N形方主管圆支管相贯节点受力性能试验研究

对10个N形方主管圆支管相贯节点进行了静力性能试验研究。试验节点包括6个内隐蔽部分不焊接的搭接节点、2个内隐蔽部分焊接的搭接节点和2个零间隙节点。分析了节点的受力性能、破坏模式和承载力,并对内隐蔽部分焊接情况、支管轴力性质、节点两侧主管轴压力、支管搭接情况等对节点承载力的影响进行了研究。结果表明:内隐蔽部分焊接与否对被搭接支管受拉的节点承载力影响较大,焊缝断裂是内隐蔽部分未焊接节点常见的破坏模式;在试验几何参数条件下的内隐蔽部分未焊接搭接节点在被搭接支管受压情况下的节点承载力较被搭接支管受拉时大很多;节点两侧主管均有轴压力时的搭接节点承载力较仅一侧主管有轴压力时要小;被搭接支管受拉的搭接节点承载力远远高于相应的零间隙节点。研究表明:国内外现行规范中的N形方主管圆支管搭接节点承载力计算公式对发生主管局部屈曲破坏模式的情况并不适用,而且公式也未考虑内隐蔽部分焊接与否、支管轴力性质和主管轴力等因素的影响,还有待完善。

N形方主管圆支管搭接节点有限元分析与承载力计算

基于N形方主管圆支管搭接节点的试验,从节点破坏模式、变形过程和承载力等方面对N形方主管圆支管搭接节点的非线性有限元模型进行了校验。采用验证的有限元分析模型,分析了被搭接支管受拉且内隐蔽部分焊接的搭接节点的应力分布、塑性区扩展和破坏模式,以及几何参数、内隐蔽部分焊接与否、支管轴力性质、主管轴力等因素对节点性能的影响。分析结果表明:支主管径宽比、主管宽厚比、支主管壁厚比是影响N形方主管圆支管搭接节点破坏模式和承载性能的主要因素;内隐蔽部分未焊接对被搭接支管受压的节点承载力影响较小,但对被搭接支管受拉的节点承载力影响较大;支管轴力性质、主管轴压力对N形方主管圆支管搭接节点承载力的影响不可忽视。应用多元线性回归方法,在GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》现有承载力计算公式基础上,拟合出了考虑相关影响系数的修正计算式;按修正计算式计算得到的承载力与试验结果吻合良好,且具有较好的适用性。

Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching in Variable-and Permanent-Charge Paddy Soils

A variable-charge （VC） and a permanent-charge paddy soil （PC） were selected to study nitrate-N （NO3^--N） and ammonium-N （NH4^＋-N） leaching with N isotopes for one consecutive year. An irrigation and intermittent drainage pattern was adopted to mimic natural occurrence of rainfall during the upland crop season and drainage management during the flooded rice season. Treatments to each soil type were no-N controls （CK）, ^15N-labeled （NH4）2SO4 （NS）, and milk vetch （NV） applied at a rate equivalent to 238 kg N ha^-1 to unplanted lysimeters, totaling six treatments in triplicates. Results indicated that the soil type dominated N leaching characteristics. In the case of PC, NO3^--N accounted for 78% of the total leached inorganic N; NS was prone to leach three times more than the NV, being 8.2% and 2.4% of added ^15N respectively; and 〉 85% of leached NO3-N came from of the total inorganic N in leachate. Moreover, NH4^＋-N native N in the soil. In the case of VC, NH4^＋-N made up to 92% leaching was detected throughout the whole incubation, and was particularly high during the flooded season. NO3^--N leaching in VC occurred later at a lower rate compared to that in PC. The findings of this study indicate that NO3^--N leaching during the drained season in permanent-charge paddy soils and NH4^＋-N leaching in variable-charge soils deserve more attention for regional environmental control.

Targeting host factors:A novel rationale for the management of hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C is recognized as a major threat to global public health. The current treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C is the addition of ribavirin to interferon-based therapy which has limited efficacy, poor tolerability, and significant expense. New treatment options that are more potent and less toxic are much needed. Moreover, more effective treatment is an urgent priority for those who relapse or do not respond to current regimens. A major obstacle in combating hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection is that the fidelity of the viral replication machinery is notoriously low, thus enabling the virus to quickly develop mutations that resist compounds targeting viral enzymes. Therefore, an approach targeting the host cofactors, which are indispensable for the propagation of viruses, may be an ideal target for the development of antiviral agents because they have a lower rate of mutation than that of the viral genome, as long as they have no side effects to patients. Drugs targeting, for example, receptors of viral entry, host metabolism or nuclear receptors, which are factors required to complete the HCV life cycle, may be more effective in combating the viral infection. Targeting host cofactors of the HCV life cycle is an attractive concept because it imposes a higher genetic barrier for resistance than direct antiviral compounds. However the principle drawback of this strategy is the greater potential for cellular toxicity.

Extraction and Analysis of Gully Head of Loess Plateau in China Based on Digital Elevation Model

In China′s Loess Plateau area, gully head is the most active zone of a drainage system in gully areas. The differentiation of loess gully head follows geospatial patterns and reflects the process of the loess landform development and evolution of its drainage system to some extent. In this study, the geomorphic meaning, basic characteristics, morphological structure and the basic types of loess gully heads were systematically analysed. Then, the loess gully head′s conceptual model was established, and an extraction method based on Digital Elevation Model(DEM) for loess gully head features and elements was proposed. Through analysing the achieved statistics of loess gully head features, loess gully heads have apparently similar and different characteristics depending on the different loess landforms where they are found. The loess head characteristics reflect their growth period and evolution tendency to a certain degree, and they indirectly represent evolutionary mechanisms. In addition, the loess gully developmental stages and the evolutionary processes can be deduced by using loess gully head characteristics. This study is of great significance for development and improvement of the theoretical system for describing loess gully landforms.

Association Model Among Competitive Advantage Factors and Corporate Performance

This study sought to answer the following question： The empirical model in which strategic planning affects innovation and competitive advantage and how does this influence corporate performance perceived by the CEOs of companies in Monterrey, Nuevo LEon, does this have an acceptable outcome in regards of the theoretical fit model？ This study was empirical, quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, explicative and transversal in nature. The studied population consisted of executives who attended the training sessions of the Institute of Public Accountants of Nuevo Le6n （IPANL）. For this study, a sample of 134 executives was selected by convenience sampling. For the data collection, an instrument of 94 indicators was elaborated and the indicators within the study were the following： 31 indicators for strategic planning, 15 indicators for innovation, 24 indicators for competitive advantage, and 24 indicators for corporate performance. The null hypotheses were analyzed using multivariate analysis denominated as a structural equation model, utilizing maximum plausibility methods. According to the selected structural equation indexes, the obtained results show that the proposed model had an acceptable goodness of fit index.

主方支圆钢管轻骨料混凝土K型节点承载力

为研究主方支圆高强钢管轻骨料混凝土有间隙K型节点的承载力,对支管间设置加劲板的节点和基本型节点进行了主管轴压静力加载试验,考察了加劲板和支主管偏心距对节点破坏模式和承载力等受力性能的影响.试验结果表明:与受拉支管相连的主管鼓起、支主管焊缝开裂、支管根部屈曲、加劲板焊缝开裂和加劲板屈曲是该类节点的典型破坏模式;受压支管和主管受压区内轻骨料混凝土未发生明显破坏,受拉支管和主管受拉区内轻骨料混凝土发生轻微破碎;加劲节点的屈服承载力和极限承载力较基本型节点分别提高43.4%~69.6%和25.9%~43.1%.基于有间隙K型节点试验破坏模式,推导了考虑加劲板应力传递效应和轻骨料混凝土约束效应的与受拉支管相连的主管凸曲承载力计算式和支主管焊缝开裂承载力计算式.

The Relationship between Nurses＇ Errors of Treatment and Supervisors＇ Constructive Listening

Nurses＇ unintentional medication errors during treatment are relatively frequent and yet inevitable. Errors provoke emotions which influence the nurses＇ professional careers. Little is known about the relationship between nurses＇ supervisors constructive listening （CL） and the emotional reactions of nurses who committed an error and its relation to patients＇ safety. Our purpose was to explore the relationship between nurses＇ perceptions regarding their supervisors＇ CL and their emotional experiences after committing an error related to patient care. Dependent variables included of guilt, empathy towards the patient, general and professional self-assessment, shame, and Negative and Positive Affect （NA/PA）. In this descriptive study, we used a snowball sampling method. Participants were asked to sign an informed-consent form and complete the questionnaire before or after work. No compensation （material or otherwise） was offered to participants. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the academic institution involved. A total of 162 nurses participated： 103 （63.6%） held a registered and 40 （25%） held a managerial role. Seniority had high variability, ranging from 3 months to 45 years （M=1 3.54, SD=0.78）. The majority of errors reported （67.7%） concerned the administration of medications. We used Structural Equation Modeling to measure relationships between the main variables （X2（9）=14.52, p=.105, CFI=.911, RMSEA=.062 （90% CI=.00-. 11）. The main findings were： a high rating of perceived supervisor＇s CL led to high state-guilt （β=. 15, p=.04）. Next, higher state-guilt led to high PA （β=.18, p=.02） and to high NA （β=.45, p〈.001）. High PA led to reporting the error （β=.17, p=.03）, whereas high NA led to a high degree of empathy towards the patient （β=.17, p=.03）. Our findings show the importance of CL, which led to reporting error and to empathy towards patients, mediated by increased state-guilt and by increased positive and negative effect. Supervisor nurses should use CL to create an atmosphere of trust which fosters the reporting of errors and improves patients＇ safety.