新媒体语境下新闻游戏的生成逻辑

在新媒体重构传播主体、引发"信息超载"、变革传播交往关系的背景下,作为一种"新—新闻"探索的成果,新闻游戏仍然为"未来新闻业"开启了诸多可能性。这种情景化的、体验式的、互动性的新闻报道方式不仅符合"作为游戏的传播"的理论逻辑,亦得到新媒体技术的支持,并且体现了新媒体社会的文化逻辑,可视为对新闻业转型的一种回应。

Web Third-Person Effect Hypothesis： Do likes and Shares Affect Users＇ Perceptions？

This paper studies the web third-person effect （WTPE） hypothesis in the context of news websites and social media. Specifically, the study examines the role of social media metrics （i.e., shares and likes of news articles） in shaping users＇ opinion about the websites. Users＇ news sharing intention in social media is also investigated. Based on a structured online questionnaire （N = 7,404）, the results confirm that WTPE can be found in social media metrics without the presence of specific message content. It should be noted that the effect was found at three perceptual levels, self, friends, and other users. Regarding intention for news sharing, text was indicated as the most important reason among Internet users. Finally, the work demonstrates significant correlations between WTPE and article characteristics that influence people＇s attitudes to share news online.

Proximity and Framing in News Media： Effects on Credibility, Bias, Recall, and Reader Intentions

A writer＇s decision to localize a news article and the valence of the frame the writer employs can affect readers＇ perceptions of credibility and bias as well as readers＇ factual recall and the likelihood that readers would want to read the newspaper further. A 2 （proximity： local, non-local） ~ 3 （frame valence： positive, neutral, negative） factorial experiment （N = 136） tested the effects of proximity and frame valence on credibility, perceived bias, recall, and reading intentions. Articles that localized enjoyed greater perceptions of credibility but not recall, while articles with either a positive or negative frame yielded greater recall than articles with a neutral frame. Neither factor exhibited a main effect in predicting perceived bias, but their interaction was a significant predictor. In addition, localization and frame valence also influence the likelihood that participants would want to read the source newspaper again. Implications for theory and media practice are discussed.

Managing Our Past, Managing Our Future： Is there a ＂Right＂ Way of Remembrance？

In the spring of 1944, the Auschwitz-Birkenau death factory was still a top secret of the Third Reich and the Nazis used numerous ploys to entice their prospective victims into it. On April 7, 1944, two Slovak Jewish prisoners, Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler managed to escape Auschwitz-Birkenau and reveal its secrets. They further warned that specific arrangements had been made in the camp for the annihilation of the Hungarian Jews. The precious information was disseminated without delay to the Western world. It is not clear whether it reached the prospective victims： All boarded in good faith the ＂resettlement trains＂ that carried them to the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp, where most were immediately gassed. This specific story has been missing from most Israeli history textbooks in Hebrew. Following Winter＇s （2006） thesis, this paper tries to trace some of the official manipulation that were made in shaping the ＂right＂ form of remembrance.

CBS and NBC Expand Nightly News to 30 Minutes： A History of the 1963 Expansion

The year 1963 was pivotal for broadcast news. Walter Cronkite forever changed how the American people receive their news when he anchored the first 30 minute nightly news. During the 60s, television news had two strong rivals： the newspaper and the radio. The target audience for nightly newscasts was to a generation of people that were used to getting news elsewhere. Since people were familiar with getting the news from radio, news stations relayed the news the same way as it was done on the radio： as talking heads. In other words, the news stations used a trusted face to read the news to people without any improvements on presentation. This all changed when CBS and NBC saw a robust and lucrative future for the nightly news. This paper will outline the steps taken by the two networks to make an extended half hour evening news a reality.

An International Journalism Model of Professionalism in News Production： The Concepts and the Measurements

This study aimed to contribute in establishing an international journalism model of professionalism in the production of the news. The main purpose is to explore the degree to which this model predicts the professional values in the media content. In particular, this model was tested on the content of a leading news organization in the Middle East, AI Jazeera, to identify whether or not AI Jazeera reflected professional values in news production or other non-professional values. A total of 592 news stories--234 from AJE and 358 from AJA--published from January I, 2014, to April 30, 2014, were analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that AI Jazeera reflects professional values to a substantial degree. The professional values were reflected highly and nearly two thirds of the stories had professional values in the content. The chi square tests shows there are frequency/percentage differences, but overall the patterns are similar, with no statistically significant differences in the AJA and AlE. Scholarly implications, future studies and limitations were presented in this study.

Cognitive Model of the Journalist on Journalism under Newspaper Industry Transformation Period

In this paper, we conduct research on cognitive model of the journalist on journalism under newspaper industry transformation period. “Journalism” is the logical starting point of theoretical journalism system that is the most abstract, general concept of journalism. Therefore, analyzing the connotation and the essence of “news activities” has special significance and value to the whole journalism, that especially theoretical journalism. All of these activities, together with the news dissemination activities as the core of the news activities, are the broad news activities. From the perspective of journalism, these activities constitute the main object of the study of journalism, news on different areas of activity, form different areas or different branches of journalism. For this, the paper proposes the cognitive model of the journalist on the journalism under newspaper industry transformation period that will promote the further development.

Exploring Web News Translation The Problems and Strategy of Web News in Taiwan

Web news translation demands that translators work in a short time frame, and speed in transmitting information is vitally important in a highly competitive news market. However, they should still be concerned with quality control as the most important factor in grabbing the audience＇s attention. This paper uses statistical research to investigate American audiences＇ preferences for receiving news, and to identify the problems and questions of Web international news in Taiwan, focusing on three main news websites in Taiwan. The aim of this paper is to establish an argument that the translator could make a contribution to Taiwan＇s Web news production by using right strategies to improve the translation. By analyzing news websites in Taiwan and comparing new trends of Web news, this paper studies several strategies of Web news translation.

Maintaining Power by Guarding the Gates： Journalists＇ Perceptions of Audience Participation in Online Newspapers

Focus on audience participation in online news media has increased rapidly in recent years. Online newspapers offer their audience several opportunities to participate, for example, by submitting comments on articles or uploading pictures/videos. Audience participation has also emerged as a fast growing research field： The motives for focusing on audience participation have been analyzed and the kind of participatory opportunities that news media offer the audience have been mapped. Also, questions on whether audience participation should be regarded as an advantage or disadvantage to professional journalism have been discussed. This study relates to the latter perspective as it examines media practitioners＇ perceptions of audience participation. By focusing on the case of Swedish newspaper journalists, this study analyzes how audience participation is perceived to affect journalistic work and to what extent such participation is believed to benefit journalism. Based on a representative survey of Swedish journalists, conducted in 2011-2012, and a survey of journalists working at three local morning papers in Sweden, conducted in 2009, the analyses reveal a rather ambivalence attitude to audience participation among the journalistic corps.

Media Activism in Search of Truth： Questioning the Mission to Restore Sanity

For a young, media savvy, radically globalized generation, television as a platform for news has lost momentum. Ironically, however, in a media landscape with a variety of news providers competing for audiences and trust, television news parodies like The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Colbert Report attract new audiences as they seem to fill a gap. They succeed not only in entertaining and informing （even educating） a previously ＂deactivated＂, relatively young target audience, but also in initiating activism by using old and new （social） media. How can it be that a comedy show succeeds in promoting reason and gets young people to stand up for more sanity in politics and culture？ In the sense that, in this case, critical （subversive） practice comes fxom within the mainstream, is television, as the platform that has been criticized for ＂dumbing down＂ audiences （cf. Postman 1985）, actually becoming the solution for commitment7 In this constellation, what is the role of self-determined （intrinsic） and acquired （extrinsic） practices in relation to mobilized practices and practices determined by other factors？ And how do they work differently in comparison to the subversive practices of tactical media and media activism that question the methods of biopower？ This paper examines several responses to the （more and less serious） calls for action of the two shows and discusses their delicate role as entertainers, watchdogs, and activists for reason, sanity, and what is left of truth in the media. Furthermore, implications for critical media studies are considered by questioning the claims of education towards truth （of. Mitterer, 1983）.

Taking the ＂Local＂ out of Local News： Implications for an Informed Public

The meaning of ＂local＂ in TV news is not as straightforward as one might imagine. ＂Local＂ newscasts in several U.S. markets are outsourced to an independent company located hundreds of miles from the communities served. What are the implications of such a delivery system for coverage of local issues and the Jeffersonian ideal of an informed citizenry？ This study employs a content analysis of outsourced and local newscasts, using a data set of more than 1,000 stories from more than 30 hours of newscasts to determine if differences exist on story topics and source types. Does one type of station cover more public affairs stories than the other？ Does one type use more official sources, or more perspective from private individuals？ Even with the wide array of news sources currently available, local TV news still ranks as the most widely used information source. How well that source delivers information to local audiences is an important question to ask, particularly when the information may be coming from a great distance.

Innovations on Online Journalism： Discussing Social Business Design Models

The main focus of this paper is the analysis on how social business recent management proposals fit to a media/journalistic business environment. The discussion was based on three research questions focusing on： the drivers and the constraints of disruption innovation strategies; the adequate social business design framework to promote innovation; and an evaluation over the practices/experiences related to disruption, innovation, and creativity in journalistic businesses. A conceptual framework the Latour/Law Actor-Network Theory （ANT） has been taken as. Six possible dimensions of action to make this framework valuable some successful practices have also been identified, and in this paper the authors view over these concepts. The main conclusion goes through the understanding of journalistic culture and legitimacy embedded for centuries over society, and to change this will depend on multiple enablers.

＂Painting with Words＂： ＂Social Justice＂ Protest＇s Narrative in the Israeli＇ s News

This article analyzes the role of the media during the 2011 social protests in Israel, in order to examine why the ＂Social Justice＂ protest proved more effective than any other social protest organized previously in Israel. Scholars have shown that media fi＇aming has a powerful effect on citizen perception and policy debates. The social protests focused on the political-social-economic policy based on a neo-liberal ideology. They signified the beginnings of resistance to the system and became the focus of public and media identification via reports published by leading Israeli newspapers： Yedioth Ahronoth and lsrael Hayom. Using content analysis, the author explore how the media plays an important role to shape the public perception of how to think and act about the protest. Due to the results, we evident the expand media capacity and influence, and that these effects are mediated in presenting positive and supportive coverage, including connotations and metaphors expressed by means of familiar slogans and events in the collective memory of Israeli society. Additionally, the expression ＂social justice＂ that became the protest＇s slogan, offered a broad common basis with which each citizen could identify, including journalists.

＂My Newscast＂ Is No Longer Ours

With this article we aim to propose an analytical alternative to what we could call the substitution and condemnation of the spectator as an element of the new technological apparatuses. Actually, what we see in many of the current reflections on new media is that while the spectator is being accused of ultimate passivity, he is also being mobilized to emancipated action as an empowered user. Through the critique of an online application available on Portuguese Radio Television （RTP）＇s website, the state-owned television network, called 0 Meu Telejornal1, we will try to demonstrate that we actually need to develop a spectator theory to critically understand the political position of the citizen within our changing contemporary media environment.

When Codes Collide： Journalists Push Back Digital Desecration

In an examination of the contemporary transformation of journalism at a granular level, this article exposes the process at work in the cultural construction of crisis and struggles for institutional experimentation in the New Orleans based The Times-Picayune. Layoffs and a digital-first strategy in 2012 triggered public outcry that strongly polluted the changes as anti-democratic. A narrative analysis of articles published in a variety of media and in-depth interviews with journalists and editors showed that events were related to broad and systemic cultural values, a core cultural structure inherent in every journalistic institution--including The Times- Picayune. In their narrative dimension, journalistic stories took the form of a moral texture that, in turn, fostered civil interpretations and reactions. The available narratives of the changes were--and still are--filtered, selected, and outlined from those core values.