城市规划设计中计算机模拟技术的遴选与运用——以武汉新区四新生态新城“方岛”区域城市设计为例

计算机模拟技术是城市规划设计中进行复杂分析和预测的重要手段,而模拟技术的运用是否合理和适当直接影响着其在各类规划设计中所起的作用。研究分析了模拟技术在规划设计领域的优势和适用范围,对规划设计实践中模拟技术运用的一些问题和误区进行了剖析。同时,结合武汉新区四新生态新城"方岛"区域城市设计项目中运用模拟技术优化方案的实践探索,对城市规划设计中计算机模拟技术的遴选、运用以及基于模拟结果的规划设计方案优化进行总结,提出了一些原则和建议。

滨湖城区生态宜居方岛规划路径——以武汉四新生态新城方岛规划为例

作为城市发展新的增长极,滨湖城区生态宜居规划被赋予更多的发展使命和生态职责.在规划中满足人的生存需求和城市的发展需求是亟需解决的课题.武汉四新生态新城方岛以生态肌理和功能定位为契机,不断寻求滨湖城区聚合空间规划建设新途径,打造生态修复、交通保护、产业优化、功能明确的发展空间,为滨湖城区生态宜居规划提供了新范本.

生态城市设计特点分析

通过对于三个生态城市设计项目(武汉新区四新生态城、铁路南京南站地下空间、武汉花山生态新城)特征分析,总结出生态城市的设计应该尊重当地地域、气候、人文、经济以及资源等多方面要素的理念。该三个生态城市在设计过程中,各有侧重,武汉新区侧重智能性,南京南站侧重采光,而另一个武汉花山生态新城则侧重水的利用。

Effects of Urbanization and Industrialization on Farmland System in Shandong Peninsula

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of urbanization and industrialization on farmland system in Shandong Peninsula. [Method] In Shandong Peninsula, the effects were studied and analyzed using remote sensing and image interpretation with spatial data analysis and statistic data analysis. [Result] During researching periods in Shandong Peninsula, wasteland area changed from decreasing to increasing; farmland area was declining; orchard and forestry areas were increasing, mainly resulting from political policies and benefits maximization of farmers. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizers and agricultural mechanization are more frequently applied with industrialization and urbanization, leading significant effects on environment, industry and urban. [Conclusion] More policies should be formulated to promote harmonious development of society, economy and environment.

A GIS-BASED GLACIER INVENTORY FOR THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AND THE SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS——A FIRST CASE STUDY ON KING GEORGE ISLAND

The aim of the international project “Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)" headed by the US Geological Survey is to establish a world wide glacier inventory based on satellite imagery.This data set will form a first digital baseline study for future glacier monitoring.The presented GIS_based glacier inventory for King George Island is a case study for the area of the Antarctic Peninsula.In the database of the glacier inventory topographic information,specific glaciological parameters as well as metadata will be included.The topographic data consists of drainage basin limits,basin areas,altitudinal ranges,perimeters and mean lengths.Glaciological data sets should comprise information on glacier retreat in different periods,glacier velocities,ice thickness and bedrock topography as well as derived parameters.Modelled and measured mass balance parameters could be included as additional data layers.In particular,these metadata records must comprise background information on data accuracy and data sources and should be compatible with a future data model for the King George Island GIS (KGIS).Three examples illustrate that the GLIMS database will not only contain information valuable for glaciological applications,but also other environmental studies on the island will benefit from this standardised remote sensing data sets.Therefore,a very close link between the data models of KGIS and GLIMS has to be established to enable these synergisms.Finally,better access to historic aerial photography would enable a continuous record of glacier retreat from the beginning of the 1950’s onward.

An insulinoma with clinical and electroencephalographic features resembling complex partial seizures

We described a female patient with insulinoma who experienced recurrent episodes of automatism, confusion and convulsion. Furthermore, her electroencephalography （EEG） findings resembled the pattern in complex partial seizures with secondary generalization. The interictal EEG showed spikes and sharp waves, as well as focal slowing over the left temporal lobe, and the ictal EEG revealed generalized spikes and sharp waves associated with diffused slowing. She was initially misdiagnosed as pharmacoresistant epilepsy. After the insulinoma was found and surgically removed, her EEG turned normal and she was seizure-free during the 4-year follow-up. This report highlights the need for careful reassessment of all seizures refractory to medication, even for the oatients associated with eoileotiform discharges on EEG.

The blind men 'see' the elephant-the many faces of fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of diseases with excess fat in liver in the absence of a poorly defined limit of alcohol consumption. Most common variety, a universal public health problem, is associated with insulin resistance caused by a host of genetic and epigenetic defects modulated by life style and environmental factors. In fact the term NAFLD is loose to incorporate so many etiologies except alcoholism and few other etiologies, presenting as fat in liver. However as a sign fatty liver is very important in predicting the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cirrhosis and cancer. Abnormal fat accumulation can result from several defects in nuclear receptors associated with lipid sensing, synthesis and oxidation like LXR, FXR, SREBP, ChREBP and PPAR; defects in the lipid influx-efflux channels, insulin signaling, proteins involved in fatty acid catabolism, defects in adipose tissue development and function, inappropriate nutrition and finally defects in neural regulatory mechanisms. The progress of the disease is determined by the basic defects which results in fat accumulation, an individual’s immunological response to the accumulated fat and its derivatives and the oxidant stress response. Congregation of unrelated genetic defects under same diagnosis ‘NAFLD’ can result in inefficient patient management. Further studies are required to understand the molecular basis of fatty liver to enable a personalized management of diseases presenting as fatty liver in the absence of alcohol abuse.

Notes on Two Marine Ciliates from the Yellow Sea,China:Placus salinus and Strombidium apolatum(Protozoa,Ciliophora)

The living morphology and infraciliature of two rare marine ciliates, Placussalinus Dietz, 1964 and Strombidium apolatum Wilbert and Song, 2005, collected from the coastalwaters near Qingdao, China, were investigated by in vivo observation and protargol impregnationtechnique. The improved diagnosis for Placus salinus is as follows: medium-sized marine Placus, invivo (50-60) μm X (30-40) μm; cell elliptical to barrel-shaped; 28-31 somatic kineties; singlemacronucleus usually ellipsoid and one micronucleus located in the indention of the macronucleus;one contractile vacuole posteriorly positioned. Strombidium apolatum is characterized by: marinestrombidium (40-60) μm X (30-45) μm in vivo, cordiform in shape with somewhat pointed posteriorend and conspicuous apical protrusion; extrusomes prominent, about 15 μm in length and evenlyarranged along the circle kinety; about 16 collar and 5-6 buccal membranelles; one elongatemacronucleus and one micronucleus; circle and ventral kineties consisting of about 53 and 45dikinetids respectively.

Seasonal variation in species composition and abundance of demersal fish and invertebrates in a Seagrass Natural Reserve on the eastern coast of the Shandong Peninsula,China

Seagrass habitats are structurally complex ecosystems, which support high productivity and biodiversity. In temperate systems the density of seagrass may change seasonally, and this may influence the associated fish and invertebrate community. Little is known about the role of seagrass beds as possible nursery areas for fish and invertebrates in China. To study the functioning of a seagrass habitat in northern China, demersal fish and invertebrates were collected monthly using traps, from February 2009 to January 2010. The density, leaf length and biomass of the dominant seagrass Zostera marina and water temperature were also measured. The study was conducted in a Seagrass Natural Reserve(SNR) on the eastern coast of the Shandong Peninsula, China. A total of 22 fish species and five invertebrate species were recorded over the year. The dominant fish species were Synechogobius ommaturus, Sebastes schlegelii, Pholis fangi, Pagrus major and Hexagrammos otakii and these species accounted for 87% of the total number of fish. The dominant invertebrate species were Charybdis japonica and Octopus variabilis and these accounted for 98% of the total abundance of invertebrates. There was high temporal variation in species composition and abundance. The peak number of fish species occurred in August–October 2009, while the number of individual fish and biomass was highest during November 2009. Invertebrate numbers and biomass was highest in March, April, July and September 2009. Temporal changes in species abundance of fishes and invertebrates corresponded with changes in the shoot density and leaf length of the seagrass, Zostera marina.

Insulin-Enhanced Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil in vivo

OBJECTIVE To determine if insulin treatment can enhance the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil （5-FU）, and to explore the mechanism of the enhancemdnt of insulin. METHODS S180 sarcoma, H22 liver cancer and human Eca-109 esophageal cancer cells were transplanted into nude mice to evaluate the inhibitory effect on tumor growth of insulin alone or in combination with 5-FU. The levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 （IGFBP-3） were determined. RESULTS Compared with 5-FU treatment alone, the tumor weight of H22 liver cancer and S180 sarcoma was reduced further with high, medium and low-dose insulin （0.09, 0.06, 0.03 U/20 g） ＋ 5-FU treatment. When a high dosage of insulin ＋ 5-FU was administered, tumor weight was significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05）. The inhibitory rate of growth of S180 sarcoma and H22 liver cancer reached 50.2% and 51.4%, respectively, which was significantly higher than 24.9% and 27.9% in the group receiving 5-FU alone （P 〈 0.05）. High, medium and low-dose insulin combined with 5-FU significantly inhibited the growth of Eca-109 cancer cells （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the control group, the level of serum IGF-1 decreased （P 〈 0.05）, whereas the level of serum IGFBP-3 slightly increased in the 5-FU ± insulin groups （P 〉 0.05）. In mice with H22 liver cancer and S180 sarcoma the IGF-1 level with highdose insulin ＋ 5-FU treatment was significantly lower compared to treatment with 5-FU alone （P 〈 0.05）, but the difference was not significant in mice transplanted with esophageal cancer cells. CONCLUSION Insulin can enhance the anti-tumor effect of 5-FU without significantly increasing 5-FU toxicity. Although changes in the serum IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 level do not explain the mechanism of the insulin-induced enhancement on 5-FU on growth, a decrease in the level of serum IGF-1 and an increase in serum IGFBP-3 may be important in the chemotherapeutic response.

Reactivation of the insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱsignaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Constitutive activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-signaling axis is frequently observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Especially the over- expression of the fetal growth factor IGF-Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅰ receptor(IGF-IR),and cytoplasmic downstream effectors such as insulin-receptor substrates(IRS)contribute to proliferation,anti-apoptosis,and invasive behavior. This review focuses on the relevant alterations in this signaling pathway and independent in vivo models that support the central role IGF-Ⅱsignaling during HCC development and progression.Since this pathway has become the center of interest as a target for potential anti-cancer therapy in many types of malignancies,various experimental strategies have been developed,including neutralizing antibodies and selective receptor kinase inhibitors,with respect to the specific and efficient reduction of oncogenic IGF-Ⅱ/IGF-IR-signaling.

Three tropical seagrasses as potential bio-indicators to trace metals in Xincun Bay,Hainan Island,South China

Concentrations of the trace metals Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn were measured in seawater, rhizosphere sediments, interstitial water, and the tissues of three tropical species of seagrasses （Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea rotundata） from Xincun Bay of Hainan Island, South China. We analyzed different environmental compartments and the highest concentrations of Pb and Zn were found in the interstitial and seawater. The concentrations of Cd and Zn were significantly higher in blades compared with roots or rhizomes in 7＂. hemprichii and E. acoroides, respectively. A metal pollution index （MPI） demonstrated that sediment, interstitial water, and seagrasses in the sites located nearest anthropogenic sources of pollution had the most abundant metal concentrations. There was obvious seasonal variation of these metals in the three seagrasses with higher concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in January and Cd in July. Furthermore, the relationships between metal concentrations in seagrasses and environmental compartments were positively correlated significantly. The bioconcentration factors （BCF） demonstrated that Cd from the tissues of the three seagrasses might be absorbed from the sediment by the roots. However, for C. rotundata, Zn is likely to be derived from the seawater through its blades. Therefore, the blades of T. hemprichii, E. acoroides and C. rotundata are potential bio-indicators to Cd content in sediment, and additionally Zn content （C. rotundata only） in seawater.

Betaine and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Back to the future?

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important indication for liver transplantation in many Western countries. Obesity and insulin resistance are the two most common risk factors for NASH, which can lead to recurrent NASH after liver transplantation. There is currently no approved therapy for NASH, and treatment is directed at risk factor modification and lifestyle changes. Betaine has been used for NASH, with mixed results, and may show promise in conjunction with other agents in clinical trials.

On a new species of Paragoneplax Castro (Crustacea: Decapoda: Goneplacidae), P. chenae sp. nov. from the South China Sea

A new species of goneplacid crab, Paragoneplax chenae, is described, based on collections from the Nansha Islands, South China Sea. P. chenae closely resembles its only congener P. serenei (Zarenkov, 1972) in general appearance. They are distinguishable from each other by the male abdominal and gonopodal characters.

Stagnate to Extensive： The Design of Capital City Development in Coastal Archipelago Raja Ampat

This discussion of Raja Ampat case, a subdivision of West Papua province, is related to the global warming issue where small islands will be narrowed as a result of sea level rise. Furthermore, it is related to autonomy regulations where each municipality and district has their own policy. The capital of Raja Ampat District in the east of Indonesia is developed from traditional place into central urban area. Raja Ampat, a naturally beautiful island, is located in a remote area famous for its diving spot for foreign tourists, amazing underwater life, bird watching, and to experience a traditional lifestyle with specific tropical fauna and flora. The problem is how to develop a city which needs to be in a stagnant extensive phase but： neither in vertical nor horizontal development to protect forest as conservation area due to limited land area. Identification and design methods used in this research is to develop settlement in Raja Ampat archipelago area which has around 610 large and small islands, atoll, and have 4.860 km shoreline with only 34 islands inhabited. The urban design for this archipelago of 1：6 ratios of land and ocean needs to be different, since it is dominated by water. With the limited land area resources, the development needs to be focused on the ocean area by optimizing land area.

Comparative Analysis of Four Stem Taper Models for Quercus glauca in Mount Halla,Jeju Island,South Korea

This study was conducted to fit the diameter-height data of Quercusglaucain Jeju Island, South Korea to the four commonly used stem taper equations andto evaluate the performance of the four stem taper models using four statistical criteria： Fit index （FI）, root mean square error （RMSE）, bias （）,and absolute mean difference （AMD）. Results showed that the Kozak02stem taper equation provided the best FI（0.9847）, RMSE（1.5745）,（-0.0030 cm） and AMD （1.0990 cm） whileMax and Burkhart model had the poorest performance among the four stem taper models based on the four evaluation statistics （FI ： 0.9793,RMSE ： 1.8272, ： 0.3040 cm and AMD ： 1.3060 cm）. These stem taper equations can serve as a useful tool for forest managers in estimating the diameter outside bark at any given height, merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumesof the standing trees of Quercusglaucain theGotjawal forests located in Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea.

Cultural Presence of the Cretan Biodiversity in the Minoan Period and nowadays： A Discovery School Teaching Approach

The educational project prepared for students of High School 15-17 years old with the subject of Biodiversity in Minoan Period and Nowadays. It was an interdisciplinary approach of ecological and cultural views of biodiversity. Special educational material was prepared with photos and texts of archaeological excavations and field sampling which was used in real and virtual environment, in t~ discovery teaching of Natural Sciences and History subjects. Students, in a scientific research project with constructive teachings, followed the procedures by which scientists gather, analyze, synthesize, process and evaluate information of organisms of Crete since 4000 years. Crete is located between the natural limits of three continents, having the unique privilege to host permanently or in migration, distinctive species of these three continents. After having the research questions, teachers collected the educational material, organized the work groups, implemented the didactic intervention in the classroom, had the field sampling of plants, recognized the synchronous local and scientific names of the plants, constructed the botany book, photographed the collected organisms and all the concentrated material was delivered to the team members.

Two-and Three-Dimensional Urban Core Determinants of the Urban Heat Island： A Statistical Approach

There is no doubt that the UHI （urban heat island） is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to the energy retention by surface dense building materials, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. Much of the earlier research on the UHI has used two-dimensional （2-D） information, such as land uses and the distribution of vegetation. In the case of homogeneous land uses, it is possible to predict surface temperatures with reasonable accuracy with 2-D information. However, three-dimensional （3-D） information is necessary to analyze more complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with 2-D urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. The research includes the following stages： （1） estimating urban temperature; （2） developing a 3-D city model; （3） generating geometric parameters; and （4） conducting statistical analyses using both linear and non-linear regression models. The implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies aiming to reduce the UHI.

Rhizomic Identity, Performative Identity, In-Becoming Identity of the Characters in Maryse Cond6＇s Narratives

In Western culture, the symbol of the tree which divides into branches and has a foliage of the same lineage as its roots is the best symbol for describing identity and also for describing the Cartesian reasoning which proceeds by eliminating misconceptions and following thesingle true idea. In the West Indies culture, it is the rhizome that is the best symbol to describe the identity of these peoples. The rhizome as explained by Deleuze and Gattari in their Introduction Rhizome of the book .4 thousand plateaus, is a tuber that makes roots after being cut off from its original plant. In this respect, it is most appropriate to describe the people of the Caribbean who have been cut off from their African roots by slavery but who have thrived on the island, re-establishing links with the different peoples who came to work there. The rhizome is similar to the mangrove that protects the island from marine erosion, it intertwines with other plants so that it is impossible to distinguish the source plant. In this respect, it is the best symbol to describe the creole identity and the refusal of the West Indians to return to a racial and social system that promulgated the white race as superior to the black race during colonialism. The structure of the books of Maryse Cond6 is itself rhizomatic since it does not present the theme of its stories through the view point of an omnipotent author but through the view points of all the characters of the novel who by their discussions letthe reader discover their terrible history of slavery, and transform himinto a new man who would seek diversity.

Association of chronic viral hepatitis B with insulin resistance

AIM:To investigate the relationship between chronic viral hepatitis B(CVHB) and insulin resistance(IR) in Korean adults.METHODS:A total of 7880 adults(3851 men,4029 women) who underwent a comprehensive medical examination were enrolled in this study.Subjects diagnosed with either diabetes mellitus,or any other disorder that could influence their insulin sensitivity,were rejected.Anthropometry,metabolic risk factors,hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B surface antibody,hepatitis B core antibody,fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured for all subjects.Homeostasis model assessment(HOMA),quantitative insulin check index(QUICKI),and Mf fm index were used for determining insulin sensitivity.Each participant was categorized into a negative,recovery,or CVHB group.To compare variables between groups,a t-test and/or one-way analysis of variance were used.Partial correlation coefficients were computed to present the association between insulin resistance and other variables.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between CVHB and IR.RESULTS:The mean age of men and women were 48.9 and 48.6 years,respectively.Subjects in the CVHB group had significantly higher waist circumference [(86.0 ± 7.7 cm vs 87.3 ± 7.8 cm,P = 0.004 in men),(78.3 ± 8.6 cm vs 80.5 ± 8.5 cm,P < 0.001 in women)],cystatin C [(0.96 ± 0.15 mg/dL vs 1.02 ± 0.22 mg/dL,P < 0.001 in men),(0.84 ± 0.15 mg/dL vs 0.90 ± 0.16 mg/dL,P < 0.001 in women)],fasting insulin [(5.47 ± 3.38 U/mL vs 6.12 ± 4.62 U/mL,P < 0.001 in men),(4.57 ± 2.82 U/mL vs 5.06 ± 3.10 U/mL,P < 0.001 in women)] and HOMA index [(1.24 ± 0.86 vs 1.43 ± 1.24,P < 0.001 in men),(1.02 ± 0.76 vs 1.13 ± 0.87,P = 0.033 in women)] compared to control group.The HOMA index revealed a positive correlation with body mass index(BMI)(r = 0.378,P < 0.001),waist circumference(r =0.356,P < 0.001),percent body fat(r = 0.296,P < 0.001),systolic blood pressure(r = 0.202,P < 0.001),total cholesterol(r = 0.134,P < 0.001),triglycerides(r = 0.292,P < 0.001),cystatin C(r = 0.069,P < 0.001) and uric acid(r = 0.142,P < 0.001).The QUICKI index revealed a negative correlation with BMI(r =-0.254,P < 0.001),waist circumference(r = 0-0.243,P < 0.001),percent body fat(r =-0.217,P < 0.001),systolic blood pressure(r =-0.132,P < 0.001),total cholesterol(r =-0.106,P < 0.001),triglycerides(r =-0.205,P < 0.001),cystatin C(r =-0.044,P < 0.001) and uric acid(r =-0.096,P < 0.001).For subjects identified with IR,the odds ratio of an accompanying diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B was 1.534(95% CI:1.158-2.031,HOMA index criteria) or 1.566(95% CI:1.124-2.182,QUICKI criteria) after adjustment for age,gender,BMI,and amount of alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates that CVHB is associated with IR.CVHB may need to be monitored for occurrence of IR and diabetes mellitus.