孕晚期胎羊作为供肝来源的解剖可行性实验研究

目的探讨孕晚期胎羊的肝脏作为肝移植供肝来源的外科解剖可行性。方法从9只孕晚期胎羊中取出其肝脏,修肝,测量其重量、各管道外径等,并与16只新生羊的肝脏相比较。结果孕125～135 d胎羊的体重较小(<1 000 g),血管较细、较脆,在修肝过程中缝线牵引时,肝上和肝下下腔静脉极易撕脱。孕142～145 d的胎羊体重达1 050～1 560 g,在修肝过程中肝上和肝下下腔静脉无牵引线撕脱现象,与出生9 d内新生羊的肝脏在管径上相差不大,可以直接进行外科吻合;其门静脉较小,可用其脐静脉与新生羊的门静脉进行外科吻合;动脉吻合宜将胎羊腹主动脉上开口处修剪成袢与受体的相应动脉吻合;胆道重建则选择胎羊胆囊与新生羊的小肠或总胆管吻合。结论体重小于1 000 g的胎羊(孕135 d以内)不宜作为肝移植的供体;而孕142～145 d胎羊的胎肝可作为1周内新生羊原位肝移植和较大新生羊辅助肝移植的供肝,在外科解剖上是可行的。

妊娠末期胎儿胎盘血液循环的超声检测

目的探讨胎盘脐带血流指标与新生儿体重、羊水量及胎盘重量的关系。方法利用超声对102例孕妇产前2周内进行胎盘及脐带血流测定,分娩后记录新生儿身高、体重、胎盘重量及羊水量,并分析其相关性。结果102例正常妊娠、胎盘重量与新生儿体重呈高度相关关系,脐动脉、脐静脉血流量与胎盘重量之间无明显依赖性。胎盘重量与脐动脉收缩期速度/舒张期速度、舒张期速度/收缩期速度之间,脐动脉血流量与羊水量之间、脐动脉RI与羊水量之间均呈低度相关。结论新生儿体重与胎盘重量呈正相关,妊娠终期羊水量与胎盘、脐带血流指标无明显相关,脐带血流速度频谱S/D比值是观察胎盘血管阻力的重要指标。

Cloning,Sequence Analysis and Amino Acid Structure Prediction of TLR9 Gene from Wild Ovis ammon in Xinjiang

[Objective] The study aimed at cloning and identifying the toll receptor gene 9（TLR9） of wild Ovis ammon in Xinjiang,and predicting its structure and function.[Method] The TLR9 complete sequence of wild Ovis ammon was cloned from its peripheral blood by PCR technology.Then the PCR products were purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and then sequenced.Finally,the structure and function of TLR9 sequence were predicted by molecular biological software.[Result] The complete sequence of TLR9 gene was 3 192 bp in length,encoding 1 064 amino acids with a signal peptide composed of 30 amino acids;the leucine percentage reached as high as 18.5%.The TLR9 amino acid possibly contained three hydrophobic regions,at amino acids 455-475,740-760 and 780-800.The 3-D structure of TLR9 was constructed by the extracellular LRR domain and intracellular TIL domain（Toll/IL IR）.[Conclusion] The characteristics of TLR9 provided theoretical basis for further study on the TLR9 gene of wild Ovis ammon in Xinjiang.

Expression of Endogenous Beta Retroviruses and Hyal-2 mRNA in Immune Organs of Fetuses and Lambs

Endogenous beta retroviruses (enJSRV) are highly homologous with Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (exJSRV),this exogenous retrovirus is the aetiological agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The aim of this study was to clarify the function of enJSRV and the immunological mechanisms of its corresponding antibody, that is undetectable in JSRV-infected ovine serum. The expression of enJSRV envelope protein and Hyal-2 mRNA in immune organs and lungs of ovine fetuses and lambs were analyzed by Real-Time reverse transcription PCR and In Situ Hybridization using specific probes. In Situ Hybridization results indicated that the enJSRV envelope protein and Hyal-2 mRNA were expressed in thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs at different times, while no positive signals were detected in the negative controls. On the other hand, results from Real-Time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that in 130d fetuses and 3d newborn lambs the enJSRV mRNA levels were much higher in organs associated with the immune system than that in lungs, especially in the thymus and spleen, but levels of Hyal-2 mRNA expression was not significantly different in all collected tissue. These results provided evidence from an immunology point of view to understand why the circulating antibodies against exJSRV are undetectable in JSRV-infected ovine, and will help to unravel the pathogenesis of JSRV-infected ovine.

Life in Kazuo Ishiguro＇s Never Let Me Go

With the announcement of the sheep clone Dolly as the breakthrough in the biotechnology in news media around the turn of the twenty-first century, the rising issue of human clones in its development and the controversially bioethical issues ensued, Kazuo Ishiguro in Never Let Me Go （2005） focuses his attention, in the area of cell therapy, on how human clones, since produced, lead their model lives and face their deaths, in order that his readers may better understand the meanings of life and death, and that they may stay in a far closer relationship with their family and friends than ever. In this essay, I examine, in two worlds, the normals＇ and the clones＇, paralleling each other, the true meanings of being human and their lives through the perspective of Jacques Derrida＇s deconstruction; and I argue that Ishiguro misspeaks to his readers the true meanings of life and death especially through the clones＇ perspective and brings them to his readers＇ hearts further realistically. In Derrida＇s nature-culture structurality of the clones, it is Kathy H. who comes as center into which the other clones come as freeplay in the structurality of the real world, where it is normals who come as center into which clones come as freeplay under the structurality of power in the institutions where the clones＇ culture comes as center into which Miss Emily＇s ruling comes as freeplay by the structurality of authorship where the author comes as center into which the novel comes as freeplay.

孕肚大 孩子更壮实?

在怀孕过程中,有的孕妇在怀孕初期肚子就很大,有的孕妇即使在快要分娩的时候肚子依然很小,这是怎么回事呢？孕妇肚子大小和什么有关？本期＂妇产医生手记＂医生带你一解心中困惑。Q孕肚大,胎儿就大吗？本期我们要讨论一个比较常见的孕期误区,很多准妈妈都认为,孕肚大,胎儿就大,孩子会更加壮实,真的是这样吗？胎儿的大小,其实很难从孕肚大小来分辨。有的时候,即使快到要生了,孕妇的肚子依旧看起来不大,生出的新生儿体重也正常。