方村河跨流域调水方案论证

方村河、樟江河流之间自然落差大,平均落差300～400 m。河流所在区域经济社会发展对水资源的需求与供水能力低相矛盾,研究方村河跨流域调水至樟江和向景区生态补水,以促进农业产业化发展、提高城乡供水保障能力、改善生态环境、合理开发水能资源,实现水资源的综合利用。本人从工作实践中,分析总结方村河跨流域调水的合理性和必要性,为山区河流水资源开发转变理念、拓展思路提供案例样本。

贵州省三都方村向斜北段铀矿特征及成因分析

贵州省内吴家坪组以及同期不同相带的龙潭组是重要的含煤地层,分布面积广,储量大。该省内煤铀资源相互伴生,但过去只对煤矿做过较多工作,但对煤铀兼探所做工作有限,铀矿资源前景较好。本文在对方村向斜吴家坪组的含铀煤层的地质背景、矿体地质特征分析的基础上,对方村向斜北段铀矿的成因做了浅析,以期为同类铀矿床勘查提供参考,也为贵州省的煤铀兼探工作提供依据。

对美丽方村可持续发展的思考

城镇化是经济社会发展的必然趋势,是工业化和现代化的重要标志。芜湖市目前正紧紧抓住城镇化的发展机遇,推动城市大建设大发展,将芜湖打造成千万人口的区域中心城市,文章探讨了芜湖方村在城镇化过程中的规划可持续发展。

贵州省黔南方村向斜地区铀矿找矿远景分析

含铀煤岩型铀矿作为陆相碎屑岩型铀矿的一种亚类型,是贵州地区重要的工业铀矿床类型,具有规模较大、埋藏较浅、受层位控矿的特点。通过对黔南方村向斜含铀煤岩型铀矿的控矿因素、沉积建造及岩相古地理特征进行分析,圈定了黔南方村向斜地区的该类型铀矿的找矿远景区,认为其具有较大的找矿远景。

贵州省黔南方村向斜南北端放射性异常差异浅析

贵州省黔南方村向斜放射性异常主要集中在二叠系地层吴家坪组(P_(3W))底部的碳质页岩和劣煤层中,异常形态呈点状、带状,局部地段形成了工业铀矿体(201、205矿点),是贵州典型的含铀煤岩型矿产之一。文章通过对整个方村向斜地面伽玛总量测量工作的工作成果,结合实际区域地质、构造、沉积环境等,浅析方村向斜南北端放射性异常差异的原因。

方村莫话六十年音变

六十年来方村莫话的声母、韵母和声调都有很多变化。其中声母主要表现为先喉塞浊辅音与非先喉塞浊辅音的合并以及部分送气声母的变化;韵母主要表现为元音(?)的产生和元音u向(?)的变化;声调则表现为调值的变化以及声调的分化与合并。

贵州荔波-独山地区含铀煤系地质地球化学特征及煤岩型铀矿床成因

贵州荔波-独山地区含铀煤系位于二叠系吴家坪组底部黑色介壳灰岩层及深灰色硅质灰岩之上,属贵州省丹寨-三都-独山碳硅泥岩型、煤岩型铀成矿带,已发现2个达到工业品位的小型煤岩型铀矿床。本文对含铀煤层开展了地质地球化学、控矿因素及成矿机制与成因等方面研究。结果表明,研究区自北至南岩相及铀富集规律呈有规律变化,即北部海湾沼泽相矿层稳定,品位较高,中部及南部为相变过渡带及海陆交替相,矿化不够稳定,品位低;成矿物质U主要来源于火山活动,部分来自围岩,与晚二叠世吴家坪阶早期峨眉山地幔热柱海相第一喷发旋回期后,富含SiO_(2)、Mn、U、Co,Pb、CO_(2)等气液流体溶入海水有关;铀矿化形成受层位(吴家坪组)、岩性(褐煤、炭质页岩)、构造(方村向斜及南北向断裂)及沉积环境(还原、酸性-低盐)等因素控制;含铀煤属同生沉积、同生富集为主,构造叠加改造为辅的成因类型。

Cultural Landscape Evolution of Traditional Agricultural Villages in North China——Case of Qianzhai Village in Shandong Province

Agricultural village is an important rural type in China. The evolution process and mechanism of its cultural landscape are different from those of the industrialized village. The paper focuses this theme by a case study of Qianzhai Village of Qufu City, Shangdong Province. In the case of Qianzhai Village, the evolution of its settlement has experienced three stages: mechanical expansion, sprawling expansion and hollowing, and recentralization. The land- scape evolution of residents' houses has undergone three phases: traditional quadrangle house, one-storied house and multistoried house. The evolution of its land use has experienced three stages: circled stratification, fragment and intensive use, and concentration and extensive use. We can see that the main driving factors of cultural landscape evolu- tion of agricultural village are the changes of rural population, society, economy and culture, which are influenced by the change of urban-rural relation, the national modernization process and economic development, the reform of family planning and land system, and the changes in governmental policies. In the future, the modernization, ecological trend, and individualization for residents' houses of agricultural villages in China will develop step by step. The recentralization of settlement and the scaled, sustainable, intensive land use are likely to be the trends of agricultural villages in China.

Appraisal of the vegetation-based services for cropland ecosystems: a case study of a high-yielding county in North China

As people become increasingly aware of the irreplaceability of ecosystem services, defined as ＂the nataral environmental conditions and effects upon which peopic rely for existence that are formed and maintained by ecosystems and ecological processes＂, more emphasis is being placed on these services＇. In rectent years numerous studies have focused primarily on the sen,ices of natural ecosystems. This paper expands the scope of this field from natural ecosystems to semi-natuval ecosystems, i.e. cropland ecosystems, which are closely associated with human productivity and life. Taking Huantat County in Shandong Province as an example, the vegetation.based services of winter wheat/summer maize rotation systems and carton cropland ecosystems were systematically analyzed, including the material production, carbon dioxide fixation, oxygen release, water conservation, and nutrient recycling. These services were then evaluated in terms of economics through the applications of a market value technique, a substinaion engineering method and a shadow price method. The results indicated that the total economic value of cropland ecosystem vegetation.based services in Huantai County is 124.827.3 ×10^4 yuan. which is equivalent to 15.63% of the GDP of Hnantat County （798, 491 × 10^4 yuan）, Among these services, the gas regulation value is 82.698.3 × 10^4 yuan （66.25%）, the material production value is 38.049.4 × 10^4 yuan （30.48%）, the nutrient cycling value is 3257.3 × 10^4 ynan （2.61%）, and the water conservation value is 822.3 × 10^4 yuan （0.66%）. In addition, through the comparison between winter wheat/summer maize rotation systems and cotton cropland ecosystems, we conclude that the economic value of vegetation-based services provided by the former is much higher than that of the latter, which could provide a scientific guideline for adjusting the agricultural structure, Our study may facilitate the conservation of cropland ecosystems and promote effective use of vegetation-based services to achieve sustainable development of agriculture and guarantee nationwide food security.

Land Use and Soil Organic Carbon in China’s Village Landscapes

Village landscapes, which integrate small-scMe agriculture with housing, forestry, and a host of other land use practices, cover more than 2 million square kilometers across China. Village lands tend to be managed at very fine spatial scales （≤ 30 m）, with managers both adapting their practices to existing variation in soils and terrain （e.g., fertile plains vs. infertile slopes） and also altering soil fertility and even terrain by terracing, irrigation, fertilizing, and other land use practices. Relationships between fine-scale land management patterns and soil organic carbon （SOC） in the top 30 cm of village soils were studied by sampling soils within fine-scale landscape features using a regionally weighted landscape sampling design across five environmentally distinct sites in China. SOC stocks across China＇s village regions （5 Pg C in the top 30 cm of 2 ×10^6 km^2） represent roughly 4% of the total SOC stocks in global croplands. Although macroclimate varied from temperate to tropical in this study, SOC density did not vary significantly with climate, though it was negatively correlated with regional mean elevation. The highest SOC densities within landscapes were found in agricultural lands, especially paddy, the lowest SOC densities were found in nonproductive lands, and forest lands tended toward moderate SOC densities. Bue to the high SOC densities of agricultural lands and their predominance in village landscapes, most village SOC was found in agricultural land, except in the tropical hilly region, where forestry accounted for about 45% of the SOC stocks. A surprisingly large portion of village SOC was associated with built structures and with the disturbed lands surrounding these structures, ranging from 〉 18% in the North China Plain to about 9% in the tropical hilly region. These results confirmed that local land use practices, combined with local and regional variation in terrain, were associated with most of the SOC variation within and across China＇s village landscapes and may be an important cause of regional variation in SOC.

Eradication of H pylori infection in a rural population: One-day quadruple therapy versus 7-day triple therapy

AIM： To compare the one-day quadruple therapy with a standard 7-d triple therapy for H pylori eradication in a rural population of China. METHODS： A total of 396 patients with 13C-urea breath test positive for H pylori were assigned into two groups： 239 patients received one-day quadruple therapy （amoxicillin 2000 mg qid; metronidazole 500 mg qid; bismuth citrate 900 mg qid and lansoprazole 60 mg once daily） and 157 patients received 7-d standard triple therapy （amoxicillin 1000 mg bid; clarithromycin 500 mg bid and lansoprazole 30 mg bid）. All the patients underwent a 13C-UBT to assess the eradication of Hpylori infection six weeks after treatment. RESULTS： Two hundred and twenty-nine patients completed the one-day therapy （95.8%） and 148 patients completed the 7-d therapy （94.2%）. The oneday therapy eradicated H pylori infection in 64 patients （27.95%）. In contrast, 103 patients （69.59%） were Hpylori negative after the 7-d therapy （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： This pilot study suggests there is no beneficial effect of the one-day therapy in treatment ofHpylori infection compared with the 7-d standard therapy.

An improved Mahalanobis distance-based colour segmentation method for rural building recognition

Aiming at the rapid identification of rural buildings in complex environments from high-spatialresolution images, an improved Mahalanobis distance colour segmentation method(IMDCSM) is proposed and realised in Red, Green and Blue(RGB) space. Vector sets of a lower discrete degree are obtained by filtering the colour vector sets of the building samples, and a standard ellipsoid equation can be constructed based on these vector sets. The threshold of interested colour range can be flexibly and intuitively selected by changing the shape and size of this ellipsoid. Then, according to the relationship between the location of the image pixel colour vector and the ellipsoid, all building information can be extracted quickly. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) images of two areas in the suburbs of Chengdu city and Deyang city were utilised as experimental data for image segmentation, and the existing colour segmentation method based on the Mahalanobis distance was selected as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of this method. The experimental results demonstrate that the completeness and correctness of this method reached 95% and 83.0%, respectively, values that are higher than those of the Mahalanobis distance colour segmentation method(MDCSM). In general, this method is suitable for the rapid extraction of rural building information, and provides a new threshold selection method for classification.

Impacts of Social and Demographic Factors on Residents' Subjective Well-being in Rural China

The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure rural residents' subjective well-being(SWB) through the day reconstruction method,as well as to analyze SWB's influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods.The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%,indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time.Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0,with the average value being 47%,indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time.The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents.Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors,including age,education,county,household size,generation number,per capita income,migration status and social networking,which significantly affected rural residents' SWB.The size of the impact varied with the different factors.

Payment for Ecosystem Services Markets and Rural Development in BrazilmA Co-evolutionary Approach

The article discusses the payment for ecosystem or environmental services markets in Brazil with a critical review, based on the ecological economics literature and focused on the concept of co-evolution. It is argued that the mainstream approach which considers ecosystem services as an externality has many shortcomings and fails to consider institutional and political aspects---all very critical for the design and implementation of a PES （Payment for ecosystem services） project or program. The complexity and the diversity of co-evolutionary relations between ecosystem services and socioeconomic activities are spatially or territorially specific. In this sense, different types of PES market have to adapt and coevolve with different ongoing development processes.

Challenges and Opportunities for China＇s Agricultural and Rural Development in the 12th Five-year Plan Period

Despite the great progress of rural socioeconomic development in the 11 th Five-year Plan period （2006-2010）, China＇s agriculture and countryside are still.lacing the challenges of a crude development pattern, backward rural development and cities＇ weak driving effect on the countryside. In the 12th Five-year Plan period （20I 1-2015）, China should transform the way agriculture grows and operates; promote rural socioeconomic development; improve urban planning and its functions, institutional innovation, and urban/rural integration to lay a solid foundation for building an all-round well- off society.

Exploration of Protection of Traditional Ancient Villages: A Case Study of Qinglinkou in Erlangmiao Town, Jiangyou City

In recent yeats, ancient villages in China have attracted widespread attention from domestic and foieign experts and scholars. The people began to understand the important art, history, scientific value and profound cultural connotation of traditional architecture, and tiie importance of protecting andent villages has become increasingly prominent Taking Qingiinkou in Erlangmiao Town, Jiangyou City as a case, the methods and contents for the protection of andent villages were studied, and the key elements of conservation and priorities of planning and protection of andent villages wete explored, with a view to providing experience for die cutrent protection of ancient villages.

Sustainable livelihoods in a Coptis-planting based rural community:a case study in Shizhu County,China

Coptis chinensis is a medicinal herb used in traditional Chinese medicine.This research features a case study in Shizhu County,China.Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) is used as the main tool for data collection.The study demonstrates that the current method of Coptis planting leads to forest destruction.Even with reforestation measures,it leads to the loss of biodiversity in the forest.It also shows that farmers cannot get satisfactory economic returns from Coptis planting,as the return is unstable and unpredictable.One alternative to the current Coptis planting mode is to incorporate it into the agroforestry system.Water shield planting also serves as a good alternative to Coptis planting itself.Improved methods of management,post-harvest processing,and marketing of Coptis are also proposed and analyzed.The intended contribution of this paper to the theoretical debate of sustainability shall be the provision of an example showing how agricultural production affects forest conservation.It also presents redressable measures to the negative consequences.Besides,one alternative livelihood pathway for the rural community in this case study is suggested.

Analysis of Methodology for the Application of Stratified Random Sampling with Optimum Allocation： The Case Study of Forest Bioenergy

In this paper, analysis of methodology was realized for the application of stratified random sampling with optimum allocation in the case of a subject of research which concerns the rural population and presents high differentiations among the three strata in which this population could be classified. The rural population of Evros Prefecture （Greece） with criterion the mean altitude of settlements was classified in three strata, the mountainous, semi-mountainous and fiat population for the estimation of mean consumption of forest fuelwood for covering of heating and cooking needs in households of these three strata. The analysis of this methodology includes： （1） the determination of total size of sample for entire the rural population and its allocation to the various strata; （2） the investigation of effectiveness of stratification with the technique of analysis of variance （One-Way ANOVA）; （3） the conduct of sampling research with the realization of face-to-face interviews in selected households and （4） the control of forms of the questionnaire and the analysis of data by using the statistical package for social sciences, SPSS for Windows. All data for the analysis of this methodology and its practical application were taken by the pilot sampling which was realized in each stratum. Relative paper was not found by the review of literature.

Development Status and Countermeasures of the Computer- aided English Teaching

Learning English requires an English environment, but it is impossible for us to communicate with the English speaking people face-to-face frequently, Computer network can he said to narrow the distance between people from the space, turn the world into a global village, and provide people in the world with more and more convenient opporttmities. The use of computer-aided English teaching can make up for the deficiencies of the traditional English teaching methods, which will greatly improve English teaching. In this paper, in view of the perspective of psycholinguistics to analyze common English pod cast, network language and foreign learning phenomenon.

Spatial Polarization of Villages in Tourist Destinations: A Case Study from Yesanpo, China

Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by tourism.Based on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution of two villages(Jiaojiekou and Gougezhuang) in the Yesanpo tourist area over the last 25 years.The results revealed a polarization trend,with Jiaojiekou becoming a ‘hollowed' village and Gougezhuang developing into a ‘new-type' tourist town.This polarization indicates the unsustainability of rural development in tourist destinations, which is manifested by the following features: only some villages benefit from the development of tourism;there is simultaneously a shortage of land in tourist villages and a wastage of land in traditional villages;and the function of the villages is deficient.Nevertheless, the spillover of the effects of tourism may provide an opportunity for the development of traditional villages.To better utilize this opportunity,we propose that:(1) integrated rural tourism management should be developed to explore effective methods of promoting tourism as part of a rural development strategy;(2) different land use policies are required for different villages; and(3) the balance between government regulation and community participation should be emphasized.