In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitt...In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.展开更多
Despite a large number of studies examining the effects of abiotic stress factors on plants,the mechanistic explanations of drought-induced tree mortality remain inconclusive and even less is known about how multiple ...Despite a large number of studies examining the effects of abiotic stress factors on plants,the mechanistic explanations of drought-induced tree mortality remain inconclusive and even less is known about how multiple stressors interact.The role of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)in preventing or postponing drought mortality is gaining attention.Here,we tested the role of NSCs in mitigating the effects of drought and salinity in New Zealand mangroves,Avicennia marina subsp.australasica.We experimentally manipulated plant NSC levels,prior to subjecting them to combinations of drought and salinity.Plant growth and survival rates were 2-and 3-fold higher in the high-NSC(H-NSC)group than in the low-NSC(L-NSC)group under high salinity and drought conditions,respectively.After 12 weeks under high salinity-high drought conditions,the H-NSC group showed higher stem hydraulic conductivity(281±50 mmol cm^(−1)s^(−1)MPa^(−1))compared with the L-NSC group(134±40 mmol cm^(−1)s^(−1)MPa^(−1)).Although starch levels remained relatively constant,we found a 20%increase in soluble sugars in the stems of H-NSC group under high drought and high salinity in week 8 compared with week 12.Our results suggest(i)an important role of NSCs in mitigating the effects of low soil water potential caused by drought and salinity,and(ii)sink-limited growth under conditions of combined salinity and drought.展开更多
文摘In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.
文摘Despite a large number of studies examining the effects of abiotic stress factors on plants,the mechanistic explanations of drought-induced tree mortality remain inconclusive and even less is known about how multiple stressors interact.The role of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)in preventing or postponing drought mortality is gaining attention.Here,we tested the role of NSCs in mitigating the effects of drought and salinity in New Zealand mangroves,Avicennia marina subsp.australasica.We experimentally manipulated plant NSC levels,prior to subjecting them to combinations of drought and salinity.Plant growth and survival rates were 2-and 3-fold higher in the high-NSC(H-NSC)group than in the low-NSC(L-NSC)group under high salinity and drought conditions,respectively.After 12 weeks under high salinity-high drought conditions,the H-NSC group showed higher stem hydraulic conductivity(281±50 mmol cm^(−1)s^(−1)MPa^(−1))compared with the L-NSC group(134±40 mmol cm^(−1)s^(−1)MPa^(−1)).Although starch levels remained relatively constant,we found a 20%increase in soluble sugars in the stems of H-NSC group under high drought and high salinity in week 8 compared with week 12.Our results suggest(i)an important role of NSCs in mitigating the effects of low soil water potential caused by drought and salinity,and(ii)sink-limited growth under conditions of combined salinity and drought.
