科学与技术知识融合中的新近性与时域性作用研究

探究专利吸收科学与技术知识的时间属性特征及其对专利创新结果的影响,有助于提升对知识吸收中时间效应的理解。利用专利的引文时滞,采用新近性和时域性表征专利吸收知识的新近程度与时间跨度,基于1979—2013年申请的2,563,948项目标专利,6,693,213项引用专利与3,978,556篇引用论文,分析专利吸收科学与技术知识的新近性与时域性分布,并探究时间属性与专利影响力的不确定性之间的关系。结果表明,电子工程领域专利依赖于新近的科学与技术知识,而化学相关领域则依赖于时间跨度更大的科学知识;与企业相比,高等院校与政府机构倾向于利用更新和时间跨度更小的知识。广义负二项回归结果表明,高新近性的科学与技术知识、高时域性的技术知识会显著增加专利影响力的不确定性,而高时域性的科学知识会降低专利影响力的不确定性。

时序信息提取机制的探索

对时序信息加工的经典研究是采用新近性判断范型，结果发现其提取机制是以新近性为基础的逆向串行搜索过程。本研究采用新近性判断范型和早远性判断范型对时序信息的提取机制进行了深入的考察，结果表明：（ｌ）提取时序信息既存在逆向串行搜索，又存在顺向串行搜索；（２）早远性判断和新近性判断任务对不同部分时序信息恢复的效应不同，其中早远性判断易化早远部分，新近性判断易化新近部分──表现为对相应部分辨别力的提高和正确反应潜伏期的缩短；（３）在不同的时序信息提取任务中，被试会根据具体条件进行反转反应。

时序信息和空间信息在工作记忆中的分离存储

采用相对新近性判断范式(judgments of relative recency),通过三个实验探讨了工作记忆中时序信息和空间信息的存储方式及其关系。实验一比较了有无空间线索两种条件下时序信息的记忆绩效,结果发现,有无空间线索并不影响对时序信息的记忆。实验二和实验三通过控制刺激呈现的视野范围和减少呈现位置的不确定性来利化空间线索,结果表明,时序信息的记忆绩效也不受空间线索的影响。由此推论,工作记忆中的时序信息和空间信息是分离编码存储的,加入空间线索并不能提高时序信息的记忆绩效。

渗流方程的第一边值问题

运用上、下解方法讨论了含吸收项第一边值问题弱解的存在性、唯一性、局部正则性,分界面的连续性,弱解的渐近性。

Oncholaimus zhangi sp. nov. (Oncholaimidae, Nematoda) from the intertidal zone of the East China Sea

A new species of free-living marine nematode is described from intertidal sediment of the East China Sea.The new species belongs to the Oncholaimidae family.Oncholaimus zhangi sp.nov.is characterized by males having a large ventral swelling situated just posterior to the middle of the tail,no precloacal papilla,and a row of 6–7 ventral genital setae.The tails of both males and females are similar,being conico-cylindrical in shape.The new species is distinguished from other closely related species by the presence of a prominent ventral swelling at the tail of males and a similar tail shape in both sexes.About 110valid species in this genus have been recorded to date.

浅谈长短增湿孔在场地土增湿作业中的应用

对湿陷性场地的处理首要必须关键是解决是黄土增湿的问题。只有场地土含水率达到最优含水率时才能对地基进行处理。本文在阐述兰州新区东南片区某地块土层特点的基础上,分析黄土湿陷的因素和增湿效应对整个工程建设的影响,并就长短增湿孔在场地土增湿作业中的应用问题进行探究,旨在能够地区施工作业提供更多的支持。

Estimating the Fresh Vegetables Demand System in Jordan： A Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System

The main objective of this research is to estimate the different types of demand elasticities for the main fresh vegetables consumed in Jordan. The estimated elasticities can be used to measure the impacts of agricultural policies and can be used to predict future consumption in the context of food security in terms of access, availability, stability, and food quality. The reported demand estimates were obtained through the estimation of a Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand Systems （LA/AIDS） for Jordan fresh vegetable crops demand system using the most recent cross-sectional data of household expenditure survey in 2005. A censored regression method for the system of equations was used to analyze fresh vegetables consumption patterns. This method allows for inclusion of a large number of zero consumption for some foods through two-step demand system estimation. All of the own-price demand elasticities have the correct negative signs and statistically significant. According to the expenditure elasticity, tomato, cucumber, and potato are the necessity goods. The mean budget shares indicate that consumers spend 30 percent of their allocated budget to vegetables on tomatoes and potatoes. The green bean elasticity is the highest indicating that demand for beans is highly responsive to any changes in the price. The expenditure elasticities reveal that the demand on all vegetables is expected to grow over the coming few years. High own-price elasticities of all vegetables studied suggests that any changes in the prices of these crops could bring about a significant shift in fruits and vegetable constanption patterns.

Underestimated ^(14)C-based chronology of late Pleistocene high lake-level events over the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas: Evidence from the Qaidam Basin and Tengger Desert

The palaeolake evolution across the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas has been extensively studied, but the timing of late Pleistocene lake highstands remains controversial. Robust dating of lacustrine deposits is of importance in resolving this issue. This paper presents 14 C or optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) age estimates from two sets of late Quaternary lacustrine sequences in the Qaidam Basin and Tengger Desert(northeastern Tibetan Plateau). The updated dating results show:(1) the radiocarbon dating technique apparently underestimated the age of the strata of >30 ka BP in Qaidam Basin;(2) although OSL and 14 C dating agreed with each other for Holocene age samples in the Tengger Desert area, there was a significant offset in dating results of sediments older than ~30 ka BP, largely resulting from radiocarbon dating underestimation;(3) both cases imply that most of the published radiocarbon ages(e.g., older than ~30 ka BP) should be treated with caution and perhaps its geological implication should be revaluated; and(4) the high lake events on the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas, traditionally assigned to MIS 3a based on 14 C dating, are likely older than ~80 ka based on OSL chronology.