太赫兹由于其穿透性强、大带宽等优势,在雷达信号处理领域受到了广泛的关注。同时,高分辨率距离像(High Resolution Range Profiles,HRRP)在目标检测、识别以及成像等领域具有很高的应用价值,但是,针对太赫兹频段目标HRRP特性的研究却...太赫兹由于其穿透性强、大带宽等优势,在雷达信号处理领域受到了广泛的关注。同时,高分辨率距离像(High Resolution Range Profiles,HRRP)在目标检测、识别以及成像等领域具有很高的应用价值,但是,针对太赫兹频段目标HRRP特性的研究却较少。本文首先从确定信号模型对太赫兹频段目标HRRP的方位角敏感性进行了研究,并利用协方差矩阵的主特征向量提取其平均HRRP,从而达到抑制目标HRRP方位角敏感性的目的。另外,根据距离单元中散射点的不同分布,对太赫兹雷达目标HRRP距离单元进行分类,并分别使用瑞利模型、赖斯模型以及混合分布模型进行统计建模。之后,使用对数积累量方法(Method of Log-Cumulants,Mo LC)和基于字典的随机最大期望(Dictionary-based Stochastic Expectation-Maximization,DSEM)算法对上述模型的参数进行估计。最后,利用研制的太赫兹高分辨率雷达系统开展了不同带宽下的复杂目标HRRP特性实验,实验结果表明,太赫兹频段下目标平均HRRP与HRRP帧内其他HRRP的相关系数高于单个HRRP,同时,对于高分辨率下的目标HRRP距离单元统计特性,可以使用混合分布模型对其进行建模。展开更多
Azimuthal electromagnetic(EM)logging while drilling(LWD)has been extensively used in high-angle and horizontal(HA/HZ)wells.However,due to the effects of formation anisotropy,accurate geosteering decision and formation...Azimuthal electromagnetic(EM)logging while drilling(LWD)has been extensively used in high-angle and horizontal(HA/HZ)wells.However,due to the effects of formation anisotropy,accurate geosteering decision and formation evaluations have become increasingly difficult.To quantitatively analyze the effect of anisotropy on tool responses and data processing,this paper investigates the sensitivity of EM LWD measurements to electric anisotropy and inversion accuracy via forward modeling and inversion.First,a sensitivity factor is defined to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of the magnetic field components and synthetic signals to electric anisotropy.Then,azimuthal EM LWD responses in anisotropic layered formations are simulated,and the sensitivities to formation parameters for compensated and uncompensated tool configurations are comparatively analyzed.Finally,we discuss the effects of the inversion model on bed boundary inversion in anisotropic formations.Numerical simulation and inversion results show that azimuthal EM LWD can be significantly affected by electric anisotropy.Fortunately,by using a symmetrical compensation configuration,the sensitivity of the geosignals to electric anisotropy can be suppressed,and the boundary detection capability can be further enhanced.Anisotropy normally gives rise to separated resistivity curves and abnormal"horns";moreover,complicated nonlinear distortion can also arise in geosignals as the tool approaches a bed boundary.If anisotropy effects are ignored in the inversion process,the estimated bed boundary and formation resistivity are usually unreliable,which may mislead geosteering decisions.展开更多
文摘太赫兹由于其穿透性强、大带宽等优势,在雷达信号处理领域受到了广泛的关注。同时,高分辨率距离像(High Resolution Range Profiles,HRRP)在目标检测、识别以及成像等领域具有很高的应用价值,但是,针对太赫兹频段目标HRRP特性的研究却较少。本文首先从确定信号模型对太赫兹频段目标HRRP的方位角敏感性进行了研究,并利用协方差矩阵的主特征向量提取其平均HRRP,从而达到抑制目标HRRP方位角敏感性的目的。另外,根据距离单元中散射点的不同分布,对太赫兹雷达目标HRRP距离单元进行分类,并分别使用瑞利模型、赖斯模型以及混合分布模型进行统计建模。之后,使用对数积累量方法(Method of Log-Cumulants,Mo LC)和基于字典的随机最大期望(Dictionary-based Stochastic Expectation-Maximization,DSEM)算法对上述模型的参数进行估计。最后,利用研制的太赫兹高分辨率雷达系统开展了不同带宽下的复杂目标HRRP特性实验,实验结果表明,太赫兹频段下目标平均HRRP与HRRP帧内其他HRRP的相关系数高于单个HRRP,同时,对于高分辨率下的目标HRRP距离单元统计特性,可以使用混合分布模型对其进行建模。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41674131,No.41974146,and No.41904109)the Shandong Province Postdoctoral Innovation Projects(sdbh20180025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.17CX06041)。
文摘Azimuthal electromagnetic(EM)logging while drilling(LWD)has been extensively used in high-angle and horizontal(HA/HZ)wells.However,due to the effects of formation anisotropy,accurate geosteering decision and formation evaluations have become increasingly difficult.To quantitatively analyze the effect of anisotropy on tool responses and data processing,this paper investigates the sensitivity of EM LWD measurements to electric anisotropy and inversion accuracy via forward modeling and inversion.First,a sensitivity factor is defined to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity of the magnetic field components and synthetic signals to electric anisotropy.Then,azimuthal EM LWD responses in anisotropic layered formations are simulated,and the sensitivities to formation parameters for compensated and uncompensated tool configurations are comparatively analyzed.Finally,we discuss the effects of the inversion model on bed boundary inversion in anisotropic formations.Numerical simulation and inversion results show that azimuthal EM LWD can be significantly affected by electric anisotropy.Fortunately,by using a symmetrical compensation configuration,the sensitivity of the geosignals to electric anisotropy can be suppressed,and the boundary detection capability can be further enhanced.Anisotropy normally gives rise to separated resistivity curves and abnormal"horns";moreover,complicated nonlinear distortion can also arise in geosignals as the tool approaches a bed boundary.If anisotropy effects are ignored in the inversion process,the estimated bed boundary and formation resistivity are usually unreliable,which may mislead geosteering decisions.
