This paper examines trends in the impacts of disasters at the world scale and proposes explanations for them. It is concluded that statistics on natural hazards are questionable, in that changes in recording methods h...This paper examines trends in the impacts of disasters at the world scale and proposes explanations for them. It is concluded that statistics on natural hazards are questionable, in that changes in recording methods have artificially inflated the number of disasters and the seriousness of their impacts. Next, the paper examines the symbolic interpretation of disasters at various scales of analysis in terms of human cultures. It further applies this approach to the analysis of natural hazards using information technology methods such as GIS （Geographic Information Systems）. Returning to the global scale, deficiencies and inequalities in the world disaster relief system are considered. Thereafter, the paper investigates how global economic imbalances are thrown into sharp relief by catastrophes, with examples from the record of past earthquakes, landslides and floods. Finally, it considers the prospects for a major change in the direction of world policy on disasters and concludes that this will only occur if the international financial system is forced to adjust to a ＂super-disaster＂ event, which could possibly be seismic, volcanic or nuclear in origin.展开更多
China is a country with many nationalities. Each of them has formed its own special culture, which is different from the mainstream of majority Han nationality, by adapting to geo-environment during history. Due to di...China is a country with many nationalities. Each of them has formed its own special culture, which is different from the mainstream of majority Han nationality, by adapting to geo-environment during history. Due to different backgrounds, the regional developmental model of minorities in the western China is different from the Han nationality and western countries. Combining a knowledge-based civilization and sustainable development, the minority areas can seek the systematic integration of culture-economy-ecology. Based on this, the paper suggests that the minority areas in western China should take the way of emphasizing developmental quality rather than developmental quantity for a harmonious system of culture-economy-ecology. Some approaches for developing minority areas in western China have been put foreword.展开更多
In the basic concepts of mathematic culture, mathematics was given a broad meaning. Mathematics is not only a scientific language, a system of knowledge, but also a way of thinking, a kind of art has aesthetic feature...In the basic concepts of mathematic culture, mathematics was given a broad meaning. Mathematics is not only a scientific language, a system of knowledge, but also a way of thinking, a kind of art has aesthetic features. On this basis, the meaning of mathematical quality should have a new exposition, the essence of mathematical quality is integration of mathematic cultural values, knowledge, abilities, psychological, while the key to the quality of mathematics education is to fully embody the essence of mathematics culture, let the concepts of mathematic cultm＇e integrated to the whole process of mathematics education.展开更多
This paper considers the semiparametric regression model Yi = xiβ＋g（ti）＋ Vi （1 ≤ i≤ n）, where （xi, ti） are known design points, fl is an unknown slope parameter, g（.） is an unknown function, the correlate...This paper considers the semiparametric regression model Yi = xiβ＋g（ti）＋ Vi （1 ≤ i≤ n）, where （xi, ti） are known design points, fl is an unknown slope parameter, g（.） is an unknown function, the correlated errors Vi = ∑^∞j=-∞cjei-j with ∑^∞j=-∞｜cj｜ 〈 ∞, and ei are negatively associated random variables. Under appropriate conditions, the authors study the asymptotic normality for wavelet estimators ofβ and g（·）. A simulation study is undertaken to investigate finite sample behavior of the estimators.展开更多
Three kinds of the widely-used cloudiness parameterizations are compared with data produced from the cloud-resolving model(CRM) simulations of the tropical cloud system. The investigated schemes include those based on...Three kinds of the widely-used cloudiness parameterizations are compared with data produced from the cloud-resolving model(CRM) simulations of the tropical cloud system. The investigated schemes include those based on relative humidity(RH), the semi-empirical scheme using cloud condensate as a predictor, and the statistical scheme based on probability distribution functions(PDFs). Results show that all three schemes are successful in reproducing the timing of cloud generation, except for the RH-based scheme, in which low-level clouds are artificially simulated during cloudless days. In contrast, the low-level clouds are well simulated in the semi-empirical and PDF-based statistical schemes, both of which are close to the CRM explicit simulations. In addition to the Gaussian PDF, two alternative PDFs are also explored to investigate the impact of different PDFs on cloud parameterizations. All the PDF-based parameterizations are found to be inaccurate for high cloud simulations, in either the magnitude or the structure. The primary reason is that the investigated PDFs are symmetrically assumed, yet the skewness factors in deep convective cloud regimes are highly significant, indicating the symmetrical assumption is not well satisfied in those regimes. Results imply the need to seek a skewed PDF in statistical schemes so that it can yield better performance in high cloud simulations.展开更多
文摘This paper examines trends in the impacts of disasters at the world scale and proposes explanations for them. It is concluded that statistics on natural hazards are questionable, in that changes in recording methods have artificially inflated the number of disasters and the seriousness of their impacts. Next, the paper examines the symbolic interpretation of disasters at various scales of analysis in terms of human cultures. It further applies this approach to the analysis of natural hazards using information technology methods such as GIS （Geographic Information Systems）. Returning to the global scale, deficiencies and inequalities in the world disaster relief system are considered. Thereafter, the paper investigates how global economic imbalances are thrown into sharp relief by catastrophes, with examples from the record of past earthquakes, landslides and floods. Finally, it considers the prospects for a major change in the direction of world policy on disasters and concludes that this will only occur if the international financial system is forced to adjust to a ＂super-disaster＂ event, which could possibly be seismic, volcanic or nuclear in origin.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.49261001).
文摘China is a country with many nationalities. Each of them has formed its own special culture, which is different from the mainstream of majority Han nationality, by adapting to geo-environment during history. Due to different backgrounds, the regional developmental model of minorities in the western China is different from the Han nationality and western countries. Combining a knowledge-based civilization and sustainable development, the minority areas can seek the systematic integration of culture-economy-ecology. Based on this, the paper suggests that the minority areas in western China should take the way of emphasizing developmental quality rather than developmental quantity for a harmonious system of culture-economy-ecology. Some approaches for developing minority areas in western China have been put foreword.
文摘In the basic concepts of mathematic culture, mathematics was given a broad meaning. Mathematics is not only a scientific language, a system of knowledge, but also a way of thinking, a kind of art has aesthetic features. On this basis, the meaning of mathematical quality should have a new exposition, the essence of mathematical quality is integration of mathematic cultural values, knowledge, abilities, psychological, while the key to the quality of mathematics education is to fully embody the essence of mathematics culture, let the concepts of mathematic cultm＇e integrated to the whole process of mathematics education.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10871146
文摘This paper considers the semiparametric regression model Yi = xiβ＋g（ti）＋ Vi （1 ≤ i≤ n）, where （xi, ti） are known design points, fl is an unknown slope parameter, g（.） is an unknown function, the correlated errors Vi = ∑^∞j=-∞cjei-j with ∑^∞j=-∞｜cj｜ 〈 ∞, and ei are negatively associated random variables. Under appropriate conditions, the authors study the asymptotic normality for wavelet estimators ofβ and g（·）. A simulation study is undertaken to investigate finite sample behavior of the estimators.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2014CB441202,2013CB955803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41305102,91337110)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA11010402)the Joint Center for Global Change Studies(Grant No.105019)
文摘Three kinds of the widely-used cloudiness parameterizations are compared with data produced from the cloud-resolving model(CRM) simulations of the tropical cloud system. The investigated schemes include those based on relative humidity(RH), the semi-empirical scheme using cloud condensate as a predictor, and the statistical scheme based on probability distribution functions(PDFs). Results show that all three schemes are successful in reproducing the timing of cloud generation, except for the RH-based scheme, in which low-level clouds are artificially simulated during cloudless days. In contrast, the low-level clouds are well simulated in the semi-empirical and PDF-based statistical schemes, both of which are close to the CRM explicit simulations. In addition to the Gaussian PDF, two alternative PDFs are also explored to investigate the impact of different PDFs on cloud parameterizations. All the PDF-based parameterizations are found to be inaccurate for high cloud simulations, in either the magnitude or the structure. The primary reason is that the investigated PDFs are symmetrically assumed, yet the skewness factors in deep convective cloud regimes are highly significant, indicating the symmetrical assumption is not well satisfied in those regimes. Results imply the need to seek a skewed PDF in statistical schemes so that it can yield better performance in high cloud simulations.
