCLUSION: HBeAg can pass through human placenta from mother to fetus and become undetectable before 4 mo of age, but no antibodies response to the transplacental HBeAg can be detected till mo 24 in the immunoprophylaxis-protected babies. The sole existence of anti-HBe before 1 year of age or anti-HBc before 2 years of age in babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers may simply represent the transplacental maternal antibodies, instead of indicators of HBV infection status.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effect of combined acupuncture and rehabilitation on intelligence and motor development of high risk infants with perinatal brain injuries. Methods： Ninety-seven survived cases in the n...Objective： To investigate the effect of combined acupuncture and rehabilitation on intelligence and motor development of high risk infants with perinatal brain injuries. Methods： Ninety-seven survived cases in the neonatal intensive care unit （NICU） were allocated into a treatment group of 53 cases and a control group of 44 cases following the consent of the parents. Cases in the treatment group were treated by combined acupuncture and rehabilitation; whereas cases in the control group were treated by conventional child care methods. Systemic follow-up has been made for 2 years. Then the infants＇ intelligence was evaluated respectively in the 6th, 12th and 34th months. Results： Compared with the control group, the mental development indexes （MDI） and physical development indexes （PDI） in the treatment group were increased by 14.96 and 9.82 respectively. There was a significant difference （χ2=8.1659, P〈0.01 ） in the abnormal intelligence rates between the treatment group （15.1%） and the control group （40.9%,）. Conclusion： Combined acupuncture and rehabilitation can effectively improve the mental and physical development of high-risk infants with perinatal brain injuries. Additionally, this therapy can decrease the disability rates and increase the infants＇ quality of life.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the outcomes of current studies regarding the beneficial effects of infant massage therapy. Method： Firstly, some common knowledge related to massage is provided. Subsequently, research-based ...Objective： To evaluate the outcomes of current studies regarding the beneficial effects of infant massage therapy. Method： Firstly, some common knowledge related to massage is provided. Subsequently, research-based evidence on massage effects in neonatal unit has been examined, particularly on premature babies and newborns with jaundice. Result and Conclusion： the practice of massage therapy promotes the development of preterm babies and the treatment of neonates with jaundice generally safe, however the methodology employed in reviewed studies is of certain limitations, such as a lack of RCT with large sample size, inadequate follow-up period.展开更多
文摘The requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutritional management of newborn infants,especially premature newborn and intestinal-failure infants.Since their feeding may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis,some high-risk infants receive a small volume of feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral feeding.This review summarizes the current research progress in the nutritional management of newborn infants.Searches of MEDLINE (1998-2007),Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library,Issue 3,2007),abstracts and conference proceedings,references from relevant publications in the English language were performed,showing that breast milk is the preferred source of nutrients for enteral feeding of newborn infants.The number of nutrients found in human milk was recommended as a guideline in establishing the minimum and maximum levels in infant formulas.The fear of necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerance are the major factors limiting the use of the enteral route as the primary means of nourishing premature infants.PN may help to meet many of the nutritional needs of these infants,but has significant detrimental side effects.Trophic feedings (small volume of feeding given at the same rate for at least 5 d) during PN are a strategy to enhance the feeding tolerance and decrease the side effects of PN and the time to achieve full feeding.Human milk is a key component of any strategy for enteral nutrition of all infants.However,the amounts of calcium,phosphorus,zinc and other nutrients are inadequate to meet the needs of the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during growth.Therefore,safe and effective means to fortify human milk are essential to the care of VLBW infants.
基金Supported by the Key-Subject Construction Project of Ministry of Public Health of China,No.97030223the young researcher grant from Children's Hospital of Fudan University,No.QN2001-5 Co-first-authors: Jian-She Wang and Hui Chen
文摘AIM:To better understand the clinical significance of hepatitis B seroiogic markers in babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers, the incidence of maternal seroiogic markers of hepatitis B via placenta and its transformation in these babies were investigated. METHODS: Mothers with positive HBsAg were selected in the third trimester of pregnancy. Their babies received immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine after birth, and were consecutively followed up for hepatitis B seroiogic markers and HBV DNA at birth, mo 1, 4, 7, 12, and 24. RESULTS: Forty-two babies entered the study, including 16 born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive HBsAg carrier mothers and 26 to HBeAg-negative HBsAg carrier mothers. Apart from four babies born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers and demonstrated persistent positive HBeAg eventually became HBV carriers, all other babies developed anti-HBs before 12 mo of age. Among the other 12 babies born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers, HBeAg was detected in 7 at birth, in 4 at mo 1, and in none of them thereafter. No antibody response to the transplacental HBeAg was detected. Among the babies born to HBeAg-negative carrier mothers, anti-HBe was detected 100% at birth and mo 1, in 88.5% at mo 4, in 46.2% at mo 7, in 4.2% at mo 12 and none in mo 24. Among all the immunoprophylaxis-protected babies born to either HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative carrier mothers, anti-HBc was detected in 100% at birth, mo 1 and mo 4, in 78.9% at mo 7, in 36.1% at mo 12 and in none at mo 24. CONCLUSION: HBeAg can pass through human placenta from mother to fetus and become undetectable before 4 mo of age, but no antibodies response to the transplacental HBeAg can be detected till mo 24 in the immunoprophylaxis-protected babies. The sole existence of anti-HBe before 1 year of age or anti-HBc before 2 years of age in babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers may simply represent the transplacental maternal antibodies, instead of indicators of HBV infection status.
文摘Objective： To investigate the effect of combined acupuncture and rehabilitation on intelligence and motor development of high risk infants with perinatal brain injuries. Methods： Ninety-seven survived cases in the neonatal intensive care unit （NICU） were allocated into a treatment group of 53 cases and a control group of 44 cases following the consent of the parents. Cases in the treatment group were treated by combined acupuncture and rehabilitation; whereas cases in the control group were treated by conventional child care methods. Systemic follow-up has been made for 2 years. Then the infants＇ intelligence was evaluated respectively in the 6th, 12th and 34th months. Results： Compared with the control group, the mental development indexes （MDI） and physical development indexes （PDI） in the treatment group were increased by 14.96 and 9.82 respectively. There was a significant difference （χ2=8.1659, P〈0.01 ） in the abnormal intelligence rates between the treatment group （15.1%） and the control group （40.9%,）. Conclusion： Combined acupuncture and rehabilitation can effectively improve the mental and physical development of high-risk infants with perinatal brain injuries. Additionally, this therapy can decrease the disability rates and increase the infants＇ quality of life.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the outcomes of current studies regarding the beneficial effects of infant massage therapy. Method： Firstly, some common knowledge related to massage is provided. Subsequently, research-based evidence on massage effects in neonatal unit has been examined, particularly on premature babies and newborns with jaundice. Result and Conclusion： the practice of massage therapy promotes the development of preterm babies and the treatment of neonates with jaundice generally safe, however the methodology employed in reviewed studies is of certain limitations, such as a lack of RCT with large sample size, inadequate follow-up period.
