新材料产业:国家对哪些项目给予支持

由于材料研究前期投入较大,时间较长,因此材料领域的发展主要依靠国家政策及资金的支持。国家计委已建立材料领域国家工程研究中心16个;科技部巳建立材料领域国家工程技术研究中心23个;国家计委投资建设、现交科技部管理的材料领域国家重点实验室25个。“八五”期间,我国新材料研究与开发投入的经费总额每年为4亿～5亿元,其中国家（政府和公共部门）投入约占79％,企业的投入约占18％,其他投入约占3％。

论传统工业改造与新兴工业的发展

纵观当今世界传统工业和新兴工业的发展趋势,可以看出:第一,世界各国纷纷制定“抓住机遇,迎接挑战”的立国之策,无不将新兴工业放在十分重要的位置上。第二,在改造传统工业、发展新兴工业问题上,各国的基本对策各有侧重。如美、日、欧等发达国家在“改造和发展”上以发展为主;发展中国家则多采取“有限目标、重点突破”的方针,以新兴带传统,以传统养新兴,以新兴为先导,以传统为基本、为主体。在世界范围内,传统工业仍将在较长时期内保持主体地位和旺盛的发展势头,我国属于发展中国家,迫切需要通过改造、更新。

Optimization and competition promotion of industrial structure in Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone

Blue economic zone is a typical regional economic mode,which is specially characterized by marine economy and has multiple economic types coexisting and interacting through integrating marine and land resources.With the continuous progress of science and technology,marine economy as a strategy to promote economic development is approved in many countries.The Blue Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone(BSPEZ) reflects the local demands of economic development,and its upgrading and enhancing competitiveness of the industrial structure is also of obvious significance for enhancement of the development of eastern China and the national marine economy.This paper thinks that the BSPEZ has many advantages,such as unique marine economy,growing high-tech industries,more and more mature industrial system,advancing technological innovation,and outstanding big enterprises,large projects and regional bright brands,but it is also facing problems of low industry cluster,similar industrial structure with each other,still weak technological innovation.So we put forwards the basic approaches to upgrade and enhance the industrial structure:transforming and upgrading the traditional marine industries with advantages,accelerating the development of new marine industries and high-tech industries,integrating marine and land industry,and promoting the rational system arrangements.